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1. 概述
进程是具有一定独立功能的程序关于某个数据集合上的一次运行活动,进程是系统进行资源分配和调度的一个独立单位.
线程是进程的一个实体,是CPU调度和分派的基本单位,它是比进程更小的能独立运行的基本单位.线程自己基本上不拥有系统资源,只拥有一点在运行中必不可少的资源(如程序计数器,一组寄存器和栈),但是它可与同属一个进程的其他的线程共享进程所拥有的全部资源.
一个线程可以创建和撤销另一个线程;同一个进程中的多个线程之间可以并发执行.
相对进程而言,线程是一个更加接近于执行体的概念,它可以与同进程中的其他线程共享数据,但拥有自己的栈空间,拥有独立的执行序列。
在串行程序基础上引入线程和进程是为了提高程序的并发度,从而提高程序运行效率和响应时间。
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