prince-gh / linux

Get know all about Linux command

Linux

What is Linux?

• Open source operating system.
• Free to use.
• Open source code to modify.
• Kernel base OS.

History of Linux.

• Birthday 25^th Aug 1991.
• Developed by Lunus Toevalds.
• Major Component
  • Kernel
  • Environment
  • File Structure
• Purpose for fun 😊
• Mascot for Linux TUX(Penguin).

Distribution of Linux.

• Ubuntu
• Debian
• Red Hat
• Gentoo
• Fedora
• Linux Mint
• Oracle

Features of Linux

• Multiuser Capaiblity
• Multitasking
• Portability
• Security
• Live CD/USB
• Graphical user interface
• Application Support
• File System
• Open Source

Basic File system of Linux.

• /bin Basic program: All commands instruction/definition written in /bin directory eg: ls, cd, dir, etc.
• /sbin System program: that help OS to intract with other hardware are stored in /sbin directory eg: fdisk, sysetl, mkfs, etc.
• /etc Configuration files: when any software run in our system there all config; like port no, size, etc are stored in /etc directory.
• /temp Temporary files: Store data taht is reciently created and if user deleted and user want it again they get from /temp directory.
• /usr/bin Application: Other software that installed in system are stored in /usr/bin directory.
• /usr/share Application support and data files: if any software required extra files to run program that stored in /usr/share diractory.
• /home Personal directories or guest user.
• /root Admin directory.

Linux basic command.

• man: manual comment
• ls: List all the folders and files of a directory.
• ls -a: Shows all hidden floders.
• cd: change directory.
• cd ..:change directory to previous.
• pwd: Check current working directory.
• dir: Same as ls.
• mkdir: Create new directory.
• cp: Copy a file or folder.
• mv: Move a file or folder.
• rm: Remove a file or folder.
• sudo su: Grant root privileges - great Power comes from great responsibility.
• cat: Show content of a file.
• gedit: Edit the file.
• nano: Linux file editor.
• chmod: change directory permission.
• ./: Execute shell file.
• bash: Execute shell program.
• apt-get update:Info about new version of system software.
• apt-get upgrade: Download and install new version of software.
• apt-get install: To install new software in system.
• top: Showing Linux process.
• kill: Terminate process.
• w: User login activity.
• whoami: Display active user name.
• touch: Create empty file.

Multiple command in one line

• ;
• &&
• ||

Terminal Shortcuts

• Tab:Auto complete names.
• CTRL+C :Abort processing task.
• CTRL+L :Clear
• CTRL+D :EXIT
• CTRL+ALT+D :Minimize all terminal
• CTRL+U :Clear line
• CTRL+Z :Suspend for background
• CTRL+A :Point to starting point
• CTRL+Shift+C :Copy
• CTRL+Shift+V :Paste