raamasamgin / lawd

An ontology for Linked Ancient World Data

LAWD

An ontology for Linked Ancient World Data

The goal of LAWD is to fill in the cracks between the data used and published by projects with a focus on the ancient world and the standard Linked Data vocablary schemes, like Dublin Core, the Open Annotation Collaboration, and CIDOC-CRM. LAWD will accomplish this by defining just enough new classes and properties to permit the semantic modeling of things like manuscript collation, relating provenance to geography, and prosopography.

namespace: http://lawd.info/ontology/

prefixes:

dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1 (Dublin Core Elements)

dct: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ (Dublin Core Terms)

crm: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/ (CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model)

geo: http://geovocab.org/spatial# (GeoVocab.org)

prov: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov# (PROV-O, the Provenance Ontology)

Modeling written works:

Classes

ConceptualWork

The idea of a work, which may have any number of written expressions (which may themselves have derivatives). Analogous to a Work in FRBR.

WrittenWork = crm:E33_Linguistic_Object

subclasses: AssembledWork, Edition, Translation, Hand

A written work (whether extant or not) that is a version of a ConceptualWork. Subclasses are AssembledWork, Edition, Translation, and Hand. A WrittenWork may be part of another WrittenWork (e.g. a manuscript written in multiple hands), it may embody one or more ConceptualWorks (e.g. a codex comprised of several works), and it may have one or more WrittenWorks as a source (e.g. an edition or translation that makes use of several versions).

Citation

subclasses: Siglum

A Citation models a bibliographic reference in long or short form that may be used to represent the thing it references (like an entry in a bibliography, for example). When the cited work is a Non Information Resource, a Citation may be used as the Information Resource analog for the cited work. A Siglum is a specialized citation used in the context of critical apparatus that uses a symbol to refer to a source, such as a manuscript.

Object Properties

embodies

Domain: WrittenWork Range: ConceptualWork

dct:source

used to indicate the source of a WrittenWork (which will be one or more WrittenWorks)

represents

Domain: Citation, Range: WrittenWork These relate Citations to WrittenWorks

Modeling Persons and Names

Classes

Agent = prov:Agent

subclasses: Person, Group, Deity

An Agent is an abstract entity which has agency or is considered capable of acting in some way. LAWD Agents are equivalent to PROV-O Agents.

Person = crm:E21_Person

Any person, whether real or fictional.

Group

Any group, association, family, etc. which may be referred to as a single entity.

Deity

Any god, divinity or other sacred being from myth or cult

Name

subclasses: PersonalName, PlaceName

An abstract name, which has one or more primary forms and any number of variant forms.

PersonalName

A name belonging to a lawd:Person

PlaceName

A name belonging to a lawd:Place

Object Properties

hasName

Range: Name Indicates that (e.g.) a Person or Place has a lawd:Name that is the range of the property.

Data Properties

primaryForm

Indicates the primary form of a Name

variantForm

Indicates a variant form of a Name

Modeling Evidence

Classes

prov:Activity

Observation

subclasses: EvidentiaryItem, TextReuse

An Observation is a scholarly assertion. There are two subclasses, dealing with the identification of evidence and the observation of textual reuse (e.g. quotation, summary, or allusion).

EvidentiaryItem

subclasses: Attestation

A superclass for types of evidence.

Attestation

An Attestation models a piece of evidence for something in a text (e.g. the mention of a person in a document). Typically it is the conjunction of a Citation and an entity like a name or person.

TextReuse

TextReuse models an instance where an author quotes, summarizes, alludes to, or otherwise re-uses language in a text that comes from another text.

An rdf:value property on an Attestation or TextReuse may be used to provide the text of, e.g., the attestation or reuse.

Object Properties

hasCitation

Indicates a Citation that refers to the source for an Attestation

hasAttestation

Indicates an Attestation providing evidence for a Name, Person, etc.

reuseFrom

Links from a TextReuse instance to a Citation of the work from which the reused text came.

reuseIn

Links from a TextReuse instance to a Citation of the work in which the reused text appears.

Modeling the relationship of artifacts to places

Classes

Place = crm:E27_Site = geo:Feature

Object Properties

origin

Range: Place The place where an artifact originated.

foundAt

Range: Place The place where an artifact was found.

where

Range: Place Generic location relation. Can be used when the nature of the connection to a place is unclear.

Modeling the relationship of artifacts to existing typologies

Object Properties

= crm:P2_has_type

Modeling collation and critical apparatus:

Classes

CollationItem

subclasses: EditorialComment, Reference

Models an alternate reading in a manuscript source, an editor's comment on a reading, or the observation that a reading has a parallel elsewhere.