MastermindI is a modified version of classic mastermind game where players compete to be the first to crack the code and open a lock box, using hints to guess the correct combination of three digits ranging from 1 to 5.
To compile this Leo program, run:
leo buildIn order to play mastermind, there must be two players with their own secrets that they have set for their opponent. Players will be represented by their Aleo address. You can use the provided player accounts or generate your own.
Player 1 (P1):
Private Key APrivateKey1zkpGKaJY47BXb6knSqmT3JZnBUEGBDFAWz2nMVSsjwYpJmm
View Key AViewKey1fSyEPXxfPFVgjL6qcM9izWRGrhSHKXyN3c64BNsAjnA6
Address aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy
Player 2 (P2):
Private Key APrivateKey1zkp86FNGdKxjgAdgQZ967bqBanjuHkAaoRe19RK24ZCGsHH
View Key AViewKey1hh6dvSEgeMdfseP4hfdbNYjX4grETwCuTbKnCftkpMwE
Address aleo1wyvu96dvv0auq9e4qme54kjuhzglyfcf576h0g3nrrmrmr0505pqd6wnrySave the keys and addresses. To execute the transition as P1, we have to set private key, view key and address in the of P1 in program.json as follows:
{
"program": "mastermindI.aleo",
"version": "0.0.0",
"description": "Play Mastermind",
"development": {
"private_key": "APrivateKey1zkpGKaJY47BXb6knSqmT3JZnBUEGBDFAWz2nMVSsjwYpJmm",
"view_key": "AViewKey1fSyEPXxfPFVgjL6qcM9izWRGrhSHKXyN3c64BNsAjnA6",
"address": "aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy"
},
"license": "MIT"
}Again to execute transition as P2, we have to set the keys of P2 in program.json as follows:
{
"program": "mastermindI.aleo",
"version": "0.0.0",
"description": "Play Mastermind",
"development": {
"private_key": "APrivateKey1zkpGKaJY47BXb6knSqmT3JZnBUEGBDFAWz2nMVSsjwYpJmm",
"view_key": "AViewKey1fSyEPXxfPFVgjL6qcM9izWRGrhSHKXyN3c64BNsAjnA6",
"address": "aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy"
},
"license": "MIT"
}To simplifiy things, we have created load_P1() and load_P2() functions that handles this switching between players in program.json.
First, Player 1 needs to think of a challenge combination to offer to player 2.
With the combination in mind, Player 1 can challenge Player 2.
Let's set the secret to 1-2-3 and blinding_factor to 1.
In actual game, blinding factor is a large random number.
Run
P1_SECRET='{first: 1u8, second: 2u8, third: 3u8, blinding_factor: 1field}'
leo run offer_game "${GAME_ID}" "${P1_SECRET}" "${P2_ADDR}"
Inputs
- GAME_ID is used to uniquely identify the game.
- P1_SECRET is a defined as a
secretstruct:struct secret { first: u8, second: u8, third: u8, blinding_factor: field, } - P2_ADDR is the address of the opponent P1 wants to challenge
We have limited the secret to the combination of three digits between 1 and 5. Since there is only a few combination, adversary may bruteforce through these to calculate the hash directly. To prevent this we have introduced the blinding_factor in the secret.
Output
➡️ Output
• {
owner: aleo1wyvu96dvv0auq9e4qme54kjuhzglyfcf576h0g3nrrmrmr0505pqd6wnry.private,
gates: 0u64.private,
game: {
id: 1field.private,
started: false.private,
finished: false.private
},
player_1: {
addr: aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy.private,
secret_hash: 4150411142742965853031818295656888588698558427018459831715669006349479301277field.private
},
player_2: {
addr: aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy.private,
secret_hash: 4150411142742965853031818295656888588698558427018459831715669006349479301277field.private
},
guess: {
first: 5u8.private,
second: 5u8.private,
third: 5u8.private
},
hits: 0u8.private,
blows: 0u8.private,
_nonce: 1820731671035474072612759968384267468381307900941538344954362882614616593008group.public
}
Leo ✅ Executed 'mastermindI.aleo/offer_game'
Notice that the owner of the output record is P2, yet, we have set both players to the as P1. We set player_2 as P2 only after P2 has accepted the game offer. Also, since there is no guess included, the guess has been set to 5-5-5 since this is an invalid guess (valid digits: 0-4) and is just a dummy guess. Similarly, hits and blows are both 0.
On recieving the game, P2 has two choices:
- Ignore the game offer
- Accept the game offer
We could have added a third choice, in which P2 could have rejected the offer. But rejecting offer will add overhead (proof generation and transaction cost) on P2 which might not make sense.
To accept the offer P2 can run leo run accept_game 'offer_move.record' P2_SECRET with the record P1 had created for P2. Let's set P2 secret to 0-4-3.
Run
P2_SECRET='{first: 0u8, second: 4u8, third: 3u8, blinding_factor: 1field}'
load_P2
leo run accept_game '{
owner: aleo1wyvu96dvv0auq9e4qme54kjuhzglyfcf576h0g3nrrmrmr0505pqd6wnry.private,
gates: 0u64.private,
game: {
id: 1field.private,
started: false.private,
finished: false.private
},
player_1: {
addr: aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy.private,
secret_hash: 4150411142742965853031818295656888588698558427018459831715669006349479301277field.private
},
player_2: {
addr: aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy.private,
secret_hash: 4150411142742965853031818295656888588698558427018459831715669006349479301277field.private
},
guess: {
first: 5u8.private,
second: 5u8.private,
third: 5u8.private
},
hits: 0u8.private,
blows: 0u8.private,
_nonce: 4304234582584161222006203195424646986785902330183375426776730527878554918531group.public
}' "${P2_SECRET}"
Output
➡️ Output
• {
owner: aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy.private,
gates: 0u64.private,
game: {
id: 1field.private,
started: false.private,
finished: false.private
},
player_1: {
addr: aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy.private,
secret_hash: 4150411142742965853031818295656888588698558427018459831715669006349479301277field.private
},
player_2: {
addr: aleo1wyvu96dvv0auq9e4qme54kjuhzglyfcf576h0g3nrrmrmr0505pqd6wnry.private,
secret_hash: 7408027298759572436229032800668706857653653501832695599177141981492741491812field.private
},
guess: {
first: 5u8.private,
second: 5u8.private,
third: 5u8.private
},
hits: 0u8.private,
blows: 0u8.private,
_nonce: 598953930398798284486982868041802868368192398524343250365566432132317794919group.public
}
Leo ✅ Executed 'mastermindI.aleo/accept_game' Now that P2 has accepted the game, only now player_1 is not same as player_2. P1 is now able to start the game by making the first guess.
P1 makes the first guess as 1-2-3 by running leo run play 'move.record' 'P1_FIRST_GUESS'
Run
load_P1
P1_FIRST_GUESS='{first: 1u8, second: 2u8, third: 3u8}'
leo run start_game '{
owner: aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy.private,
gates: 0u64.private,
game: {
id: 1field.private,
started: false.private,
finished: false.private
},
player_1: {
addr: aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy.private,
secret_hash: 4150411142742965853031818295656888588698558427018459831715669006349479301277field.private
},
player_2: {
addr: aleo1wyvu96dvv0auq9e4qme54kjuhzglyfcf576h0g3nrrmrmr0505pqd6wnry.private,
secret_hash: 7408027298759572436229032800668706857653653501832695599177141981492741491812field.private
},
guess: {
first: 5u8.private,
second: 5u8.private,
third: 5u8.private
},
hits: 0u8.private,
blows: 0u8.private,
_nonce: 187399225973057883148804049741506250315462706455897819382681563165650211777group.public
}' "${P1_FIRST_GUESS}"Output
➡️ Output
• {
owner: aleo1wyvu96dvv0auq9e4qme54kjuhzglyfcf576h0g3nrrmrmr0505pqd6wnry.private,
gates: 0u64.private,
game: {
id: 1field.private,
started: true.private,
finished: false.private
},
player_1: {
addr: aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy.private,
secret_hash: 4150411142742965853031818295656888588698558427018459831715669006349479301277field.private
},
player_2: {
addr: aleo1wyvu96dvv0auq9e4qme54kjuhzglyfcf576h0g3nrrmrmr0505pqd6wnry.private,
secret_hash: 7408027298759572436229032800668706857653653501832695599177141981492741491812field.private
},
guess: {
first: 1u8.private,
second: 2u8.private,
third: 3u8.private
},
hits: 0u8.private,
blows: 0u8.private,
_nonce: 6320783691355520315123864815731760025989783041248512995993333478226656173461group.public
}
Leo ✅ Executed 'mastermindI.aleo/start_game'Notice that the game: started is now true.
Now, P2 can play the game by making the first guess as 1-2-3. Run leo run play 'move.record' 'P2_SECRET' 'P2_FIRST_GUESS':
Run
load_P2
P2_FIRST_GUESS='{first: 1u8, second: 2u8, third: 3u8}'
leo run play '{
owner: aleo1wyvu96dvv0auq9e4qme54kjuhzglyfcf576h0g3nrrmrmr0505pqd6wnry.private,
gates: 0u64.private,
game: {
id: 1field.private,
started: true.private,
finished: false.private
},
player_1: {
addr: aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy.private,
secret_hash: 4150411142742965853031818295656888588698558427018459831715669006349479301277field.private
},
player_2: {
addr: aleo1wyvu96dvv0auq9e4qme54kjuhzglyfcf576h0g3nrrmrmr0505pqd6wnry.private,
secret_hash: 7408027298759572436229032800668706857653653501832695599177141981492741491812field.private
},
guess: {
first: 1u8.private,
second: 2u8.private,
third: 3u8.private
},
hits: 0u8.private,
blows: 0u8.private,
_nonce: 8149421582681812140272606675585073498037110677768117426632245107863646891256group.public
}' "${P2_SECRET}" "${P2_FIRST_GUESS}" > outputs/play1.moveOutputs
➡️ Output
• {
owner: aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy.private,
gates: 0u64.private,
game: {
id: 1field.private,
started: true.private,
finished: false.private
},
player_1: {
addr: aleo1wyvu96dvv0auq9e4qme54kjuhzglyfcf576h0g3nrrmrmr0505pqd6wnry.private,
secret_hash: 7408027298759572436229032800668706857653653501832695599177141981492741491812field.private
},
player_2: {
addr: aleo15g9c69urtdhvfml0vjl8px07txmxsy454urhgzk57szmcuttpqgq5cvcdy.private,
secret_hash: 4150411142742965853031818295656888588698558427018459831715669006349479301277field.private
},
guess: {
first: 1u8.private,
second: 2u8.private,
third: 3u8.private
},
hits: 1u8.private,
blows: 0u8.private,
_nonce: 4177857604129712866141049920372327240371870585773118922817285705846350050452group.public
}
Leo ✅ Executed 'mastermindI.aleo/play' Now, P1 can play the game by making the second guess. Again, P2 makes the second guess P1 makes the third guess Again, P2 makes the third guess and so on...
Play continues back and forth between Player 1 and Player 2.
When one player has a total of 14 flipped bits in their hits_and_misses component on their board_state record,
they have won the game.
A move record must be consumed in order to create the next move record. The owner of the move record changes with each play. Player A must spend a move record in order to create a move record containing their guesses, and that move record will be owned by Player B. Player B must spend that move record in order to create the next move record, which will belong to Player A.
Enforce constraints on valid moves, and force the player to give their opponent information about their opponent's previous move in order to continue playing
In order to give their next move to their opponent, a player must call the main.leo/play function, which takes the input as player's secret and opponent's guess from the move. The move record being created is then updated with the number of hits and blows for the opponent.
Right now, the way to check when a game has been won is to count the check hits and blows component. Once you have 3 hits, you've won the game.
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