InSpec profile to validate the secure configuration of Amazon Web Services against CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark Version 2.0.0 - 06-28-2023
It is intended and recommended that InSpec and this profile be run from a "runner" host (such as a DevOps orchestration server, an administrative management system, or a developer's workstation/laptop) against the target remotely over AWS CLI.
For the best security of the runner, always install on the runner the latest version of InSpec and supporting Ruby language components.
The latest versions and installation options are available at the InSpec site.
This baseline also requires the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) which is available at the AWS CLI site (at least version 2.x).
The IAM account used to run this profile against the AWS environment needs to attached through a group or role with at least AWS IAM "ReadOnlyAccess" Managed Policy
You will need to ensure your AWS CLI environment has the right system environment variables set with your AWS region and credentials and session token to use the AWS CLI and InSpec resources in the AWS environment. InSpec supports the following standard AWS variables:
AWS_REGIONAWS_ACCESS_KEY_IDAWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEYAWS_SESSION_TOKEN(optional) - required if MFA is enabled
In any AWS MFA enabled environment, you will need to use derived credentials to use the CLI. Your default AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY will not satisfy the MFA Policies in AWS environments.
- The AWS documentation is here: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/sts/get-session-token.html
- The AWS profile documentation is here: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-multiple-profiles.html
- A useful bash script for automating this is here: https://gist.github.com/dinvlad/d1bc0a45419abc277eb86f2d1ce70625
To generate credentials using an AWS Profile you will need to use the following AWS CLI commands.
a. aws sts get-session-token --serial-number arn:aws:iam::<$YOUR-MFA-SERIAL> --token-code <$YOUR-CURRENT-MFA-TOKEN> --profile=<$YOUR-AWS-PROFILE>
b. Then export the AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY and AWS_SESSION_TOKEN that was generated by the above command.
This profile uses InSpec Inputs to make the tests more flexible. You are able to provide inputs at runtime either via the cli or via YAML files to help the profile work best in your deployment.
The inputs defined in the inspec.yml file are the shared inputs for the profile and defaults for the profile.
InSpec provides two (2) ways for the user to adjust the profiles inputs at run-time. Automated profiles frequently run from a script, inside a pipeline or some kind of task scheduler.
Such automation usually works by running the profile directly from its source (i.e. this repository), which means the runner will not have access to the inspec.yml.
- Via the cli with the
--inputflag - Pass them in a YAML file with the
--input-fileflag.
More information about InSpec inputs can be found in the InSpec Inputs Documentation.
You should review all the shared inputs in the inspec.yml file to know what inputs you can use to better direct how, what and where the profile tests your AWS environment.
An example my_inputs.yml file, recorded in YAML format, is given below, with comments to explain the purpose of each input and which controls it is used in (note that '[]' represents an empty list in YAML format).
# Flag to disable some of the longer-running controls (do not enable in production)
# controls disabled by this flag: 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.12, 1.14, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
disable_slow_controls: false
# Primary aws region (3.5, 5.2, 5.3)
default_aws_region: "us-east-1"
# Flag to force the profile to only test the default region in AWS -- useful if your entire environment is in one region
ignore_other_regions: false
# List of regions exempted from inspection (1.20, 4.16, 5.2)
exempt_regions:
- us-east-2
- us-west-2
- eu-central-1
- eu-west-1
- eu-west-2
- eu-west-3
- eu-north-1
- ap-south-1
- ap-southeast-2
- ap-southeast-1
- sa-east-1
- ca-central-1
- ap-northeast-1
- ap-northeast-2
- ap-northeast-3
# List of ports that you wish to exclude from validation (allow connections from these ports)
# (5.1, 5.2, 5.3)
exempt_ports:
- 3389
# List of protocols that you wish to exclude from validation (allow connections over these protocols)
# (Note that AWS uses '-1' to indicate ALL)
# (5.1, 5.2, 5.3)
exempt_protocols:
- 17
# List of KMS Keys exempted from inspection (3.8)
exempt_kms_keys:
- "kms_key_name"
- ...
# List of route table IDs exempted from inspection (5.5)
exempt_routes:
- "route_id"
- ...
# List of vpc IDs exempted from inspection (5.4)
exempt_vpcs:
- "vpc_id"
- ...
# List of S3 buckets exempted from inspection (2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.4, 3.3, 3.6)
exempt_buckets:
- "exception_bucket_name"
- ...
# If you only want to inspect a single S3 bucket, give its name here (2.1.1, 2.1.2)
single_bucket: ""
# List of EC2 instances exempted from inspection (5.6)
exempt_ec2s:
- "exception_ec2_name"
- ...
# List of EFS exempted from inspection (2.4.1)
exempt_efs:
- "exception_efs_name"
- ...
# If you only want to inspect a single EFS, give its name here (2.4.1)
single_efs: ""
# List of RDS DB identifiers exempted from inspection (2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3)
exempt_rds:
- "exception_rds_name"
- ...
# If you only want to inspect a single RDS DB, give its name here (2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3)
single_rds: ""
# Flag to ignore non-running EC2s during inspection
skip_stopped_ec2s: false
# List of security groups exempted from inspection (5.2, 5.3)
exempt_security_groups:
- "exception_security_group_name"
- ...
# List of ruby regex patterns to exempt from evaluation (5.2, 5.3)
exempt_sg_patterns:
- /exempt-sg/
- ...
# List of **documented service accounts** which are exempt from the MFA requirement (1.10)
service_account_mfa_exceptions:
- user1
- user2
- ...
# You can specify one single CloudTrail name to inspect instead of all of them (3.10, 3.11)
single_trail: []
# IDs of network ACLs to exempt from evaluation (5.1)
exempt_acl_ids: []
# Port ranges used in the environment for remote access management
# Can be given as a single integer or as a Ruby range with double-period syntax, ex 1..1024
# (5.1, 5.2, 5.3)
remote_management_port_ranges:
- 22
# Protocols used in the environment for remote access management (5.1, 5.2)
# (Note that AWS defines '-1' as equivalent to ALL)
remote_management_protocols:
- 17
- -1
# Config service list and settings in all relevant regions (3.5)
# (Note that this value can be found by running the `generate_inputs.rb` script)
config_delivery_channels:
us-east-1:
s3_bucket_name: "s3_bucket_name_value"
sns_topic_arn: "sns_topic_arn_value"
us-east-2:
s3_bucket_name: "s3_bucket_name_value"
sns_topic_arn: "sns_topic_arn_value"
us-west-1:
s3_bucket_name: "s3_bucket_name_value"
sns_topic_arn: "sns_topic_arn_value"
us-west-2:
s3_bucket_name: "s3_bucket_name_value"
sns_topic_arn: "sns_topic_arn_value"
# Email and Phone number of primary PoC for this AWS environment (1.1)
primary_contact:
phone_number: "555-857-6309"
email_address: "[email protected]"
# Email and Phone number of security PoC for this AWS environment (1.2)
security_contact:
phone_number: "555-857-6309"
email_address: "[email protected]"
# The last data on which the root account should have logged in, given in YYYYMMDD (1.7)
last_root_login_date: 20231201
# If your environment is monitoring stored data via a tool OTHER THAN AWS Macie, specify its name here (2.1.3)
third_party_data_management_tool: ""
# If your environment is monitoring API call via tools OTHER THAN AWS CloudTrail and Cloudwatch, specify its name here (4.14, 4.15)
third_party_api_monitoring_tool: ""| Status | Reviewed | Recommendation | Uses Input |
|---|---|---|---|
| Done | Yes | 1.1 | primary_contact |
| Done | Yes | 1.2 | security_contact |
| Manual | Yes | 1.3 | None |
| Done | Yes | 1.4 | disable_slow_controls |
| Done | Yes | 1.5 | disable_slow_controls |
| Done | Yes | 1.6 | disable_slow_controls |
| Done | Yes | 1.7 | disable_slow_controls last_root_login_date |
| Done | Yes | 1.8 | None |
| Done | Yes | 1.9 | None |
| Done | Yes | 1.10 | service_account_mfa_exceptions |
| Done | Yes | 1.11 | None |
| Done | Yes | 1.12 | disable_slow_controls |
| Done | Yes | 1.13 | None |
| Done | Yes | 1.14 | disable_slow_controls |
| Done | Yes | 1.15 | None |
| Done | Yes | 1.16 | None |
| Done | Yes | 1.17 | None |
| Done | Yes | 1.18 | None |
| Done | Yes | 1.19 | None |
| Done | Yes | 1.20 | exempt_regions |
| Manual | Yes | 1.21 | None |
| Done | Yes | 1.22 | None |
| Done | Yes | 2.1.1 | exempt_buckets single_bucket |
| Done | Yes | 2.1.2 | exempt_buckets single_bucket |
| Manual | Yes | 2.1.3 | third_party_management_tool |
| Done | Yes | 2.1.4 | exempt_buckets |
| Done | Yes | 2.2.1 | None |
| Done | Yes | 2.3.1 | exempt_rds single_rds |
| Done | Yes | 2.3.2 | exempt_rds single_rds |
| Done | Yes | 2.3.3 | exempt_rds single_rds |
| Done | Yes | 2.4.1 | exempt_efs single_efs |
| Done | Yes | 3.1 | None |
| Done | Yes | 3.2 | None |
| Done | Yes | 3.3 | None |
| Done | Yes | 3.4 | None |
| Done | Yes | 3.5 | config_delivery_channels |
| Done | Yes | 3.6 | exempt_buckets |
| Done | Yes | 3.7 | None |
| Done | Yes | 3.8 | exempt_kms_keys |
| Done | Yes | 3.9 | None |
| Done | Yes | 3.10 | single_trail |
| Done | Yes | 3.11 | single_trail |
| Done | Yes | 4.1 | None |
| Done | Yes | 4.2 | None |
| Done | Yes | 4.3 | None |
| Done | Yes | 4.4 | None |
| Done | Yes | 4.5 | None |
| Done | Yes | 4.6 | None |
| Done | Yes | 4.7 | None |
| Done | Yes | 4.8 | None |
| Done | Yes | 4.9 | None |
| Done | Yes | 4.10 | None |
| Done | Yes | 4.11 | None |
| Done | Yes | 4.12 | None |
| Done | Yes | 4.13 | None |
| Done | Yes | 4.14 | third_party_api_monitoring_tool |
| Done | Yes | 4.15 | third_party_api_monitoring_tool |
| Done | Yes | 4.16 | exempt_regions |
| No | Yes | 5.1 | disable_slow_controls remote_management_port_ranges exempt_ports exempt_protocols remote_management_protocols exempt_acl_ids |
| Done | Yes | 5.2 | disable_slow_controls default_aws_region ignore_other_regions exempt_regions remote_management_port_ranges exempt_ports exempt_protocols remote_management_protocols exempt_security_groups exempt_sg_patterns |
| Done | Yes | 5.3 | disable_slow_controls default_aws_region ignore_other_regions exempt_regions remote_management_port_ranges exempt_ports exempt_protocols remote_management_protocols exempt_security_groups exempt_sg_patterns |
| Done | Yes | 5.4 | exempt_vpcs |
| Done | Yes | 5.5 | exempt_routes |
| Done | Yes | 5.6 | skip_stopped_ec2 exempt_ec2s |
Note that not all controls in the CIS Benchmarks can be done automatically. This profile will mark the output of those controls as "skipped." Be sure to manually review any skipped controls, and if desired, use the MITRE SAF CLI's Attestation feature to save your manual attestations into the same file as your automated test results.
The repo includes a script : generate_inputs.rb to generate part of the inputs required for the profile.
The script will inspect the avalible aws regions for the AWS Account running the profile to generate the following input to STDOUT.
- config_delivery_channels
You should add this data to your my_inputs.yml and
# Set required ENV variables
$ export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=key-id
$ export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=access-key
$ export AWS_SESSION_TOKEN=session_token
$ export AWS_REGION=us-west-1
# Run the `generate_inputs.rb`
$ ruby generate_inputs.rb
# The generated inputs __must be reviewed carefully__.
# Only __valid__ channels should be placed in the inputs.yml file.
# How to run
bundle exec inspec exec https://github.com/mitre/aws-foundations-cis-baseline --target aws:// --input-file=<./path/my_inpupts.yml> --reporter=cli json:<path/name_of_your_output_file.json>Please review the following documentation
If your runner is not always expected to have direct access to the network, use the following steps to create an archive bundle of this baseline and all of its dependent tests:
(Git is required to clone the InSpec profile using the instructions below. Git can be downloaded from the Git site.)
When the "runner" host uses this profile baseline for the first time, follow these steps:
mkdir profiles
cd profiles
git clone https://github.com/mitre/aws-foundations-cis-baseline
bundle install ( or update if you have already done an install )
bundle exec inspec archive aws-foundations-cis-baseline
bundle exec inspec exec <name of generated archive> --target aws:// --input-file=<path/my_inputs.yml> --reporter=cli json:<path/name_of_your_output_file.json>For every successive run, follow these steps to always have the latest version of this baseline:
cd aws-foundations-cis-baseline
git pull
cd ..
bundle install
bundle exec inspec archive aws-foundations-cis-baseline --overwrite
bundle exec inspec exec <name of generated archive> --target aws:// --input-file=<path_to_your_inputs_file/name_of_your_inputs_file.yml> --reporter=cli json:<path_to_your_output_file/name_of_your_output_file.json>The JSON results output file can be loaded into heimdall-lite for a user-interactive, graphical view of the InSpec results.
The JSON InSpec results file may also be loaded into a full heimdall server, allowing for additional functionality such as to store and compare multiple profile runs.
- Aaron Lippold - aaronlippold
- Will Dower - wdower
- Shivani Karikar - karikarshivani
- Eugene Aronne - ejaronne
© 2018-2023 The MITRE Corporation.
Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. Case Number 18-3678.
MITRE hereby grants express written permission to use, reproduce, distribute, modify, and otherwise leverage this software to the extent permitted by the licensed terms provided in the LICENSE.md file included with this project.
This software was produced for the U. S. Government under Contract Number HHSM-500-2012-00008I, and is subject to Federal Acquisition Regulation Clause 52.227-14, Rights in Data-General.
No other use other than that granted to the U. S. Government, or to those acting on behalf of the U. S. Government under that Clause is authorized without the express written permission of The MITRE Corporation.
For further information, please contact The MITRE Corporation, Contracts Management Office, 7515 Colshire Drive, McLean, VA 22102-7539, (703) 983-6000.
CIS Benchmarks are published by the Center for Internet Security (CIS), see: https://www.cisecurity.org/.
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