This repository contains datasets for multi-object representation learning, used in developing scene decomposition methods like MONet [1] and IODINE [2]. The datasets we provide are:
The datasets consist of multi-object scenes. Each image is accompanied by ground-truth segmentation masks for all objects in the scene. We also provide per-object generative factors (except in Objects Room) to facilitate representation learning. The generative factors include all necessary and sufficient features (size, color, position, etc.) to describe and render the objects present in a scene.
Lastly, the segmentation_metrics
module contains a TensorFlow implementation
of the
adjusted Rand index
[3], which can be used to compare inferred object segmentations with
ground-truth segmentation masks. All code has been tested to work with
TensorFlow r1.14.
If you use one of these datasets in your work, please cite it as follows:
@misc{multiobjectdatasets19,
title={Multi-Object Datasets},
author={Kabra, Rishabh and Burgess, Chris and Matthey, Loic and
Kaufman, Raphael Lopez and Greff, Klaus and Reynolds, Malcolm and
Lerchner, Alexander},
howpublished={https://github.com/deepmind/multi-object-datasets/},
year={2019}
}
This is a dataset based on dSprites. Each image consists of multiple oval, heart, or square-shaped sprites (with some occlusions) set against a uniformly colored background.
We're releasing three versions of this dataset containing 1M datapoints each:
1.1 Binarized: each image has 2-3 white sprites on a black background.
1.2 Colored sprites on grayscale: each scene has 2-5 randomly colored HSV sprites on a randomly sampled grayscale background.
1.3 Colored sprites and background: each scene has 1-4 sprites. All colors are randomly sampled RGB values.
Each datapoint contains an image, a number of background and object masks, and
the following ground-truth features per object: x
and y
positions, shape
,
color
(rgb values), orientation
, and scale
. Lastly, visibility
is a
binary feature indicating which objects are not null.
This dataset is based on the MuJoCo environment used by the Generative Query Network [4] and is a multi-object extension of the 3d-shapes dataset. The training set contains 1M scenes with up to three objects. We also provide ~1K test examples for the following variants:
2.1 Empty room: scenes consist of the sky, walls, and floor only.
2.2 Six objects: exactly 6 objects are visible in each image.
2.3 Identical color: 4-6 objects are placed in the room and have an identical, randomly sampled color.
Datapoints consist of an image and fixed number of masks. The first four masks correspond to the sky, floor, and two halves of the wall respectively. The remaining masks correspond to the foreground objects.
We adapted the open-source script provided by Johnson et al. to produce ground-truth segmentation masks for CLEVR [5] scenes. These were generated afresh, so images in this dataset are not identical to those in the original CLEVR dataset. We ignore the original question-answering task.
The images and masks in the dataset are of size 320x240. We also provide all
ground-truth factors included in the original dataset (namely x
, y
, and z
position, pixel_coords
, and rotation
, which are real-valued; plus size
,
material
, shape
, and color
, which are encoded as integers) along with a
visibility
vector to indicate which objects are not null.
This is a dataset of Tetris-like shapes (aka tetrominoes). Each 35x35 image
contains three tetrominoes, sampled from 17 unique shapes/orientations. Each
tetromino has one of six possible colors (red, green, blue, yellow, magenta,
cyan). We provide x
and y
position, shape
, and color
(integer-coded) as
ground-truth features. Datapoints also include a visibility
vector.
The datasets can be downloaded from
Google Cloud Storage.
Each dataset is a single
TFRecords file. To
download a particular dataset, use the web interface, or run wget
with the
appropriate filename as follows:
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/multi-object-datasets/multi_dsprites/multi_dsprites_colored_on_colored.tfrecords
To download all datasets, you'll need the gsutil
tool, which comes with the
Google Cloud SDK. Simply run:
gsutil cp -r gs://multi-object-datasets .
The approximate download sizes are:
- Multi-dSprites: between 500 MB and 1 GB.
- Objects Room: the training set is 7 GB. The test sets are 6-8 MB.
- CLEVR (with masks): 10.5 GB.
- Tetrominoes: 300 MB.
After downloading the dataset files, you can read them as
tf.data.Dataset
instances with the readers provided. The example below shows how to read the
colored-sprites-and-background version of Multi-dSprites:
from multi_object_datasets import multi_dsprites
import tensorflow as tf
tf_records_path = 'path/to/multi_dsprites_colored_on_colored.tfrecords'
batch_size = 32
dataset = multi_dsprites.dataset(tf_records_path, 'colored_on_colored')
batched_dataset = dataset.batch(batch_size) # optional batching
iterator = batched_dataset.make_one_shot_iterator()
data = iterator.get_next()
with tf.train.SingularMonitoredSession() as sess:
d = sess.run(data)
All dataset readers return images and segmentation masks in the following canonical format (assuming the dataset is batched as above):
-
'image':
Tensor
of shape [batch_size, height, width, channels] and type uint8. -
'mask':
Tensor
of shape [batch_size, max_num_entities, height, width, channels] and type uint8. The tensor takes on values of 255 or 0, denoting whether a pixel belongs to a particular entity or not.
You can compare predicted object segmentation masks with the ground-truth masks
using segmentation_metrics.adjusted_rand_index
as below:
max_num_entities = multi_dsprites.MAX_NUM_ENTITIES['colored_on_colored']
# Ground-truth segmentation masks are always returned in the canonical
# [batch_size, max_num_entities, height, width, channels] format. To use these
# as an input for `segmentation_metrics.adjusted_rand_index`, we need them in
# the [batch_size, n_points, n_true_groups] format,
# where n_true_groups == max_num_entities. We implement this reshape below.
# Note that 'oh' denotes 'one-hot'.
desired_shape = [batch_size,
multi_dsprites.IMAGE_SIZE[0] * multi_dsprites.IMAGE_SIZE[1],
max_num_entities]
true_groups_oh = tf.transpose(data['mask'], [0, 2, 3, 4, 1])
true_groups_oh = tf.reshape(true_groups_oh, desired_shape)
random_prediction = tf.random_uniform(desired_shape[:-1],
minval=0, maxval=max_num_entities,
dtype=tf.int32)
random_prediction_oh = tf.one_hot(random_prediction, depth=max_num_entities)
ari = segmentation_metrics.adjusted_rand_index(true_groups_oh,
random_prediction_oh)
To exclude all background pixels from the ARI score (as in [2]), you can compute it as follows instead. This assumes the first true group contains all background pixels:
ari_nobg = segmentation_metrics.adjusted_rand_index(true_groups_oh[..., 1:],
random_prediction_oh)
[1] Burgess, C. P., Matthey, L., Watters, N., Kabra, R., Higgins, I., Botvinick, M., & Lerchner, A. (2019). Monet: Unsupervised scene decomposition and representation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.11390.
[2] Greff, K., Kaufman, R. L., Kabra, R., Watters, N., Burgess, C., Zoran, D., Matthey, L., Botvinick, M., & Lerchner, A. (2019). Multi-Object Representation Learning with Iterative Variational Inference. Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning, in PMLR 97:2424-2433.
[3] Rand, W. M. (1971). Objective criteria for the evaluation of clustering methods. Journal of the American Statistical association, 66(336), 846-850.
[4] Eslami, S., Rezende, D. J., Besse, F., Viola, F., Morcos, A., Garnelo, M., Ruderman, A., Rusu, A., Danihelka, I., Gregor, K., Reichert, D., Buesing, L., Weber, T., Vinyals, O., Rosenbaum, D., Rabinowitz, N., King, H., Hillier, C., Botvinick, M., Wierstra, D., Kavukcuoglu, K., & Hassabis, D. (2018). Neural scene representation and rendering. Science, 360(6394), 1204-1210.
[5] Johnson, J., Hariharan, B., van der Maaten, L., Fei-Fei, L., Lawrence Zitnick, C., & Girshick, R. (2017). Clevr: A diagnostic dataset for compositional language and elementary visual reasoning. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (pp. 2901-2910).
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