nateradebaugh / unstated-next

200 bytes to never think about React state management libraries ever again

Unstated Next

200 bytes to never think about React state management libraries ever again

• React Hooks use them for all your state management.
• ~200 bytes min+gz.
• Familiar API just use React as intended.
• Minimal API it takes 5 minutes to learn.
• Written in TypeScript and will make it easier for you to type your React code.

But, the most important question: Is this better than Redux? Well...

• It's smaller. It's 40x smaller.
• It's faster. Componentize the problem of performance.
• It's easier to learn. You already will have to know React Hooks & Context, just use them, they rock.
• It's easier to integrate. Integrate one component at a time, and easily integrate with every React library.
• It's easier to test. Testing reducers is a waste of your time, make it easier to test your React components.
• It's easier to typecheck. Designed to make most of your types inferable.
• It's minimal. It's just React.

So you decide.

Install

npm install --save unstated-next

Example

import React, { useState } from "react"
import { createContainer } from "unstated-next"
import { render } from "react-dom"

function useCounter() {
  let [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  let decrement = () => setCount(count - 1)
  let increment = () => setCount(count - 1)
  return { count, decrement, increment }
}

let Counter = createContainer(useCounter)

function CounterDisplay() {
  let counter = Counter.useContainer()
  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={counter.decrement}>-</button>
      <span>{counter.count}</span>
      <button onClick={counter.increment}>+</button>
    </div>
  )
}

function App() {
  return (
    <Counter.Provider>
      <CounterDisplay />
      <CounterDisplay />
    </Counter.Provider>
  )
}

render(<App />, document.getElementById("root"))

API

createContainer(useHook)

import { createContainer } from "unstated-next"

function useCustomHook() {
  let [value, setInput] = useState()
  let onChange = e => setValue(e.currentTarget.value)
  return { value, onChange }
}

let Container = createContainer(useCustomHook)
// Container === { Provider, useContainer }

<Container.Provider>

function ParentComponent() {
  return (
    <Container.Provider>
      <ChildComponent />
    </Container.Provider>
  )
}

Container.useContainer()

function ChildComponent() {
  let input = Container.useContainer()
  return <input value={input.value} onChange={input.onChange} />
}

useContainer(Container)

import { useContainer } from "unstated-next"

function ChildComponent() {
  let input = useContainer(Container)
  return <input value={input.value} onChange={input.onChange} />
}

Guide

If you've never used React Hooks before, I recommend pausing and going to read through the excellent docs on the React site.

So with hooks you might create a component like this:

function CounterDisplay() {
  let [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  let decrement = () => setCount(count - 1)
  let increment = () => setCount(count + 1)
  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={decrement}>-</button>
      <p>You clicked {count} times</p>
      <button onClick={increment}>+</button>
    </div>
  )
}

Then if you want to share the logic behind the component, you could pull it out into a custom hook:

function useCounter() {
  let [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  let decrement = () => setCount(count - 1)
  let increment = () => setCount(count + 1)
  return { count, decrement, increment }
}

function CounterDisplay() {
  let counter = useCounter()
  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={counter.decrement}>-</button>
      <p>You clicked {counter.count} times</p>
      <button onClick={counter.increment}>+</button>
    </div>
  )
}

But what if you want to share the state in addition to the logic, what do you do?

This is where context comes into play:

function useCounter() {
  let [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  let decrement = () => setCount(count - 1)
  let increment = () => setCount(count + 1)
  return { count, decrement, increment }
}

let Counter = createContext(null)

function CounterDisplay() {
  let counter = useContext(Counter)
  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={counter.decrement}>-</button>
      <p>You clicked {counter.count} times</p>
      <button onClick={counter.increment}>+</button>
    </div>
  )
}

function App() {
  let counter = useCounter()
  return (
    <Counter.Provider value={counter}>
      <CounterDisplay />
      <CounterDisplay />
    </Counter.Provider>
  )
}

This is great, it's perfect, more people should write code like this.

But sometimes we all need a little bit more structure and intentional API design in order to get it consistently right.

By introducing the createContainer() function, you can think about your custom hooks as "containers" and have an API that's clear and prevents you from using it wrong.

import { createContainer } from "unstated-next"

function useCounter() {
  let [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  let decrement = () => setCount(count - 1)
  let increment = () => setCount(count + 1)
  return { count, decrement, increment }
}

let Counter = createContainer(useCounter)

function CounterDisplay() {
  let counter = Counter.useContainer()
  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={counter.decrement}>-</button>
      <p>You clicked {counter.count} times</p>
      <button onClick={counter.increment}>+</button>
    </div>
  )
}

function App() {
  return (
    <Counter.Provider>
      <CounterDisplay />
      <CounterDisplay />
    </Counter.Provider>
  )
}

Here's the diff of that change:

- import { createContext, useContext } from "react"
+ import { createContainer } from "unstated-next"

  function useCounter() {
    ...
  }

- let Counter = createContext(null)
+ let Counter = createContainer(useCounter)

  function CounterDisplay() {
-   let counter = useContext(Counter)
+   let counter = Counter.useContainer()
    return (
      <div>
        ...
      </div>
    )
  }

  function App() {
-   let counter = useCounter()
    return (
-     <Counter.Provider value={counter}>
+     <Counter.Provider>
        <CounterDisplay />
        <CounterDisplay />
      </Counter.Provider>
    )
  }

If you're using TypeScript (which I encourage to to learn more about if you are not), this also has the benefit of making TypeScript's built-in inference work better. As long as your custom hook is typed, then everything else will just work.

Tips

Tip #1: Composing Containers

Because we're just working with custom React hooks, we can compose containers inside of other hooks.

function useCounter() {
  let [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  let decrement = () => setCount(count - 1)
  let increment = () => setCount(count + 1)
  return { count, decrement, increment, setCount }
}

let Counter = createContainer(useCounter)

function useResettableCounter() {
  let counter = Counter.useContainer()
  let reset = () => counter.setCount(0)
  return { ...counter, reset }
}

Tip #2: Keeping Containers Small

This can be useful for keeping your containers small and focused. Which can be important if you want to code split the logic in your containers: Just move them to their own hooks and keep just the state in containers.

function useCount() {
  return useState(0)
}

let Count = createContainer(useCount)

function useCounter() {
  let [count, setCount] = Counter.useContainer()
  let decrement = () => setCount(count - 1)
  let increment = () => setCount(count + 1)
  let reset = () => setCount(0)
  return { count, decrement, increment, reset }
}

Tip #3: Optimizing components

There's no "optimizing" unstated-next to be done, all of the optimizations you might do would be standard React optimizations.

1) Optimizing expensive sub-trees by splitting the component apart

Before:

function CounterDisplay() {
  let counter = Counter.useContainer()
  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={counter.decrement}>-</button>
      <p>You clicked {counter.count} times</p>
      <button onClick={counter.increment}>+</button>
      <div>
        <div>
          <div>
            <div>SUPER EXPENSIVE RENDERING STUFF</div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

After:

function ExpensiveComponent() {
  return (
    <div>
      <div>
        <div>
          <div>SUPER EXPENSIVE RENDERING STUFF</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

function CounterDisplay() {
  let counter = Counter.useContainer()
  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={counter.decrement}>-</button>
      <p>You clicked {counter.count} times</p>
      <button onClick={counter.increment}>+</button>
      <ExpensiveComponent />
    </div>
  )
}

2) Optimizing expensive operations with useMemo()

Before:

function CounterDisplay(props) {
  let counter = Counter.useContainer()

  // Recalculating this every time `counter` changes is expensive
  let expensiveValue = expensiveComputation(props.input)

  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={counter.decrement}>-</button>
      <p>You clicked {counter.count} times</p>
      <button onClick={counter.increment}>+</button>
    </div>
  )
}

After:

function CounterDisplay(props) {
  let counter = Counter.useContainer()

  // Only recalculate this value when its inputs have changed
  let expensiveValue = useMemo(() => {
    return expensiveComputation(props.input)
  }, [props.input])

  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={counter.decrement}>-</button>
      <p>You clicked {counter.count} times</p>
      <button onClick={counter.increment}>+</button>
    </div>
  )
}

3) Reducing re-renders using React.memo() and useCallback()

Before:

function useCounter() {
  let [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  let decrement = () => setCount(count - 1)
  let increment = () => setCount(count + 1)
  return { count, decrement, increment }
}

let Counter = createContainer(useCounter)

function CounterDisplay(props) {
  let counter = Counter.useContainer()
  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={counter.decrement}>-</button>
      <p>You clicked {counter.count} times</p>
      <button onClick={counter.increment}>+</button>
    </div>
  )
}

After:

function useCounter() {
  let [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  let decrement = useCallback(() => setCount(count - 1), [count])
  let increment = useCallback(() => setCount(count + 1), [count])
  return { count, decrement, increment }
}

let Counter = createContainer(useCounter)

let CounterDisplayInner = React.memo(props => {
  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={props.decrement}>-</button>
      <p>You clicked {props.count} times</p>
      <button onClick={props.increment}>+</button>
    </div>
  )
})

function CounterDisplay(props) {
  let counter = Counter.useContainer()
  return <CounterDisplayInner {...counter} />
}