kevinking / cityhash Goto Github PK
View Code? Open in Web Editor NEWThis project forked from jeremybarnes/cityhash
Google's City Hash functions
Home Page: http://code.google.com/p/cityhash/
License: MIT License
This project forked from jeremybarnes/cityhash
Google's City Hash functions
Home Page: http://code.google.com/p/cityhash/
License: MIT License
CityHash, a family of hash functions for strings. Introduction ============ CityHash provides hash functions for strings. The functions mix the input bits thoroughly but are not suitable for cryptography. See "Hash Quality," below, for details on how CityHash was tested and so on. We provide reference implementations in C++, with a friendly MIT license. CityHash64() and similar return a 64-bit hash. CityHash128() and similar return a 128-bit hash and are tuned for strings of at least a few hundred bytes. Depending on your compiler and hardware, it's likely faster than CityHash64() on sufficiently long strings. It's slower than necessary on shorter strings, but we expect that case to be relatively unimportant. CityHashCrc128() and similar are variants of CityHash128() that depend on _mm_crc32_u64(), an intrinsic that compiles to a CRC32 instruction on some CPUs. However, none of the functions we provide are CRCs. CityHashCrc256() is a variant of CityHashCrc128() that also depends on _mm_crc32_u64(). It returns a 256-bit hash. Performance on long strings =========================== We are most excited by the performance of CityHash64() and its variants on short strings, but long strings are interesting as well. CityHash is intended to be fast, under the constraint that it hash very well. For CPUs with the CRC32 instruction, CRC is speedy, but CRC wasn't designed as a hash function and shouldn't be used as one. CityHashCrc128() is not a CRC, but it uses the CRC32 machinery. On a single core of a 2.67GHz Intel Xeon X5550, CityHashCrc256 peaks at about 6.09 bytes/cycle. The other CityHashCrc functions are wrappers around CityHashCrc256 and should have similar performance on long strings. CityHash128 peaks at about 4.31 bytes/cycle. The fastest Murmur variant on that hardware, Murmur3F, peaks at about 2.4 bytes/cycle. We expect the peak speed of CityHash128 to dominate CityHash64, which is aimed more toward short strings or use in hash tables. For long strings, a new function by Bob Jenkins, SpookyHash, is just slightly slower than CityHash128 on Intel x86-64 CPUs, but noticeably faster on AMD x86-64 CPUs. For hashing long strings on CPUs without the CRC instruction, SpookyHash may be just as good or better than any of the CityHash variants. Performance on short strings ============================ For short strings, e.g., most hash table keys, CityHash64 is faster than CityHash128, and probably faster than all the aforementioned functions, depending on the mix of string lengths. Here are a few results from that same hardware, where we (unrealistically) tested a single string length over and over again: Hash Results ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CityHash64 7ns for 1 byte, or 6ns for 8 bytes, or 9ns for 64 bytes Murmur2 (64-bit) 6ns for 1 byte, or 6ns for 8 bytes, or 15ns for 64 bytes Murmur3F 14ns for 1 byte, or 15ns for 8 bytes, or 23ns for 64 bytes Installation ============ We provide reference implementations of several CityHash functions, written in C++. The build system is based on autoconf. It defaults the C++ compiler flags to "-g -O2", which is probably slower than -O3 if you are using gcc. YMMV. On systems with gcc, we generally recommend: ./configure make all check CXXFLAGS="-g -O3" sudo make install Or, if your system has the CRC32 instruction, and you want to build everything: ./configure --enable-sse4.2 make all check CXXFLAGS="-g -O3 -msse4.2" sudo make install Note that our build system doesn't try to determine the appropriate compiler flag for enabling SSE4.2. For gcc it is "-msse4.2". The --enable-sse4.2 flag to the configure script controls whether citycrc.h is installed when you "make install." In general, picking the right compiler flags can be tricky, and may depend on your compiler, your hardware, and even how you plan to use the library. For generic information about how to configure this software, please try: ./configure --help Failing that, please work from city.cc and city*.h, as they contain all the necessary code. Usage ===== The above installation instructions will produce a single library. It will contain CityHash64() and CityHash128() and their variants, and possibly CityHashCrc128(), CityHashCrc128WithSeed(), and CityHashCrc256(). The functions with Crc in the name are declared in citycrc.h; the rest are declared in city.h. Limitations =========== 1) The current version of CityHash is intended for little-endian 64-bit CPUs. Functions that don't use the CRC32 instruction should also work, slowly, in little-endian 32-bit code. CityHash should work on big-endian CPUs as well; if you try it, please let us know. 2) CityHash is fairly complex. As a result of its complexity, it may not perform as expected on some compilers. For example, preliminary reports suggest that some Microsoft compilers compile CityHash to assembly that's 10-20% slower than it could be. Hash Quality ============ We like to test hash functions with SMHasher, among other things. SMHasher isn't perfect, but it seems to find almost any significant flaw. SMHasher is available at http://code.google.com/p/smhasher/ SMHasher is designed to pass a 32-bit seed to the hash functions it tests. No CityHash function is designed to work that way, so we adapt as follows: For our functions that accept a seed, we use the given seed directly (padded with zeroes); for our functions that don't accept a seed, we hash the concatenation of the given seed and the input string. The CityHash functions have the following flaws according to SMHasher: (1) CityHash64: some cases of poor avalanching, which we suspect don't matter in practice, with some inputs <= 16 bytes. (2) CityHash64WithSeed: one or two minor issues with inputs containing at most two non-zero bytes and length <= 24 bytes. (3) CityHash64WithSeeds: did not test (4) CityHash128: none (5) CityHash128WithSeed: none (6) CityHashCrc128: none (7) CityHashCrc128WithSeed: none (8) CityHashCrc256: none For now we are treating the flaws in our 64-bit functions as harmless, as we expect the primary use of these functions will be in hash tables. A "perfect" hash function is overkill there. Other opinions are welcome, especially if you have real-world examples of these flaws causing trouble! We hold our 128-bit and 256-bit hash functions to higher quality standards. For more information ==================== http://code.google.com/p/cityhash/ [email protected] Please feel free to send us comments, questions, bug reports, or patches.
A declarative, efficient, and flexible JavaScript library for building user interfaces.
๐ Vue.js is a progressive, incrementally-adoptable JavaScript framework for building UI on the web.
TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that compiles to clean JavaScript output.
An Open Source Machine Learning Framework for Everyone
The Web framework for perfectionists with deadlines.
A PHP framework for web artisans
Bring data to life with SVG, Canvas and HTML. ๐๐๐
JavaScript (JS) is a lightweight interpreted programming language with first-class functions.
Some thing interesting about web. New door for the world.
A server is a program made to process requests and deliver data to clients.
Machine learning is a way of modeling and interpreting data that allows a piece of software to respond intelligently.
Some thing interesting about visualization, use data art
Some thing interesting about game, make everyone happy.
We are working to build community through open source technology. NB: members must have two-factor auth.
Open source projects and samples from Microsoft.
Google โค๏ธ Open Source for everyone.
Alibaba Open Source for everyone
Data-Driven Documents codes.
China tencent open source team.