- All application components tightly coupled as one unit.
- Both frontend and backend in a single codebase.
- Scalability and maintenance challenges with complexity.
- Frontend and backend separated into distinct layers.
- Provides flexibility in frontend tech, decouples UI from server logic.
- Backend can remain monolithic.
- Backend divided into Microservices for scalability and independence.
- Frontend remains tightly coupled, potentially limiting scalability.
- Backend divided into Microservices for scalability and independence.
- Frontend remains tightly coupled, potentially limiting scalability.