youki is an implementation of the OCI runtime-spec in Rust, similar to runc.
Your ideas are welcome here.
Tip
You can immediately set up your environment with youki on GitHub Codespaces and try it out.
$ just build
$ docker run --runtime youki hello-world
$ sudo podman run --cgroup-manager=cgroupfs --runtime /workspaces/youki/youki hello-world
youki is pronounced as /joʊki/ or yoh-key. youki is named after the Japanese word 'youki', which means 'a container'. In Japanese language, youki also means 'cheerful', 'merry', or 'hilarious'.
Here is why we are writing a new container runtime in Rust.
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Rust is one of the best languages to implement the oci-runtime spec. Many very nice container tools are currently written in Go. However, the container runtime requires the use of system calls, which requires a bit of special handling when implemented in Go. This is too tricky (e.g. namespaces(7), fork(2)); with Rust, it's not that tricky. And, unlike in C, Rust provides the benefit of memory safety. While Rust is not yet a major player in the container field, it has the potential to contribute a lot: something this project attempts to exemplify.
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youki has the potential to be faster and use less memory than runc, and therefore work in environments with tight memory usage requirements. Here is a simple benchmark of a container from creation to deletion.
Runtime Time (mean ± σ) Range (min … max) youki 198.4 ms ± 52.1 ms 97.2 ms … 296.1 ms runc 352.3 ms ± 53.3 ms 248.3 ms … 772.2 ms crun 153.5 ms ± 21.6 ms 80.9 ms … 196.6 ms Details about the benchmark
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A command used for the benchmark
hyperfine --prepare 'sudo sync; echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches' --warmup 10 --min-runs 100 'sudo ./youki create -b tutorial a && sudo ./youki start a && sudo ./youki delete -f a'
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Environment
$ ./youki info Version 0.0.1 Kernel-Release 5.11.0-41-generic Kernel-Version #45-Ubuntu SMP Fri Nov 5 11:37:01 UTC 2021 Architecture x86_64 Operating System Ubuntu 21.04 Cores 12 Total Memory 32025 Cgroup setup hybrid Cgroup mounts blkio /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio cpu /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct cpuacct /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct cpuset /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset devices /sys/fs/cgroup/devices freezer /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer hugetlb /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb memory /sys/fs/cgroup/memory net_cls /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio net_prio /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio perf_event /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event pids /sys/fs/cgroup/pids unified /sys/fs/cgroup/unified CGroup v2 controllers cpu detached cpuset detached hugetlb detached io detached memory detached pids detached device attached Namespaces enabled mount enabled uts enabled ipc enabled user enabled pid enabled network enabled cgroup enabled $ ./youki --version youki version 0.0.1 commit: 0.0.1-0-0be33bf $ runc -v runc version 1.0.0-rc93 commit: 12644e614e25b05da6fd08a38ffa0cfe1903fdec spec: 1.0.2-dev go: go1.13.15 libseccomp: 2.5.1 $ crun --version crun version 0.19.1.45-4cc7 commit: 4cc7fa1124cce75dc26e12186d9cbeabded2b710 spec: 1.0.0 +SYSTEMD +SELINUX +APPARMOR +CAP +SECCOMP +EBPF +CRIU +YAJL
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I have fun implementing this. In fact, this may be the most important.
- containers/oci-spec-rs - OCI Runtime and Image Spec in Rust
youki is not at the practical stage yet. However, it is getting closer to practical use, running with docker and passing all the default tests provided by opencontainers/runtime-tools.
| Feature | Description | State |
|---|---|---|
| Containerd | Running via Containerd | ✅ |
| Docker | Running via Docker | ✅ |
| Podman | Running via Podman | ✅ |
| pivot_root | Change the root directory | ✅ |
| Mounts | Mount files and directories to container | ✅ |
| Namespaces | Isolation of various resources | ✅ |
| Capabilities | Limiting root privileges | ✅ |
| Cgroups v1 | Resource limitations, etc | ✅ |
| Cgroups v2 | Improved version of v1 | Support is complete except for devices. WIP on #230 |
| Systemd cgroup driver | Setting up a cgroup using systemd | ✅ |
| Seccomp | Filtering system calls | ✅ |
| Hooks | Add custom processing during container creation | ✅ |
| Rootless | Running a container without root privileges | ✅ |
| OCI Compliance | Compliance with OCI Runtime Spec | ✅ 50 out of 50 test cases passing |
| CRIU Integration | Functionality to checkpoint/restore containers | Initial checkpoint support as described in #641 |
The User and Developer Documentation for youki is hosted at https://containers.github.io/youki/
Local build is only supported on Linux. For other platforms, please use the Vagrantfile that we have prepared. You can also spin up a fully preconfigured development environment in the cloud with GitHub Codespaces.
- Rust(See here), edition 2021
- linux kernel ≥ 5.3
To install just, follow the instruction here.
$ sudo apt-get install \
pkg-config \
libsystemd-dev \
build-essential \
libelf-dev \
libseccomp-dev \
libclang-dev \
glibc-static \
libssl-dev$ sudo dnf install \
pkg-config \
systemd-devel \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
libseccomp-devel \
clang-devel \
openssl-develgit clone [email protected]:containers/youki.git
cd youki
just youki-dev # or youki-release
./youki -h # you can get information about youki command- Docker(See here)
Let's try to run a container that executes sleep 30 with youki. This tutorial may need root permission.
git clone [email protected]:containers/youki.git
cd youki
just youki-dev # or youki-release
mkdir -p tutorial/rootfs
cd tutorial
# use docker to export busybox into the rootfs directory
docker export $(docker create busybox) | tar -C rootfs -xvf -Then, we need to prepare a configuration file. This file contains metadata and specs for a container, such as the process to run, environment variables to inject, sandboxing features to use, etc.
../youki spec # will generate a spec file named config.jsonWe can edit the config.json to add customized behaviors for container. Here, we modify the process field to run sleep 30.
"process": {
...
"args": [
"sleep", "30"
],
...
}Then we can explore the lifecycle of a container:
cd .. # go back to the repository root
sudo ./youki create -b tutorial tutorial_container # create a container with name `tutorial_container`
sudo ./youki state tutorial_container # you can see the state the container is `created`
sudo ./youki start tutorial_container # start the container
sudo ./youki list # will show the list of containers, the container is `running`
sudo ./youki delete tutorial_container # delete the containerChange the command to be executed in config.json and try something other than sleep 30.
youki provides the ability to run containers as non-root user(rootless mode). To run a container in rootless mode, we need to add some extra options in config.json, other steps are same with above:
$ mkdir -p tutorial/rootfs
$ cd tutorial
# use docker to export busybox into the rootfs directory
$ docker export $(docker create busybox) | tar -C rootfs -xvf -
$ ../youki spec --rootless # will generate a spec file named config.json with rootless mode
## Modify the `args` field as you like
$ ../youki run rootless-container # will create and run a container with rootless modeStart the docker daemon.
dockerd --experimental --add-runtime="youki=$(pwd)/youki"If you get an error like the below, that means your normal Docker daemon is running, and it needs to be stopped. Do that with your init system (i.e., with systemd, run systemctl stop docker, as root if necessary).
failed to start daemon: pid file found, ensure docker is not running or delete /var/run/docker.pidNow repeat the command, which should start the docker daemon.
You can use youki in a different terminal to start the container.
docker run -it --rm --runtime youki busyboxAfterwards, you can close the docker daemon process in other the other terminal. To restart normal docker daemon (if you had stopped it before), run:
systemctl start docker # might need root permissionGo and node-tap are required to run integration tests. See the opencontainers/runtime-tools README for details.
git submodule update --init --recursive
just test-ociYou can try youki on platforms other than Linux by using the Vagrantfile we have prepared. We have prepared two environments for vagrant, namely rootless mode and rootful mode
git clone [email protected]:containers/youki.git
cd youki
# If you want to develop in rootless mode, and this is the default mode
vagrant up
vagrant ssh
# or if you want to develop in rootful mode
VAGRANT_VAGRANTFILE=Vagrantfile.root vagrant up
VAGRANT_VAGRANTFILE=Vagrantfile.root vagrant ssh
# in virtual machine
cd youki
just youki-dev # or youki-releaseWe also have an active Discord if you'd like to come and chat with us.
This project welcomes your PR and issues. For example, refactoring, adding features, correcting English, etc. If you need any help, you can contact me on Twitter.
Thanks to all the people who already contributed!
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