This is a compiler for the little programming language called Iki. The compiler is a Node command line application. It’s intended to be useful for people teaching or learning about compiler writing — at least the front-end parts, since the backends are pretty trivial. Scanning and parsing are done with the help of the Ohm library.
iki.js [-a] [-o] [-i] [--target [x86|c|js]] filename
Options:
--help Show help [boolean]
--version Show version number [boolean]
-a show abstract syntax tree after parsing then stop [boolean]
-o do optimizations [boolean]
-i generate and show the intermediate code then stop [boolean]
--target generate code for x86, C, or JavaScript [default: "js"]
Iki is a very simple language; there are no functions; all variables are global. It’s statically typed, at least. Here’s a simple Iki program:
-- Not hello, world
var x: int;
x = 9 - 305 * 5; -- wow, assignment
while false or 1 == x loop
write -x, x / 3;
read x;
end;
A full language description is in the file grammar/iki.ohm.
We have some sample Iki programs in the docs/examples directory. Here’s simple.iki:
-- Not hello, world
var x: int;
while false or x <= 10 loop -- something to optimize
x = x + 1;
write x, x * x; -- oooh squares
end;
You can generate the abstract syntax tree with -a:
$ ./iki.js -a docs/examples/simple.iki
Program {
block:
Block {
statements:
[ VarDec { id: 'x', type: 'int' },
WhileStatement {
condition:
BinaryExp {
op: 'or',
left: BoolLit { value: false },
right:
BinaryExp { op: '<=', left: VarExp { name: 'x' }, right: IntLit { value: '10' } } },
body:
Block {
statements:
[ AssignmentStatement {
target: VarExp { name: 'x' },
source: BinaryExp { op: '+', left: VarExp { name: 'x' }, right: IntLit { value: '1' } } },
WriteStatement {
expressions:
[ VarExp { name: 'x' },
BinaryExp { op: '*', left: VarExp { name: 'x' }, right: VarExp { name: 'x' } } ] } ] } } ] } }
And the semantic graph with -i:
$ ./iki.js -i docs/examples/simple.iki
0 (Program) block=#1
1 (Block) statements=[#2,#4]
2 (VarDec) id='x' type=#3
3 (Type) name='int'
4 (WhileStatement) condition=#5 body=#11
5 (BinaryExp) op='or' left=#6 right=#8 type=#7
6 (BoolLit) value=false type=#7
7 (Type) name='Bool'
8 (BinaryExp) op='<=' left=#9 right=#10 type=#7
9 (VarExp) name='x' referent=#2 type=#3
10 (IntLit) value='10' type=#3
11 (Block) statements=[#12,#17]
12 (AssignmentStatement) target=#13 source=#14
13 (VarExp) name='x' referent=#2 type=#3
14 (BinaryExp) op='+' left=#15 right=#16 type=#3
15 (VarExp) name='x' referent=#2 type=#3
16 (IntLit) value='1' type=#3
17 (WriteStatement) expressions=[#18,#19]
18 (VarExp) name='x' referent=#2 type=#3
19 (BinaryExp) op='*' left=#20 right=#21 type=#3
20 (VarExp) name='x' referent=#2 type=#3
21 (VarExp) name='x' referent=#2 type=#3
To translate the program to JavaScript, use --target=js or no --target option at all:
$ ./iki.js docs/examples/simple.iki
(function () {
let x_1 = 0;
while ((false || (x_1 <= 10))) {
x_1 = (x_1 + 1);
console.log(x_1);
console.log((x_1 * x_1));
}
}());
You can translate to C with --target=c:
$ ./iki.js --target=c docs/examples/simple.iki
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
int main() {
int x_1 = 0;
while ((false || (x_1 <= 10))) {
x_1 = (x_1 + 1);
printf("%d\n", x_1);
printf("%d\n", (x_1 * x_1));
}
return 0;
}
The -o option optimizes:
And to x86 assembly with --target=x86. As of now, the generated assembly language only works on a Mac. Is your favorite platform missing? Implement it and send a pull request!
$ ./iki.js -o --target=x86 docs/examples/simple.iki
.globl _main
.text
_main:
push %rbp
L1:
movq _x_1(%rip), %rax
cmp $10, %rax
setle %al
movsbq %al, %rax
cmpq $0, %rax
je L2
movq _x_1(%rip), %rax
addq $1, %rax
mov %rax, _x_1(%rip)
mov _x_1(%rip), %rsi
lea WRITE(%rip), %rdi
xor %rax, %rax
call _printf
movq _x_1(%rip), %rax
imulq _x_1(%rip), %rax
mov %rax, %rsi
lea WRITE(%rip), %rdi
xor %rax, %rax
call _printf
jmp L1
L2:
pop %rbp
ret
.data
READ:
.ascii "%d\0\0"
WRITE:
.ascii "%d\n\0"
_x_1:
.quad 0
This is a pretty standard node.js application.
After cloning the repo, you should do the usual:
npm install
npm test
and you’re good to go.
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