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Minimal Mistakes Jekyll theme

Minimal Mistakes is a flexible two-column Jekyll theme, perfect for building personal sites, blogs, and portfolios. As the name implies, styling is purposely minimalistic to be enhanced and customized by you 😄.

✨ See what's new in the CHANGELOG.

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Note: The theme uses the jekyll-include-cache plugin which will need to be installed in your Gemfile and added to the plugins array of _config.yml. Otherwise you'll throw Unknown tag 'include_cached' errors at build.

Notable features

Bundled as a "theme gem" for easier installation/upgrading.
Compatible with GitHub Pages.
Support for Jekyll's built-in Sass/SCSS preprocessor.
Nine different skins (color variations).
Several responsive layout options (single, archive index, search, splash, and paginated home page).
Optimized for search engines with support for Twitter Cards and Open Graph data.
Optional header images, custom sidebars, table of contents, galleries, related posts, breadcrumb links, navigation lists, and more.
Commenting support (powered by Disqus, Facebook, Google+, Discourse, static-based via Staticman, and utterances).
Google Analytics support.
UI localized text in English (default), Brazilian Portuguese (Português brasileiro), Chinese, Danish, Dutch, French (Français), German (Deutsch), Greek, Hindi (हिंदी), Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian (Italiano), Japanese, Korean, Malayalam, Nepali (Nepalese), Persian (فارسی), Polish, Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ), Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Spanish (Español), Swedish, Thai, Turkish (Türkçe), and Vietnamese.

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This theme comes in nine different skins (including the default one).

`air`	`contrast`	`dark`

`dirt`	`mint`	`sunrise`

`aqua`	`neon`	`plum`

Demo pages

Name	Description
Post with Header Image	A post with a large header image.
HTML Tags and Formatting Post	A variety of common markup showing how the theme styles them.
Syntax Highlighting Post	Post displaying highlighted code.
Post with a Gallery	A post showing several images wrapped in `<figure>` elements.
Sample Collection Page	Single page from a collection.
Categories Archive	Posts grouped by category.
Tags Archive	Posts grouped by tag.

Additional sample posts are available under posts archive on the demo site. Source files for these (and the entire demo site) can be found in /docs.

Installation

There are three ways to install: as a gem-based theme, as a remote theme (GitHub Pages compatible), or forking/directly copying all of the theme files into your project.

Gem-based method

With Gem-based themes, directories such as the assets, _layouts, _includes, and _sass are stored in the theme’s gem, hidden from your immediate view. Yet all of the necessary directories will be read and processed during Jekyll’s build process.

This allows for easier installation and updating as you don't have to manage any of the theme files. To install:

Add the following to your Gemfile:
```
gem "minimal-mistakes-jekyll"
```
Fetch and update bundled gems by running the following Bundler command:
```
bundle
```
Set the theme in your project's Jekyll _config.yml file:
```
theme: minimal-mistakes-jekyll
```

To update the theme run bundle update.

Remote theme method

Remote themes are similar to Gem-based themes, but do not require Gemfile changes or whitelisting making them ideal for sites hosted with GitHub Pages.

To install:

Create/replace the contents of your Gemfile with the following:

source "https://rubygems.org"

gem "github-pages", group: :jekyll_plugins

Add jekyll-include-cache to the plugins array of your _config.yml.
Fetch and update bundled gems by running the following Bundler command:
```
bundle
```
Add remote_theme: "mmistakes/[email protected]" to your _config.yml file. Remove any other theme: or remote_theme: entry.

Looking for an example? Fork the Minimal Mistakes remote theme starter for the quickest method of getting a GitHub Pages hosted site up and running. Replace sample content with your own and configure as needed.

Usage

For detailed instructions on how to configure, customize, add/migrate content, and more read the theme's documentation.

Contributing

Having trouble working with the theme? Found a typo in the documentation? Interested in adding a feature or fixing a bug? Then by all means submit an issue or pull request. If this is your first pull request, it may be helpful to read up on the GitHub Flow first.

Minimal Mistakes has been designed as a base for you to customize and fit your site's unique needs. Please keep this in mind when requesting features and/or submitting pull requests. If it's not something that most people will use, I probably won't consider it. When in doubt ask.

This goes for author sidebar links and "share button" additions -- I have no intention of merging in every possibly option, the essentials are there to get you started 😄.

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Theme documentation and demo pages can be found in the /docs if submitting improvements, typo corrections, etc.

Development

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Credits

Creator

Michael Rose

Icons + Demo Images:

The Noun Project -- Garrett Knoll, Arthur Shlain, and tracy tam
Font Awesome
Unsplash

Other:

License

The MIT License (MIT)

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Minimal Mistakes incorporates icons from The Noun Project creators Garrett Knoll, Arthur Shlain, and tracy tam. Icons are distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States (CC BY 3.0 US).

Minimal Mistakes incorporates photographs from Unsplash.

Minimal Mistakes incorporates Breakpoint. Breakpoint is distributed under the terms of the MIT/GPL Licenses.

Minimal Mistakes incorporates @allejo's Pure Liquid Jekyll Table of Contents, Copyright (c) 2017 Vladimir Jimenez. Pure Liquid Jekyll Table of Contents is distributed under the terms of the MIT License.

one-day-an-english-card's People

Stargazers

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one-day-an-english-card's Issues

Introduction 简介

Principles are concepts that can be applied over and over again in similar circumstances as distinct from narrow answers to specific questions. Every game has principles that successful players master to achieve winning results. So does life. Principles are ways of successfully dealing with the laws of nature or the laws of life. Those who understand more of them and understand them well know how to interact with the world more effectively than those who know fewer of them or know them less well. Different principles apply to different aspects of life - e.g., there are "skiing principles" for skiing, "parenting principles" for parenting, "management principles" for managing, “investment principles” for investing, etc - and there are over - arching "life principles" that influence our approaches to all things. And, of course, different people subscribe to different principles that they believe work best.

原则是能够在相似场景下反复运用的一套概念，有别于具体问题的狭义回答。每个游戏的获胜者都有自己遵循的原则，生活也是如此。原则是应对自然或生活规律的种种方式。对原则理解越透彻，越能在生活中游刃有余。生活的不同方面也有各自的原则，例如滑雪有“滑雪原则”，做父母的有“父母原则”，管理有“管理原则，投资有“投资原则”等等，也存在支配一切，包罗万象的“生活原则”。当然每个人都有自己认为最有效的原则。

I am confident that whatever success Bridgewater and I have had has resulted from our operating by certain principles. Creating a great culture, finding the right people, managing them to do great things and solving problems creatively and systematically are challenges faced by all organizations. What differentiates them is how they approach these challenges. The principles laid out in the pages that follow convey our unique ways of doing these things, which are the reasons for our unique results. Bridgewater’s success has resulted from talented people operating by the principles set out here, and it will continue if these or other talented people continue to operate by them. Like getting fit, virtually anyone can do it if they are willing to do what it takes.

我坚信我和桥水联合基金所获得的成功，都是得益于我们遵循了某些原则。创造了良好的企业文化，用对合适的员工，指导他们成就大业，各部门都能以有创意的方式系统解决问题，应对挑战。他们的差异来自应对挑战的方法不同。本书要详述的原则体现了我们独特的做事方法，这也是我们脱颖而出的原因。桥水联合基金的成功得益于一群遵循原则处事的人才们，如果后辈人才继续遵循这些原则，定能续写成功。就像健身一样，只有大家都愿意有所付出，才能有所收获。

What is written here is just my understanding of what it takes: my most fundamental life principles, my approach to getting what I want, and my “management principles,” which are based on those foundations. Taken together, these principles are meant to paint a picture of a process for the systematic pursuit of truth and excellence and for the rewards that accompany this pursuit. I put them in writing for people to consider in order to help Bridgewater and the people I care about most.

我来说说遵循原则带来的收获吧：我最根本的一套原则，实现理想的一套方法，以及基于根本原则下延伸的管理原则。综上所述，这些原则帮助我系统地描绘出追求真理和卓越的蓝图，收获随之而来的回报。我写下这些原则供人们参考，原本是想为了帮助桥水联合基金和我最关心的人们。

Until recently, I didn’t write out these principles because I felt that it was presumptuous for me to tell others what would work best for them. But over time, I saw the people who I cared about most struggling with problems and wanted to help them; I also found that their problems were almost always the result of violating one or more of these principles, and that their problems could be solved by applying these principles. So I began writing down the types of problems and the broken principles that caused them. When I began, I didn’t know how many principles I would end up with but, through this process, I discovered that about 200 principles pretty much cover all the problems.I’m sure that I will come up with more as I learn more.

一直以来，我都没有写下这些原则，因为我觉得告诉别人怎样最好的工作是有点自以为是的。但我老是发现我最关心的那群人日夜与一些棘手的问题做斗争，我想帮助他们。我也发现，他们的问题几乎都是因为或多或少地违背了我想写的这些原则。只要遵循这些原则，问题就能迎刃而解。于是我开始记录他们遇到的问题，写下这些问题背后违背的原则。当初开始写的时候，并不知道我会写多少条，但在这个过程中我发现大概200条原则就足以解决所有的问题了。当然，以后我学的越多，也会发现更多新的原则涌现。

Since I learned these principles by encountering reality and reflecting on my encounters, and I am still doing these things, I expect there are more principles to come. So I am still creating this document by throwing various thoughts down when they occur to me, trying to put them in some sensible order and trying to smooth over the bumps. Organizing these principles into a sensible order is a challenge since they relate to each other more like a matrix than as a sequence. To help guide you, I’ve tried to organize them around large themes like building a great culture, managing people well, and creative problem-solving. I will continue these things, so this is an evolving document.
我自己是通过遭遇现实，进行反思，才学到这些原则的。如今我仍在这样做，也期待总结出更多新的原则。创建原则总结时，我思绪活跃，试图以合理的顺序对原则进行总结，但这些原则之间的关系就像是矩阵一样，没有明显的次序。为了更好地向你提供指导，我尝试以主题类别对这些原则进行归类，包括创造良好的文化，管理好员工，创新问题、解决方案等。我会持续更新，所以这本书本身也是一份不断发展完善的文件。

When I say that these are my principles, I don’t mean that in a possessive or egotistical way. I just mean that they are explanations of what I personally believe. I believe that the people I work with and care about must think for themselves. I set these principles out and explained the logic behind them so that we can together explore their merits and stress test them. While I am confident that these principles work well because I have thought hard about them, they have worked well for me for many years, and they have stood up to the scrutiny of the hundreds of smart, skeptical people, I also believe that nothing is certain. I believe that the best we can hope for is highly probable. By putting them out there and stress testing them, the probabilities of their being right will increase.

我说这些原则是我的原则，并不是狂妄自大或据为己有，这些只是我个人信奉的理论而已。我希望我的合作伙伴和我关心的人都能自己独立思考。我列出这些原则，解释了背后的逻辑，我们一同探讨这些原则的优点，也要继续检验这些原则。我对这些原则颇具信心，这些都是我冥思苦想得来的，多年来在我身上证明是行之有效的，历经数百位聪慧人士的质疑，它们都通过了考验。我也相信世事无绝对，我想梦想是可以实现的，只要把这些原则列出来并予以考验，成功的几率就会增加。

I also believe that those principles that are most valuable to each of us come from our own encounters with reality and our reflections on these encounters – not from being taught and simply accepting someone else’s principles. So, I put these out there for you to reflect on when you are encountering your realities, and not for you to blindly follow. What I hope for most is that you and others will carefully consider them and try operating by them as part of your process for discovering what works best for you. Through this exploration, and with their increased usage, not only will they be understood, but they will evolve from “Ray’s principles” to “our principles,” and Ray will fade out of the picture in much the same way as memories of one’s ski or tennis instructor fade and people only pay attention to what works.So, when digesting each principle, please…

同时，我认为最有价值的原则都不是教出来的或简单接受他人的原则，而是通过有自己的现实经历与反思得出来的。书中列出这些原则，是供你参照反思自己的经历，而不是要你盲目遵循我列的这些原则。我最希望看到你能仔细思忖本书之后内容中详述的各种原则，尝试使用这些原则，摸索出最适合自己的原则。在探寻和不断使用中，不仅理解这些原则，而是有一天，“雷的原则（译者注：作者的名字是雷.达里奥）”悄然逝去，而属于你自己的“我的原则”会跃然纸上。这就像人们学会滑雪或网球后，教练的影子也会逐渐淡去，我们只会记得那些行之有效的东西。

just what I believe, others will certainly have their own principles, and possibly even their own principles documents, and future managers of Bridgewater will work in their own ways to determine what principles Bridgewater will operate by. At most, this will remain as one reference of principles for people to consider when they are deciding what’s important and how to behave.
本书主要阐述的是我信奉的原则，别人也有他们信奉的原则，他们很可能也有写自己原则的汇总文件。桥水联合基金公司未来的管理者会以他们自己的方式工作，决定公司遵循什么原则。至多，当人们面临重要决定，不知如何入手时，本书能在原则方面提供一些参考。
那么在消化每条原则时，请做到以下这条：

…ask yourself: “Is it true?”
问自己：“这是对的么？”

Before I discuss the management principles themselves, it’s important for me to articulate my own most fundamental life principles because my management principles are an extension of them.

在探讨管理原则之前，我必须要详述我生活中的根本原则，因为管理原则也只是它们的延伸扩展。

In Part 1, I explain what I mean by principles, why I believe they are important, and how they are essential for getting what you want out of life.

第一章会解释我说的原则是指什么，为什么我认为原则很重要，以及它们在实现人生理想中所起的关键作用。

Part 2 explains my most fundamental life principles. I describe what I believe are the best ways of interacting with reality to learn what it’s like, and how to most effectively deal with it to get what you want. I also discuss what I believe are the most common traps that people fall into that prevent them from getting what they want, and how people’s lives can be radically better by avoiding them. I wrote this so you can better understand why my other principles are what they are, though you don’t need to read this part to understand the others.

第二章我会阐述我生活中最根本的原则。我会描述同生活现实打交道和了解事实真相最有用的原则，还会谈谈如何最有效地运用这些原则实现人生理想。本章还会探讨阻碍理想实现的最常见的一些陷阱，避免这些陷从根本上改变人生。阅读此部分你能更好地理解我论述的其他原则，不过跳过此部分也不影响其他内容的理解。

Part 3 is about my management principles. As I have run Bridgewater for more than 35 years, it explains Bridgewater’s approach up till now. It begins at the big-picture, conceptual level, with an explanation of why I believe that any company’s results are primarily determined by its people and its culture. It then drills down into what I believe are the important principles behind creating a great culture, hiring the right people, managing them to achieve excellence, solving problems systematically and making good decisions.

第三章讲的是我的管理原则。我管理桥水联合基金公司已经超过35年了，这些管理原则至今都在使用。本章开始会笼统地阐释，之后会从概念层面解释为什么任何公司的成功都主要归功于员工和公司文化。随后将深入探讨一系列重要的原则，在这些原则的指导下，我才能创造出良好的公司文化，雇佣合适的员工，在管理中助他们实现业绩，系统地解决问题，并作出正确的抉择。

There are of course lots of other types of principles. For example, I hope to one day write about my investment principles. However, management principles are now what we need most, so here are the ones that I think make sense and have worked for me.

当然，存在很多其他类别的原则，比方说，我希望有一天我能写下我的投资原则，不过管理原则是我们现在最急需的，所以我才写了这些我认为最有意义的，对我最有用的原则。

Principles《原则》前言

What follows are three distinct parts that can be read either independently or as a connected whole. Part 1 is about the purpose and importance of having principles in general, having nothing to do with mine. Part 2 explains my most fundamental life principles that apply to everything I do. Part 3, explains my management principles as they are being lived out at Bridgewater. Since my management principles are simply my most fundamental life principles applied to management, reading Part 2 will help you to better understand Part 3, but it’s not required—you can go directly to Part 3 to see what my management principles are and how Bridgewater has been run. One day I’d like to write a Part 4 on my investment principles. If you are looking to get the most bang for your buck (i.e., understanding for the effort), I suggest that you read Parts 1 and 2, and the beginning of Part 3 (through the Summary and Table of Principles) which will give you nearly the whole picture. It’s only about 55 pages of a normal size book.

本书分为三个章节，可单独阅读每个章节，也可以从头读到尾。第一章整体讲述了有原则的目的和重要性，这些和我自己的原则无关。第二章阐述了围绕我生活方方面面的最重要的根本原则。第三章详述了我管理桥水联合基金公司时遵循的管理原则。我的管理原则其实就是根本生活原则在管理领域的应用，因此阅读第二章将有助于对第三章的理解。当然，你也可以直接阅读第三章，看看我都有哪些管理原则，桥水联合基金是如何基于这些原则进行管理的。未来有一天，我可能会写第四章，聊聊我在投资领域的原则。如果你想尽快读到最多的干货，建议你读第一章和第二章后，阅读第三章从总结到原则汇总列表的内容，这些一共也就正常书籍大小的55页，涵盖了全书的精华。

Above all else, I want you to think for yourself—to decide 1) what you want, 2) what is true and 3) what to do about it. I want you to do that in a clear-headed thoughtful way, so that you get what you want. I wrote this book to help you do that. I am going to ask only two things of you—1) that you be open-minded and 2) that you honestly answer some questions about what you want, what is true and what you want to do about it. If you do these things, I believe that you will get a lot out of this book. If you can’t do these things, you should reflect on why that is, because you probably have discovered one of your greatest impediments to getting what you want out of life.

除此之外，也请你想想：

1）你想要什么？

2）真实情况是怎样的？

3）如何应对？

希望你能头脑清晰地想一下，以得到你想要的东西。我写这本书就是为了实现这个目的。我只对你们提两个要求：

1）**要开放。

2）当我问到你想要什么，真实情况是怎样的，以及你想如何处理时，请诚实回答这些问题。

若你按我说的做了，我相信你能从书中受益良多。如果你做不到这些，就该想想为什么做不到，因为这样你就可能会发现阻碍自己成功的最大障碍了。

Part 1: The Importance of Principles 第一章原则的重要性

I believe that having principles that work is essential for getting what we want out of life. I also believe that to understand each other we have to understand each other’s principles.That is why I believe we need to talk about them.

我认为，掌握原则对于实现人生理想至关重要，我相信要想知己知彼，也必须了解彼此的处事原则。在我看来，这就是为什么原则问题值得一谈的原因。

We will begin by examining the following questions:

先来看看下面几个问题吧：

What are principles?

原则是什么？

Why are principles important?

原则为何重要？

Where do principles come from?

原则来自何处？

Do you have principles that you live your life by? What are they?

你生活中有恪守的原则么，都有哪些？

How well do you think they will work, and why?

这些原则你认为行之有效么，为什么？

Answer all questions with complete honesty, without worrying what I or others might think. That honesty will allow you to be comfortable living with your own principles, and to judge yourself by how consistently you operate by them. If you don’t have many well-thought-out principles, don’t worry. We will get there together, if we remain open-minded.

回答上述问题时，无需担忧我或别人会怎么想。坦诚回答就好，坦诚面对自己的处事原则才能与之和谐相处，才能判断自己的行为是否不违背原则。即使你没有太多深思熟虑的原则也没关系.请随我一起解放**，建立属于你自己的原则。

I wish everyone wrote down their principles. I wish I could read and compare the principles of all the people I’m interested in— Steve Jobs, Albert Einstein, people running for political office, people I share my life with, etc. I'd love to know what they value most and what principles they use to get what they want. Imagine how great that would be—e.g. imagine how much valuable fundamental thinking could be harnessed. I hope that my doing this will encourage others to do the same.

我希望大家都能写下自己的原则。我希望能够知道所有我感兴趣的人写下的原则是什么，像是史蒂夫·乔布斯，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，竞选从政之人，与我共度一生之人等，希望可以拿我的原则和他们的原则进行比较。我很想知道他们最珍视什么，实现梦想时都遵循什么原则。想一想都觉得棒极了，这汇总起来对我自己的思维该多有价值啊。我希望我写的原则能够鼓励其他人也将自己的原则写下来。

What are principles?
原则是什么？

Your values are what you consider important, literally what you “value.” Principles are what allow you to live a life consistent with those values. Principles connect your values to your actions; they are beacons that guide your actions, and help you successfully deal with the laws of reality. It is to your principles that you turn when you face hard choices.

价值观是你认为重要的、“有价值”的东西，而在生活中若想顺从自己的价值观，我们需要的就是原则。原则连接价值观与行动，它如指引行动的灯塔，帮你成功应对现实生活中的条条框框。当面临两难抉择之时，遵循原则就能迎刃而解。

2）Why are principles important?

2）原则为何重要？

All successful people operate by principles that help them be successful. Without principles, you would be forced to react to circumstances that come at you without considering what you value most and how to make choices to get what you want. This would prevent you from making the most of your life. While operating without principles is bad for individuals, it is even worse for groups of individuals (such as companies) because it leads to people randomly bumping into each other without understanding their own values and how to behave in order to be consistent with those values.

成功人士恪守帮助他们成功的一套原则。如果没有原则，那么当你面临抉择之时，你将变得非常被动，因为你不知道自己最珍视什么，面对选择也无从下手。如此一来，就更别谈实现人生价值了。个人处事没有原则已经很糟糕了，而集体（如公司）处事没有原则就更糟糕了，因为在这样的集体中，大家在根本不了解各自的价值观的情况下就凑到一起，行为处事也无法同各自的价值观相匹配。

3）Where do principles come from?

3）原则源自何处？

Sometimes we forge our own principles and sometimes we accept others’ principles, or holistic packages of principles, such as religion and legal systems. While it isn’t necessarily a bad thing to use others’ principles—it’s difficult to come up with your own, and often much wisdom has gone into those already created—adopting pre-packaged principles without much thoughtexposes you to the risk of inconsistency with your true values. Holding incompatibleprinciples can lead to conflict between values and actions—like the hypocrite who has claims to be of a religion yet behaves counter to its teachings. Your principles need to reflect values you really believe in.

我们时而锻造自己的处事原则，时而汲取学习他人的处事原则，或接受一整套的原则，譬如宗教信条或法律制度。用别人的原则也不见得就是坏事，毕竟要想出一套原则太费脑子了，而已创的原则历经千锤百炼也可能更靠谱。但不假思索就接受各种预先“打包”好的整套原则体系，结果很有可能这些原则会与自己最真实的价值观冲突，进而导致价值观与行为的矛盾碰撞。就像是一个伪君子一样，表面上声称信奉某宗教，行为上却与教义背道而驰。你的原则必须反应出你真正信奉的价值观。

Do you have principles that you live your life by? What are they?

4）你生活中有恪守的原则么，都有哪些原则？

Your principles will determine your standards of behavior. When you enter into relationships with other people, your and their principles will determine how you interact. People who have shared values and principles get along. People who don’t will suffer through constant misunderstandings and conflict with one another. Too often in relationships, people’s principles are unclear. Think about the people with whom you are closest. Are their values aligned with yours?

你的处事原则会决定你的行为标准，当你同他人初识时，你们各自恪守的原则将会决定你们的互动模式，若你们的价值观与原则能够达到共享，大家就相处愉快，否则在相处中就会面临持续不断的误解和冲突。人与人的关系中，人们所秉持的原则大都模糊不清。现在想想与你最为亲密的人，他们的价值观和你的一致么？

What do you value most deeply?

你内心最珍视是什么？

How well do you think they will work, and why?

5）这些原则你认为行之有效么，为什么？

Those principles that are most valuable come from our own experiences and our reflections on those experiences. Every time we face hard choices, we refine our principles by asking ourselves difficult questions. For example, when our representatives in Washington are investigating whether various segments of society are behaving ethically, they are simultaneously grappling with questions such as, “Should the government punish people for bad ethics, or should it just write and enforce the laws?” Questions of this kind—in this case, about the nature of government—prompt thoughtful assessments of alternative approaches. These assessments in turn lead to principles that can be applied to similar occasions in the future. As another example, “I won’t steal” can be a principle to which you refer when the choice of whether or not to steal arises. But to be most effective, each principle must be consistent with your values, and this consistency demands that you ask: Why? Is the reason you won’t steal because you feel empathy for your potential victim? Is it because you fear getting caught? By asking such questions, we refine our understanding, and the development of our principles becomes better aligned with our core values. To be successful, you must make correct, tough choices. You must be able to “cut off a leg to save a life,” both on an individual level and, if you lead people, on a group level. And to be a great leader, it is important to remember that you will have to make these choices by understanding and caring for your people, not by following them.

来自自身经历与反思的原则最有价值。每当面临两难抉择之际，我们会扪心自问，反复琢磨，在这样的过程中完善我们的原则。例如，当我们的华盛顿代表在调查社会各领域的行为道德情况时，其实他们也同时在纠结一些问题，譬如“面对道德败坏的行为，政府是该施以惩戒，还是仅仅立法施法呢？”这种问题涉及针对政府本质的讨论，会引起对于各种备选方案的评估。相应的，评估本身就形成了可适用于未来类似情况的原则。还有一个例子，如果你有这样一个原则，“我绝不会偷东西”，那当你面对偷或不偷的选择时，就会适用这一原则。然而如果想要使选择的过程更加高效，那么每一项原则就必须与个人的价值观一致。为了满足这种一致性，就不得不再问问自己：为什么不偷？不偷的理由是因为同情潜在的受害者吗？还是因为害怕被抓？只有问过了这些问题，我们才能更深入地了解自己。原则在不断发展中，会和我们的核心价值观越来越一致。想要成功，就必须做出正确的、艰难的选择。你必须要有壮士断腕的勇气，个人处事如此，在领导一个团队时，也是如此。如果想要成为一个成功的领导者，就必须谨记，选择需是本着对团队成员的理解和关心做出的，而不仅仅是为了顺应他们。

You have to answer these questions for yourself. What I hope for most is that you will carefully consider the principles we will be exploring in this document and try operating by them, as part of the process of discovering what works best for you. In time, the answers to these questions will evolve from “Ray’s principles” to “my principles,” and “Ray” will fade from the picture in much the same way as memories of your ski instructor or basketball coach fade after you have mastered the sport.

你必须亲自回答上述问题。我最希望看到的是，你能仔细思考本书中探索的各种原则，并尝试试用它们，从而发现什么最适合你。有一天，这些问题的答案都能通过“我的原则”而不再是“雷的原则”解答时，“雷的原则”悄然逝去，而属于你自己的“我的原则“跃然纸上。就像你学滑雪和打篮球一样，一旦你学会了，教练的影子也就逐渐退去了。

So, as I believe that adopting pre-packaged principles without much thought is risky, I am asking you to join me in thoughtfully discussing the principles that guide how we act. When considering each principle, please ask yourself, “Is it true?” While this particular document will always express just what I believe, other people will certainly have their own principles, and possibly even their own principles documents, and future managers of Bridgewater will work in their own ways to determine what principles Bridgewater will operate by. At most, this will remain as one reference of principles for people to consider when they are deciding what’s important and how to behave.

我认为不假思索地接受各种预先“打包”好的整套原则体系是有风险的。我邀请你同我一道仔细思考和探讨这些指导我们行为的原则。考虑每条原则时，请问自己“这是对的么？”这本书列的都是我自己信奉的原则，别人肯定也有他们自己的原则，甚至可能也会出一本他们自己的原则文件。桥水联合基金之后的每届老总也有他自己的处事方式，用来决定公司运营该遵循什么原则。我这本书里的原则，最多也就是当人们就重大事项或行为做决策时，可以作为一个参考的标准。