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dsc-introduction-pandas-etl-notredame-se-ds-preview's Introduction

Introduction - Pandas ETL

Introduction

In this section, you will learn invaluable skills that will form the foundation of your data processing work. Before you can apply machine learning algorithms or do interesting analysis, you often must clean and transform your data into a suitable format. Such initial data wrangling processes are often refered to as Extract Transform Load (ETL). Our primary tool of choice for performing ETL and basic analyses will be the Pandas package.

Objectives

You will be able to:

  • Apply functions to columns to extract pertinent information
  • Group datasets by categories or features
  • Find duplicate data
  • Remove duplicate data
  • Create pivot tables

Why ETL?

ETL is an essential first step to data analysis and data science. It also will form the foundation for exploratory data analysis. Often, you will be thrown a dataset that you have little to no information about. In these cases, your first step is to explore the data and get familiar with it. What are the columns? How many observations do you have? Are there missing values? If we have user level data, how can we explore aggregate trends along features like gender, race, or geography? All of these can be answered by applying ETL to transform raw datasets into alternative useful views.

Quick ETL Examples

While you'll see complete examples and explanations for all of these techniques (and more), here's a quick preview of some ETL techniques covered in this section! For more details, continue on to future lessons!

Reading in Data

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv('Yelp_Reviews.csv')
df.head()
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Unnamed: 0 business_id cool date funny review_id stars text useful user_id
0 1 pomGBqfbxcqPv14c3XH-ZQ 0 2012-11-13 0 dDl8zu1vWPdKGihJrwQbpw 5 I love this place! My fiance And I go here atl... 0 msQe1u7Z_XuqjGoqhB0J5g
1 2 jtQARsP6P-LbkyjbO1qNGg 1 2014-10-23 1 LZp4UX5zK3e-c5ZGSeo3kA 1 Terrible. Dry corn bread. Rib tips were all fa... 3 msQe1u7Z_XuqjGoqhB0J5g
2 4 Ums3gaP2qM3W1XcA5r6SsQ 0 2014-09-05 0 jsDu6QEJHbwP2Blom1PLCA 5 Delicious healthy food. The steak is amazing. ... 0 msQe1u7Z_XuqjGoqhB0J5g
3 5 vgfcTvK81oD4r50NMjU2Ag 0 2011-02-25 0 pfavA0hr3nyqO61oupj-lA 1 This place sucks. The customer service is horr... 2 msQe1u7Z_XuqjGoqhB0J5g
4 10 yFumR3CWzpfvTH2FCthvVw 0 2016-06-15 0 STiFMww2z31siPY7BWNC2g 5 I have been an Emerald Club member for a numbe... 0 TlvV-xJhmh7LCwJYXkV-cg

Appling Functions

df['Review_Word_Length'] = df.text.map(lambda x: len(x.split()))
df.head()
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Unnamed: 0 business_id cool date funny review_id stars text useful user_id Review_Word_Length
0 1 pomGBqfbxcqPv14c3XH-ZQ 0 2012-11-13 0 dDl8zu1vWPdKGihJrwQbpw 5 I love this place! My fiance And I go here atl... 0 msQe1u7Z_XuqjGoqhB0J5g 58
1 2 jtQARsP6P-LbkyjbO1qNGg 1 2014-10-23 1 LZp4UX5zK3e-c5ZGSeo3kA 1 Terrible. Dry corn bread. Rib tips were all fa... 3 msQe1u7Z_XuqjGoqhB0J5g 30
2 4 Ums3gaP2qM3W1XcA5r6SsQ 0 2014-09-05 0 jsDu6QEJHbwP2Blom1PLCA 5 Delicious healthy food. The steak is amazing. ... 0 msQe1u7Z_XuqjGoqhB0J5g 30
3 5 vgfcTvK81oD4r50NMjU2Ag 0 2011-02-25 0 pfavA0hr3nyqO61oupj-lA 1 This place sucks. The customer service is horr... 2 msQe1u7Z_XuqjGoqhB0J5g 82
4 10 yFumR3CWzpfvTH2FCthvVw 0 2016-06-15 0 STiFMww2z31siPY7BWNC2g 5 I have been an Emerald Club member for a numbe... 0 TlvV-xJhmh7LCwJYXkV-cg 32

Grouping Data

df.groupby('business_id')['stars'].mean().head()
business_id
-050d_XIor1NpCuWkbIVaQ    5.0
-0qht1roIqleKiQkBLDkbw    1.0
-3zffZUHoY8bQjGfPSoBKQ    5.0
-6tvduBzjLI1ISfs3F_qTg    5.0
-9nai28tnoylwViuJVrYEQ    5.0
Name: stars, dtype: float64

Checking for Duplicates

#Use the keep=False to keep the duplicates and sort values to put duplicates next to each other
df[df.duplicated(keep=False)].sort_values(by='business_id')
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Unnamed: 0 business_id cool date funny review_id stars text useful user_id Review_Word_Length
2232 1729 -GY2fx-8udXPY8qn2HVBCg 0 2016-08-30 0 yQ6P1_CvM94wMLYw1T0UWA 5 Just opened a new account today. So far I am ... 1 sZfZGrI592euyacKUcwQYg 55
473 1729 -GY2fx-8udXPY8qn2HVBCg 0 2016-08-30 0 yQ6P1_CvM94wMLYw1T0UWA 5 Just opened a new account today. So far I am ... 1 sZfZGrI592euyacKUcwQYg 55
1690 754 -LRlx2j9_LB3evsRRcC9MA 0 2017-10-07 0 kUqPsZmWwLIMSstGHhWssA 5 The vet took the time to explain what was poss... 0 VgaYZ7004pTwEDSDWR6u4Q 33
222 754 -LRlx2j9_LB3evsRRcC9MA 0 2017-10-07 0 kUqPsZmWwLIMSstGHhWssA 5 The vet took the time to explain what was poss... 0 VgaYZ7004pTwEDSDWR6u4Q 33
811 2767 -MKWJZnMjSit406AUKf7Pg 0 2015-01-03 2 rJhrQD3-b9GjTso0dxIkwg 1 Drove 37 miles on a Saturday at 12:30pm for lu... 0 kzP96uX8TUMmmvLtd-I3RQ 18
2358 2767 -MKWJZnMjSit406AUKf7Pg 0 2015-01-03 2 rJhrQD3-b9GjTso0dxIkwg 1 Drove 37 miles on a Saturday at 12:30pm for lu... 0 kzP96uX8TUMmmvLtd-I3RQ 18
898 3126 -eIvRc3aEvufstBumpBTPQ 0 2015-07-02 0 rn49y5dm_3sRZ5_LrODFLA 5 After going to several physio clinics over the... 0 uK0LdXjF93PuPzVgo-Jsgg 95
2588 3126 -eIvRc3aEvufstBumpBTPQ 0 2015-07-02 0 rn49y5dm_3sRZ5_LrODFLA 5 After going to several physio clinics over the... 0 uK0LdXjF93PuPzVgo-Jsgg 95
2074 2092 -lJtyCOTVInWusU9YF120A 0 2015-11-08 0 qFNtxmCldq0bUoRF1OdpQA 5 One of our favorite Italian restaurants. Fabul... 0 Ac3vNCPDwirpxSkIwtcvVA 27
594 2092 -lJtyCOTVInWusU9YF120A 0 2015-11-08 0 qFNtxmCldq0bUoRF1OdpQA 5 One of our favorite Italian restaurants. Fabul... 0 Ac3vNCPDwirpxSkIwtcvVA 27
467 1707 01fuY2NNscttoTxOYbuZXw 0 2016-07-08 0 TUFmvhAynUbjSbOJa79sRw 5 Loved the food! Atmosphere funky and artsy. St... 0 MejkKZgdUNfekUoNO1QJOA 45
1489 1707 01fuY2NNscttoTxOYbuZXw 0 2016-07-08 0 TUFmvhAynUbjSbOJa79sRw 5 Loved the food! Atmosphere funky and artsy. St... 0 MejkKZgdUNfekUoNO1QJOA 45
1473 1527 04u-szAykldu-caSDHQaKA 0 2012-02-09 0 VkEeSwaqHgp6VFeANMoFow 4 I have been looking for a good Chinese restrai... 0 iNSL4q8MUvZ1ItVGboPpbQ 19
398 1527 04u-szAykldu-caSDHQaKA 0 2012-02-09 0 VkEeSwaqHgp6VFeANMoFow 4 I have been looking for a good Chinese restrai... 0 iNSL4q8MUvZ1ItVGboPpbQ 19
2012 744 07F9bkUm3cs83CzGvTi0TA 1 2015-03-15 0 wgr_hOfIWlXR-glOC-qKYQ 5 Kudos to Charlotte Motor Speedway!! They took ... 1 Cxv3SNudPrCavvHJfIbwhQ 384
215 744 07F9bkUm3cs83CzGvTi0TA 1 2015-03-15 0 wgr_hOfIWlXR-glOC-qKYQ 5 Kudos to Charlotte Motor Speedway!! They took ... 1 Cxv3SNudPrCavvHJfIbwhQ 384
2520 2202 0QBFtNNj9RIggZGeivcbEg 0 2013-07-23 0 6bzlzJj3jrbWSnXtv80D_A 5 Great food and service. Spinach enchiladas are... 0 VTjCebjbadCMAGRoXvs7Zw 13
629 2202 0QBFtNNj9RIggZGeivcbEg 0 2013-07-23 0 6bzlzJj3jrbWSnXtv80D_A 5 Great food and service. Spinach enchiladas are... 0 VTjCebjbadCMAGRoXvs7Zw 13
871 3004 0bbWKI1lA-bmEeeWOrDmSA 0 2015-11-12 0 71xNE0qpjhgEz44PgbfIDA 3 It's an ok place. Quantities are greater than ... 0 hjHrV1WzO8RDRYJ-ep2OZA 64
2192 3004 0bbWKI1lA-bmEeeWOrDmSA 0 2015-11-12 0 71xNE0qpjhgEz44PgbfIDA 3 It's an ok place. Quantities are greater than ... 0 hjHrV1WzO8RDRYJ-ep2OZA 64
1992 3243 0dFOy1BeJWuYTyIsi-gAqw 0 2015-05-10 1 ed8to80UuSExhgfJOyWphQ 1 Well I had to give a star because required. Th... 1 dOsSS5r_YXViQznl6EvXlg 42
940 3243 0dFOy1BeJWuYTyIsi-gAqw 0 2015-05-10 1 ed8to80UuSExhgfJOyWphQ 1 Well I had to give a star because required. Th... 1 dOsSS5r_YXViQznl6EvXlg 42
859 2953 0yAJCh0TBZcnZkdZWZ6bVQ 0 2016-01-18 0 qrzJrDPyfqP7djhb6sxb3A 4 i've been going for over a year. great service... 0 Y5DIwt-653VndVu53ATpLQ 37
1435 2953 0yAJCh0TBZcnZkdZWZ6bVQ 0 2016-01-18 0 qrzJrDPyfqP7djhb6sxb3A 4 i've been going for over a year. great service... 0 Y5DIwt-653VndVu53ATpLQ 37
1538 4134 19VNsxhnPZ11zc0KBauonQ 0 2015-02-03 0 iXEO9493AVcDZmOkGJpIgw 1 worst customer service.Mainly the manager Matt... 1 z7dWikbkqL7NelG4JeSt4g 20
1169 4134 19VNsxhnPZ11zc0KBauonQ 0 2015-02-03 0 iXEO9493AVcDZmOkGJpIgw 1 worst customer service.Mainly the manager Matt... 1 z7dWikbkqL7NelG4JeSt4g 20
1678 3132 1ForN8iXqYZ_dZZcOkvVeA 0 2014-03-29 0 9vEk6nrlA8fcej0SsbD3gA 5 This was the cutest little diner I have ever b... 1 ZcgHNMGUKp-J9hRqgoDx6A 34
903 3132 1ForN8iXqYZ_dZZcOkvVeA 0 2014-03-29 0 9vEk6nrlA8fcej0SsbD3gA 5 This was the cutest little diner I have ever b... 1 ZcgHNMGUKp-J9hRqgoDx6A 34
1316 4652 1HnYxHZw2icWQ7-T4AmQ0Q 0 2017-06-18 0 fekMspN8qzJtai03tCUUvQ 5 Awesome place!!! Love that they have old style... 0 vuJ39vRaVZTgkT6I4L1jjA 24
1536 4652 1HnYxHZw2icWQ7-T4AmQ0Q 0 2017-06-18 0 fekMspN8qzJtai03tCUUvQ 5 Awesome place!!! Love that they have old style... 0 vuJ39vRaVZTgkT6I4L1jjA 24
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
1077 3776 wkChwNgC7YSc8KZgXiGT0Q 1 2016-09-12 0 9n1T-wVxsfQZbQ3cdRf46A 5 Magnificent views at sunset. Excellent appetiz... 1 ceIxPqfjhZbMdht4tGk7TQ 22
2452 3776 wkChwNgC7YSc8KZgXiGT0Q 1 2016-09-12 0 9n1T-wVxsfQZbQ3cdRf46A 5 Magnificent views at sunset. Excellent appetiz... 1 ceIxPqfjhZbMdht4tGk7TQ 22
2311 1777 wke61EJKd1Yw6q1BR1npZw 0 2014-07-23 0 B03DD42snaOU-mbDtntohw 5 Now this is a great bar! Bartenders were perso... 0 9zVMFFM_J51ZaS2wMzPziA 49
482 1777 wke61EJKd1Yw6q1BR1npZw 0 2014-07-23 0 B03DD42snaOU-mbDtntohw 5 Now this is a great bar! Bartenders were perso... 0 9zVMFFM_J51ZaS2wMzPziA 49
2330 3749 x5iQFVJkFl7fSXC6uVjwPw 0 2012-06-18 1 6qTtineIwJXZHVDmHtKDZg 1 We just moved to Mesa and were happy to hear a... 3 fOCV2evqdjDpfI-6ULvr5Q 97
1064 3749 x5iQFVJkFl7fSXC6uVjwPw 0 2012-06-18 1 6qTtineIwJXZHVDmHtKDZg 1 We just moved to Mesa and were happy to hear a... 3 fOCV2evqdjDpfI-6ULvr5Q 97
1430 2894 xVEtGucSRLk5pxxN0t4i6g 1 2009-06-09 0 9bfnqemozlvKzbmc8gbItw 5 The best piece of meat I have ever had!!! This... 1 r2hoX58seF3kwP-U2W__QA 59
845 2894 xVEtGucSRLk5pxxN0t4i6g 1 2009-06-09 0 9bfnqemozlvKzbmc8gbItw 5 The best piece of meat I have ever had!!! This... 1 r2hoX58seF3kwP-U2W__QA 59
556 1985 xkiYAerQQXL25legNhVsSw 0 2015-04-26 0 cIyDRhWeHtZ_pDQBe4sG8Q 4 The pizza was ok and the chips as an appetizer... 0 zdG-3ABz7-mv1P3cs2_Rfg 23
1943 1985 xkiYAerQQXL25legNhVsSw 0 2015-04-26 0 cIyDRhWeHtZ_pDQBe4sG8Q 4 The pizza was ok and the chips as an appetizer... 0 zdG-3ABz7-mv1P3cs2_Rfg 23
1789 1984 xmgLfJ5Jo6hHjY61hzO_EQ 0 2014-03-13 0 1dartEoF9n7-Fcgx7DWilA 1 Went on a Sunday and the gal did not use sanit... 0 Xu6kxX18Uv14MSZTY7PSgw 57
555 1984 xmgLfJ5Jo6hHjY61hzO_EQ 0 2014-03-13 0 1dartEoF9n7-Fcgx7DWilA 1 Went on a Sunday and the gal did not use sanit... 0 Xu6kxX18Uv14MSZTY7PSgw 57
788 2669 y9hgPwF68tpWEp6onX-3TQ 0 2017-10-26 0 aNIPAlsp_cO1VhyP8ReJ7g 3 I wanted to give this place 5 stars the beer i... 0 U_SbWcSZRLfkvZt3jshKJA 52
2499 2669 y9hgPwF68tpWEp6onX-3TQ 0 2017-10-26 0 aNIPAlsp_cO1VhyP8ReJ7g 3 I wanted to give this place 5 stars the beer i... 0 U_SbWcSZRLfkvZt3jshKJA 52
1359 4846 yADOyFmSlHuixlQ4MtHhcQ 0 2017-10-05 0 pE6BNYU3mEi9y1pS5fnPpQ 5 The servers in this place are great they all k... 0 06LACu59TbIHOXYn14CkPA 39
1655 4846 yADOyFmSlHuixlQ4MtHhcQ 0 2017-10-05 0 pE6BNYU3mEi9y1pS5fnPpQ 5 The servers in this place are great they all k... 0 06LACu59TbIHOXYn14CkPA 39
1414 3046 yQUXMWSA8H7wvkLa4iCD8g 0 2014-08-28 0 KmKCR_cHmAYA12Uy3XPHCA 2 Rude waitress and slow service. No offers for ... 1 KeYB7tU5F5PFb7X1QoWJ6Q 78
883 3046 yQUXMWSA8H7wvkLa4iCD8g 0 2014-08-28 0 KmKCR_cHmAYA12Uy3XPHCA 2 Rude waitress and slow service. No offers for ... 1 KeYB7tU5F5PFb7X1QoWJ6Q 78
2373 3509 yY3jNsrpCyKTqQuRuLV8gw 0 2017-07-16 0 rWc72Fx8ZKuat39dI-JLyw 5 Amazing food and drinks. I've tried multiple m... 0 SGc1Qk_LR8G8WEEA5QafEw 26
989 3509 yY3jNsrpCyKTqQuRuLV8gw 0 2017-07-16 0 rWc72Fx8ZKuat39dI-JLyw 5 Amazing food and drinks. I've tried multiple m... 0 SGc1Qk_LR8G8WEEA5QafEw 26
2129 3041 ynyDiLHzTdf4du9xMhscxg 0 2015-10-30 0 M-0AaEDTwBSIv_HJu4-pjw 5 Rachael is an artist! I've been going to her f... 0 lYXRVN2TJDEVB39G3HzplA 31
882 3041 ynyDiLHzTdf4du9xMhscxg 0 2015-10-30 0 M-0AaEDTwBSIv_HJu4-pjw 5 Rachael is an artist! I've been going to her f... 0 lYXRVN2TJDEVB39G3HzplA 31
1515 2659 zJGtD3y-pAIGNId4codEEg 1 2013-08-11 1 lwInYPtM4M2jfAftXk-xlA 4 We've been to Otro many times. Stick with the ... 1 BjmYO90f7e7oiwyoffC82w 150
785 2659 zJGtD3y-pAIGNId4codEEg 1 2013-08-11 1 lwInYPtM4M2jfAftXk-xlA 4 We've been to Otro many times. Stick with the ... 1 BjmYO90f7e7oiwyoffC82w 150
1521 2193 zKw09ftu1730wEIZBZPoFg 3 2015-01-04 0 JV-yxKxMFp-d0rLDc_2_6w 5 So relaxing combined with the meditation and ... 5 3mZFkwfa6XV0BBazRTva9w 31
623 2193 zKw09ftu1730wEIZBZPoFg 3 2015-01-04 0 JV-yxKxMFp-d0rLDc_2_6w 5 So relaxing combined with the meditation and ... 5 3mZFkwfa6XV0BBazRTva9w 31
1483 496 zg5rJfgT4jhzg1d6r2twnA 0 2014-06-21 0 Zbj0HgdN3AT4l-mbH-EfjA 3 Burger week\r\n\r\n1. Blazing Pineapple Burger... 0 UGW-9bbBEB3eP1o6mWD_WA 62
118 496 zg5rJfgT4jhzg1d6r2twnA 0 2014-06-21 0 Zbj0HgdN3AT4l-mbH-EfjA 3 Burger week\r\n\r\n1. Blazing Pineapple Burger... 0 UGW-9bbBEB3eP1o6mWD_WA 62
274 988 ziv21pDfyrgdhlrlNIgDfg 0 2016-08-11 0 fus9odxu9bjE2lSxfwNfdw 5 Get this!!! Wow Karlo is amazing and best cus... 2 ywjqPgnMrDZKOhA33v92Cw 62
1833 988 ziv21pDfyrgdhlrlNIgDfg 0 2016-08-11 0 fus9odxu9bjE2lSxfwNfdw 5 Get this!!! Wow Karlo is amazing and best cus... 2 ywjqPgnMrDZKOhA33v92Cw 62

666 rows ร— 11 columns

Removing Duplicates

df = df[df.duplicated()]

Rechecking for Duplicates

#Duplicates should no longer exist
df[df.duplicated(keep=False)].sort_values(by='business_id')
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Unnamed: 0 business_id cool date funny review_id stars text useful user_id Review_Word_Length

Creating Pivot Tables

#This transforms the data into a person by person spreadsheet and what stars they gave various restaurants
#Most values are NaN (null or missing) because people only review a few restaurants of those that exist
usr_reviews = df.pivot(index='user_id', columns='business_id', values='stars')
usr_reviews.head()
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</style>
business_id -GY2fx-8udXPY8qn2HVBCg -LRlx2j9_LB3evsRRcC9MA -MKWJZnMjSit406AUKf7Pg -eIvRc3aEvufstBumpBTPQ -lJtyCOTVInWusU9YF120A 01fuY2NNscttoTxOYbuZXw 04u-szAykldu-caSDHQaKA 07F9bkUm3cs83CzGvTi0TA 0QBFtNNj9RIggZGeivcbEg 0bbWKI1lA-bmEeeWOrDmSA ... xmgLfJ5Jo6hHjY61hzO_EQ y9hgPwF68tpWEp6onX-3TQ yADOyFmSlHuixlQ4MtHhcQ yQUXMWSA8H7wvkLa4iCD8g yY3jNsrpCyKTqQuRuLV8gw ynyDiLHzTdf4du9xMhscxg zJGtD3y-pAIGNId4codEEg zKw09ftu1730wEIZBZPoFg zg5rJfgT4jhzg1d6r2twnA ziv21pDfyrgdhlrlNIgDfg
user_id
-Zdxj4wuj4D_899B7tPE3g NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
-ciBvC2RcMtt3JeRW0NDvg NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
06LACu59TbIHOXYn14CkPA NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... NaN NaN 5.0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
0XKTRsa8Y1A3RHJB5LhuUg NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
17YRCR1n1FcLAerv2qtmkw NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN

5 rows ร— 331 columns

Summary

In this brief introduction, you learned the acronym ETL and got to preview a few examples of ETL processes using pandas. In the upcoming lessons you'll get a much richer understanding of these and other techniques for wrangling your data!

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