schema-gen is a multi-language, interoperable, XML Schema code generator. The generated code allows reading, writing, manipulating, and transmitting data in the two most widely used industry formats: XML and JSON. Currently supported languages are Java 8, Kotlin 1, Swift 4 and Dart 2.1. The code is interoperable, meaning it's well suited for developing cross-language, mobile, client-server applications.
Producing concise, readable code is a top schema-gen priority, providing a high level of flexibility and configurability.
This software is written in Groovy and is packaged as a Gradle plugin.
Features: Generated POJOs contain Jackson annotations supporting reading and writing both JSON and XML documents. XML Schema restrictions are translated into Bean Validation 2.0 annotations. Equals, hashCode and toString methods are also generated to facilitate testing. See the java-gpx sample project.
Usage: The main entry point is com.javagen.schema.java.JavaGen which can be invoked directly or via the gradle plugin. By default, the generated code is placed in the src/main/java-gen folder to keep it separate from hand-written code.
Limitations: A limitation of the Java langauge is that it does not support the extension features of more recent languages, making it harder to maintain a clean separation between hand-written and generated code. You may be forced to put your business logic in the generated files with the downside being, if you ever have to regenerate, you'll have to manually merge your code back in.
Features: By leveraging data classes, Kotlin generated code is very concise. Classes contain Jackson annotations supporting reading and writing both JSON and XML documents. XML Schema restrictions are translated into Bean Validation 2.0 annotations. Extending generated code with business logic can be achieved using extensions. See the kotlin-gpx sample project.
Usage: The main entry point is com.javagen.schema.kotlin.KotlinGen which can be invoked directly or via the gradle plugin. By default, the generated code is placed in the src/main/kotlin-gen folder to keep it separate from hand-written code.
Limitations: The code generator attempts to create no-argument constructors by setting default values on every property, which in some cases can cause problems. To minimize unessasary annotations, the generated code requires Java 8 parameter name support. See the build.gradle and unit tests in kotlin-gpx for proper setup and configuration.
Features: schema-gen generates code utilizing the built-in Encodable and Decodable JSON support introduced in Swift 4. Extending generated code with business logic can be achieved using Extensions. See the swift-gpx sample project.
Usage: The main entry point is com.javagen.schema.swift.SwiftGen which can be invoked directly or via the gradle plugin. By default, the generated code is placed in the src/swift-gen folder to keep it separate from hand-written code.
Limitations: Swift only supports JSON serialization. Assuming you're server is written in Kotlin or Java, communication with a Swift client can utilize JSON, even if the documents are stored as XML, thanks to Jackson's support of both. However, given a good XMLEncoder, XML support should be straight forward to add. The author wrote saxy in Objective-C the last time around and it's somebody else's turn to do this for Swift ;-)
Features: schema-gen generates model code decorated with json_annotation JSON directives. Extending generated code with business logic can be achieved using Dart's part support.
Usage: The main entry point is com.javagen.schema.dart.DartGen which can be invoked directly or via the gradle plugin. By default, the generated code is placed in the lib folder.
Limitations: Dart only supports JSON serialization. Assuming you're server is written in Kotlin or Java, communication with a Dart client can utilize JSON, even if the documents are stored as XML, thanks to Jackson's support of both.
Note: currently not being supported.
schema-gen includes a Gradle Plugin which can be added to your gradle.build file by including it in your buildscript, and applying and configuring it:
buildscript {
repositories {
maven {
url "https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/"
}
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.javagen:schema-gen:0.9.1'
}
}
apply plugin: 'com.javagen.schema-gen'
schemaGen {
swift {
schemaURL = new URL('http://www.topografix.com/gpx/1/1/gpx.xsd')
}
}
To generate code use the gen task:
swift-gpx> gradle gen
To remove the generated code, use the genClean task:
swift-gpx> gradle genClean
To install the Gradle plugin locally, use the maven install task:
schema-gen> gradle install
A good starting point is to download the schema-gen-examples project, regenerate the code and run the tests:
schema-gen-examples> gradle genClean gen test
For code generator development work, you'll want to run the target language gen class (JavaGen, KotlinGen, SwiftGen) directly. There are three main launcher classes you can adpot for this purpose (JavaGenMain, KotlinGenMain, SwiftGenMain). If you place your project (say, java-atom) in the same parent directory as schema-gen, you can hard-code your configuration in the JavaGenMain class as follows:
class JavaGenMain extends JavaGen
{
def initAtom()
{
schemaURL = new URL('file:../java-atom/src/main/resources/atom.xsd')
srcDir = new File('../java-atom/src/main/java-gen')
packageName = 'org.w3.atom.java'
addSuffixToEnumClass = null
anyPropertyName = 'text'
}
JavaGenMain()
{
super()
initAtom()
}
static void main(String[] args) {
new JavaGenMain().gen()
}
}
Then you can point your IDE at JavaGenMain in the schema-gen project and the generated code will be put in your java-atom project. See schema-gen-examples/java-atom for working atom.xsd and xml.xsd files.
The code generator is designed to be highly customizable. In particular, how it names classes, properties, and enumerations is all encoded in configurable properties and lambdas. Here is a sampling of the properties that can be overridden in the Gen base class:
URL schemaURL = new URL('http://www.topografix.com/gpx/1/1/gpx.xsd')
File srcDir = new File('src/main/java-gen')
List<MVisitor> pipeline = []
PluralService pluralService = new PluralService()
def customPluralMappings = [:] //needed for irregular nouns: tooth->teeth, person->people
boolean useOptional = false //just effects Java code: Integer vs Optional<Integer>
String packageName = null
String addSuffixToEnumClass = 'Enum'
String removeSuffixFromType = 'Type'
String fileExtension = 'java'
Function<String,String> packageNameFunction = { ns -> packageName ?: ns ? GlobalFunctionsUtil.javaPackageFromNamespace(ns, true) : 'com.javagen.model' }
Function<String,String> enumNameFunction = { text -> GlobalFunctionsUtil.javaEnumName(text, false) }
Function<String,String> enumValueFunction = { text -> text }
Function<String,String> enumClassNameFunction = { text -> GlobalFunctionsUtil.enumClassName(text, addSuffixToEnumClass) }
Function<String,String> classNameFunction = { text -> GlobalFunctionsUtil.className(text, removeSuffixFromType) }
Function<String,String> propertyNameFunction = { text -> GlobalFunctionsUtil.legalJavaName(lowerCase(text)) }
Function<String,String> constantNameFunction = { text -> GlobalFunctionsUtil.javaConstName(text) }
Function<String,String> collectionNameFunction = { singular -> customPluralMappings[singular] ?: pluralService.toPlural(singular) }
Function<String,String> simpleXmlTypeToPropertyType
BiFunction<Gen,MClass,File> classOutputFileFunction = { gen,clazz -> new File(gen.srcDir, GlobalFunctionsUtil.pathFromPackage(clazz.fullName(),fileExtension))} //default works for Java
These properties can be set in the Gradle plugin for each of the target languages:
schemaGen {
kotlin {
srcDir = new File('../kotlin-gpx/src/main/kotlin')
}
swift{
srcDir = new File('../swift-gpx/src/swift-gen')
}
java {
srcDir = new File('src/main/java')
packageName = 'com.javagen.model'
}
}
Although the design went through three iterations and is now stable as of 2017, the code is still being cleaned up. It has yet to be tested against a wide variety of schemas, so issues should be expected when trying new schemas.
This code generator is not intended to support document-centric (versus data-centric) code like HTML. In particular, mixed content (mixed tags and text) is not well supported and will often be mapped to a single string property.
Currently, AttributeGroup are in-lined (i.e. expaned where they are referenced) and not mapped to a specific, re-usable entity (interface, class, trait, etc.)
Currently, Group elements are in-lined (i.e. expanded where they are referenced) and not mapped to a specific, re-usable entity (interface, class, trait, etc.)
Unions often consist of 2 or more TextOnlyTypes merged together with their attached restrictions. If these restrictions are all enumerations, the union of unique values will be modeled properly. However, in other cases - say mixing numeric and string values - you will get a warning and probably an incorrect mapping.
For developers wishing to extend this framework, here is a quick overview of how it's put together.
To simplify the schema-to-code translation process, the XML schema is normalized (references removed, etc.) as the first step in the code generation process. The results are stored in a Schema instance which tracks schema types (TestOnlyType, SimpleType and ComplextType), elements, attributes and other needed constructs. QNames support mixed namespace schemas.
The translation classes (JavaGen, KotlinGen, SwiftGen, etc.) walk the normalized schema and generate an abstract code model: MModule, MClass, MProperty, etc.
Code generation for supported third party libraries is handled via callback classes that typically set annotations and interfaces expected by the library. See KotlinJacksonCallback for an example.
An emitter exists for each supported language and takes the abstact model and converts it into the target computer langauge. See JavaEmitter as an example.
These do the grunt work of generating boiler-plate code for methods such as equals, hashCode and toString. The developer can simply add a method with the proper stereotype and the PreEmitter will generate the rest. See SwiftPreEmitter as an example.
Each langauge needs a type registry, specific to it's supported types along with how to translate these from XML schema types.
At the schema level, add suport for compositors (all, sequence, choice), support for substitutionGroup, add double and float types, and proper targetNamespace vs default namespace handling. Kotlin reserved words now handled properly. Java inheritance support added.
First release. Language support: Java, Kotlin and Swift 4. Tested XML schemas: GPX, Atom.
Pull requests are welcome! Professional support is available from the Outsource Cafe, Inc.
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