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The way that a URL is processed may differ greatly, depending on whether it's an http/https URL, an ftp URL or a file URL. This should be encoded in its type, either as a singleton literal type, e.g. Url["http"] or as an erased type corresponding to the protocol, e.g. Url[Http].

There is a comprehensive test suite of URLs here which could be read as part of the tests.

Ipv4, Ipv6 and DomainName don't currently have a common interface.

This should be an opaque type.

A url"http://..." should be identified as a Url["http"], but currently it's not.

We should just be able to refer to Localhost.

IANA provides a list of services assigned to different ports. This list could be used (at compiletime) to look up a port number from its service name.

A hostname should consist of a sequence of DNS labels, rather than Text instances, and which have additional constraints on them.

Several kinds of errors have zero parameters, and do not provide any details.

This is available in the Java standard library.

This should support the a.b.c.d and a.b.c.d/e formats.

These should be two separate types, TcpPort and UdpPort.

These protocols also have port numbers and are registered in the IANA list of services.

The URL https:/foo/bar is considered valid, and I don't believe it should be.