Performance shootout of various prefix tree ("trie") implementations.
"space" benchmarking performed with weigh and "time" benchmarks done with criterion.
Currently comparing two unoptimized implementations taken (but slightly modified) from didactic blogposts (https://alexandersgreen.wordpress.com/2010/09/13/prefix-trees-in-haskell/ and https://blog.jle.im/entry/tries-with-recursion-schemes.html) and four available on Hackage (generic-trie, bytestring-trie, text-trie, and trie-simple).
generic-trie seems to be the best choice, at least for a "lookup - fromList" pair, but I was curious to see how very diverse implementation techniques, notably one based on recursion schemes and another using an arrow type internally, lead to different space and time scaling behaviours.
Pull requests that extend and/or improve these benchmarks are very welcome.
Results obtained on a 2017 MacBook Pro using stack bench:
Benchmark space: RUNNING...
AG
Case Allocated GCs
small 1,208 0
medium 12,968 0
large 133,456 0
JL
Case Allocated GCs
small 5,976 0
medium 59,928 0
large 645,264 0
generic-trie
Case Allocated GCs
small 4,320 0
medium 21,992 0
large 221,760 0
bytestring-trie
Case Allocated GCs
small 2,224 0
medium 52,416 0
large 2,600,752 2
text-trie
Case Allocated GCs
small 2,536 0
medium 62,264 0
large 3,071,280 2
trie-simple
Case Allocated GCs
small 3,088 0
medium 201,448 0
large 18,897,064 18
Benchmark space: FINISH
Benchmark time: RUNNING...
benchmarking AG/small
time 135.4 ns (132.6 ns .. 138.7 ns)
0.994 R² (0.989 R² .. 0.998 R²)
mean 133.4 ns (130.8 ns .. 138.2 ns)
std dev 11.43 ns (6.546 ns .. 17.15 ns)
variance introduced by outliers: 87% (severely inflated)
benchmarking AG/medium
time 4.207 μs (4.111 μs .. 4.371 μs)
0.989 R² (0.981 R² .. 0.997 R²)
mean 4.364 μs (4.246 μs .. 4.522 μs)
std dev 452.0 ns (337.3 ns .. 582.7 ns)
variance introduced by outliers: 88% (severely inflated)
benchmarking AG/large
time 70.83 μs (68.15 μs .. 73.93 μs)
0.991 R² (0.986 R² .. 0.997 R²)
mean 69.11 μs (67.75 μs .. 71.10 μs)
std dev 5.418 μs (3.809 μs .. 7.481 μs)
variance introduced by outliers: 75% (severely inflated)
benchmarking JL/small
time 887.7 ns (866.9 ns .. 918.7 ns)
0.993 R² (0.983 R² .. 0.999 R²)
mean 886.1 ns (874.1 ns .. 924.3 ns)
std dev 64.19 ns (32.05 ns .. 129.6 ns)
variance introduced by outliers: 81% (severely inflated)
benchmarking JL/medium
time 12.11 μs (11.89 μs .. 12.40 μs)
0.996 R² (0.993 R² .. 0.999 R²)
mean 12.25 μs (12.09 μs .. 12.48 μs)
std dev 638.9 ns (425.2 ns .. 969.5 ns)
variance introduced by outliers: 62% (severely inflated)
benchmarking JL/large
time 68.27 μs (65.93 μs .. 71.35 μs)
0.991 R² (0.982 R² .. 1.000 R²)
mean 67.17 μs (66.33 μs .. 69.05 μs)
std dev 4.090 μs (1.513 μs .. 7.208 μs)
variance introduced by outliers: 63% (severely inflated)
benchmarking generic-trie/small
time 486.8 ns (477.0 ns .. 499.4 ns)
0.996 R² (0.993 R² .. 0.998 R²)
mean 478.3 ns (470.7 ns .. 489.4 ns)
std dev 30.40 ns (20.92 ns .. 48.38 ns)
variance introduced by outliers: 77% (severely inflated)
benchmarking generic-trie/medium
time 4.786 μs (4.620 μs .. 4.987 μs)
0.994 R² (0.988 R² .. 1.000 R²)
mean 4.677 μs (4.627 μs .. 4.773 μs)
std dev 222.9 ns (99.69 ns .. 392.9 ns)
variance introduced by outliers: 60% (severely inflated)
benchmarking generic-trie/large
time 52.39 μs (50.40 μs .. 53.86 μs)
0.994 R² (0.992 R² .. 0.998 R²)
mean 50.30 μs (49.64 μs .. 51.10 μs)
std dev 2.537 μs (1.805 μs .. 3.436 μs)
variance introduced by outliers: 55% (severely inflated)
benchmarking bytestring-trie/small
time 258.9 ns (255.1 ns .. 263.4 ns)
0.999 R² (0.997 R² .. 1.000 R²)
mean 257.7 ns (255.8 ns .. 261.0 ns)
std dev 7.759 ns (5.639 ns .. 11.23 ns)
variance introduced by outliers: 44% (moderately inflated)
benchmarking bytestring-trie/medium
time 3.325 μs (3.256 μs .. 3.426 μs)
0.994 R² (0.990 R² .. 0.998 R²)
mean 3.354 μs (3.301 μs .. 3.433 μs)
std dev 209.7 ns (134.9 ns .. 298.7 ns)
variance introduced by outliers: 73% (severely inflated)
benchmarking bytestring-trie/large
time 73.46 μs (72.62 μs .. 74.44 μs)
0.994 R² (0.987 R² .. 0.999 R²)
mean 74.85 μs (72.91 μs .. 79.93 μs)
std dev 9.677 μs (3.383 μs .. 16.95 μs)
variance introduced by outliers: 89% (severely inflated)
benchmarking text-trie/small
time 282.0 ns (278.1 ns .. 286.3 ns)
0.996 R² (0.992 R² .. 0.999 R²)
mean 289.9 ns (282.4 ns .. 304.0 ns)
std dev 32.29 ns (16.36 ns .. 51.40 ns)
variance introduced by outliers: 92% (severely inflated)
benchmarking text-trie/medium
time 3.279 μs (3.237 μs .. 3.340 μs)
0.997 R² (0.992 R² .. 0.999 R²)
mean 3.396 μs (3.311 μs .. 3.534 μs)
std dev 352.3 ns (223.2 ns .. 507.7 ns)
variance introduced by outliers: 89% (severely inflated)
benchmarking text-trie/large
time 74.49 μs (73.21 μs .. 76.11 μs)
0.996 R² (0.993 R² .. 0.998 R²)
mean 78.65 μs (76.51 μs .. 82.87 μs)
std dev 10.06 μs (6.959 μs .. 14.33 μs)
variance introduced by outliers: 89% (severely inflated)
benchmarking trie-simple/small
time 274.3 ns (270.3 ns .. 279.6 ns)
0.997 R² (0.995 R² .. 0.999 R²)
mean 272.6 ns (269.8 ns .. 277.2 ns)
std dev 12.07 ns (7.266 ns .. 18.85 ns)
variance introduced by outliers: 63% (severely inflated)
benchmarking trie-simple/medium
time 23.87 μs (23.52 μs .. 24.49 μs)
0.995 R² (0.991 R² .. 0.999 R²)
mean 24.86 μs (24.37 μs .. 25.73 μs)
std dev 2.058 μs (1.379 μs .. 3.075 μs)
variance introduced by outliers: 79% (severely inflated)
benchmarking trie-simple/large
time 16.70 ms (15.57 ms .. 17.95 ms)
0.977 R² (0.956 R² .. 0.995 R²)
mean 16.51 ms (16.05 ms .. 17.14 ms)
std dev 1.378 ms (1.037 ms .. 1.926 ms)
variance introduced by outliers: 40% (moderately inflated)
Benchmark time: FINISH
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