spamaps / env_logger

A logging implementation for `log` which is configured via an environment variable.

env_logger

Implements a logger that can be configured via environment variables.

Usage

In libraries

env_logger makes sense when used in executables (binary projects). Libraries should use the log crate instead.

In executables

It must be added along with log to the project dependencies:

$ cargo add log env_logger

env_logger must be initialized as early as possible in the project. After it's initialized, you can use the log macros to do actual logging.

use log::info;

fn main() {
    env_logger::init();

    info!("starting up");

    // ...
}

Then when running the executable, specify a value for the RUST_LOG environment variable that corresponds with the log messages you want to show.

$ RUST_LOG=info ./main
[2018-11-03T06:09:06Z INFO  default] starting up

The letter case is not significant for the logging level names; e.g., debug, DEBUG, and dEbuG all represent the same logging level. Therefore, the previous example could also have been written this way, specifying the log level as INFO rather than as info:

$ RUST_LOG=INFO ./main
[2018-11-03T06:09:06Z INFO  default] starting up

So which form should you use? For consistency, our convention is to use lower case names. Where our docs do use other forms, they do so in the context of specific examples, so you won't be surprised if you see similar usage in the wild.

The log levels that may be specified correspond to the log::Level enum from the log crate. They are:

• error
• warn
• info
• debug
• trace

There is also a pseudo logging level, off, which may be specified to disable all logging for a given module or for the entire application. As with the logging levels, the letter case is not significant.

env_logger can be configured in other ways besides an environment variable. See the examples for more approaches.

In tests

Tests can use the env_logger crate to see log messages generated during that test:

[dependencies]
log = "0.4.0"

[dev-dependencies]
env_logger = "0.10.0"

fn add_one(num: i32) -> i32 {
    info!("add_one called with {}", num);
    num + 1
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use log::info;

    fn init() {
        let _ = env_logger::builder().is_test(true).try_init();
    }

    #[test]
    fn it_adds_one() {
        init();

        info!("can log from the test too");
        assert_eq!(3, add_one(2));
    }

    #[test]
    fn it_handles_negative_numbers() {
        init();

        info!("logging from another test");
        assert_eq!(-7, add_one(-8));
    }
}

Assuming the module under test is called my_lib, running the tests with the RUST_LOG filtering to info messages from this module looks like:

$ RUST_LOG=my_lib=info cargo test
     Running target/debug/my_lib-...

running 2 tests
[INFO my_lib::tests] logging from another test
[INFO my_lib] add_one called with -8
test tests::it_handles_negative_numbers ... ok
[INFO my_lib::tests] can log from the test too
[INFO my_lib] add_one called with 2
test tests::it_adds_one ... ok

test result: ok. 2 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured

Note that env_logger::try_init() needs to be called in each test in which you want to enable logging. Additionally, the default behavior of tests to run in parallel means that logging output may be interleaved with test output. Either run tests in a single thread by specifying RUST_TEST_THREADS=1 or by running one test by specifying its name as an argument to the test binaries as directed by the cargo test help docs:

$ RUST_LOG=my_lib=info cargo test it_adds_one
     Running target/debug/my_lib-...

running 1 test
[INFO my_lib::tests] can log from the test too
[INFO my_lib] add_one called with 2
test tests::it_adds_one ... ok

test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured

Configuring log target

By default, env_logger logs to stderr. If you want to log to stdout instead, you can use the Builder to change the log target:

use std::env;
use env_logger::{Builder, Target};

let mut builder = Builder::from_default_env();
builder.target(Target::Stdout);

builder.init();

Stability of the default format

The default format won't optimise for long-term stability, and explicitly makes no guarantees about the stability of its output across major, minor or patch version bumps during 0.x.

If you want to capture or interpret the output of env_logger programmatically then you should use a custom format.