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qetag's Introduction

qetag

qetag 是一个计算文件在七牛云存储上的 hash 值(也是文件下载时的 etag 值)的实用程序。

七牛的 hash/etag 算法是公开的。算法大体如下:

  • 如果你能够确认文件 <= 4M,那么 hash = UrlsafeBase64([0x16, sha1(FileContent)])。也就是,文件的内容的sha1值(20个字节),前面加一个byte(值为0x16),构成 21 字节的二进制数据,然后对这 21 字节的数据做 urlsafe 的 base64 编码。
  • 如果文件 > 4M,则 hash = UrlsafeBase64([0x96, sha1([sha1(Block1), sha1(Block2), ...])]),其中 Block 是把文件内容切分为 4M 为单位的一个个块,也就是 BlockI = FileContent[I*4M:(I+1)*4M]

为何需要公开 hash/etag 算法?这个和 “消重” 问题有关,详细见:

为何在 sha1 值前面加一个byte的标记位(0x16或0x96)?

  • 0x16 = 22,而 2^22 = 4M。所以前面的 0x16 其实是文件按 4M 分块的意思。
  • 0x96 = 0x80 | 0x16。其中的 0x80 表示这个文件是大文件(有多个分块),hash 值也经过了2重的 sha1 计算。

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