glottolog / glottolog

Collaborative data curation for Glottolog

The Glottolog Data Repository

The Glottolog data repository is the place where the data served by the Glottolog web application is curated. But the repository also provides an alternative way to access Glottolog's data locally, and possibly even locally customized data by forking glottolog/glottolog.

Accessing Glottolog data

• This repository is the place where Glottolog data is curated. So it's the right place to open issues about errors you identified and to propose changes. A clone of this repository is also the right thing if you need access to all of Glottolog's data, possibly including older versions and the history of changes. Since the format of the data here is tailored towards maintainability - and not towards accessibility - you might want to use the Python package pyglottolog to access it programmatically.
• glottolog.org - the Glottolog website - may be the most convenient place to inspect and browse the latest released version of Glottolog data. It also provides access to various download formats, tailored towards various re-use scenarios.
• glottolog as CLDF dataset is probably the best option for accessing all of Glottolog's languoid data. Due to the format being CLDF, it can be used from all kinds of programming environments such as spreadsheet programs, programming languages like R or python, or the UNIX shell. A description of the files in this datasets is available in the README.

How-to cite

Only released versions of the Glottolog data should be cited. These releases are archived with and available from ZENODO at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596479

Types of data in Glottolog

Languoids

Data about Glottolog languoids (languages, dialects or sub-groups, aka families) is stored in text files (one per languoid) formatted as INI files in the languoids/tree subdirectory. The directory tree mirrors the Glottolog classification of languages.

References

The Glottolog bibliography is curated as a set of BibTeX files in the references/bibtex subdirectory, which are merged into a single reference database for each release/edition.

Metadata

Metadata - e.g. controlled vocabularies for some of the languoid data - are stored as INI files in the config subdirectory.

glottolog's Issues

Mirndi family tree errors

The representation of the family tree of Mirndi in current Glottolog is problematic. It's not in line with the accepted internal relations, and it is actually a misrepresentation of the source (Harvey 2008).

The current two primary divisions ("Jaminjungan" and "Barkly") reflect a geographic rather than linguistic grouping corresponding to Harvey's (2008) Western and Eastern Mirndi. Linguistically there are three primary divisions (Yirram, Jingulu and Ngurlun). Yirram contains two languages—Nungali and Jaminjungan (the latter of which has two dialects: Jaminjung and Ngaliwurru). Jingulu is a direct node under Mirndi. Ngurlun contains two languages: Ngarnka and Wambayan (the latter of which has three dialects: Binbinka, Gudanji and Wambaya). The figure below is a diagram I made, but it is isomorphic with Harvey's (2008) representation of the internal structure of the language family. (Note that the named varieties in the figure do not all correspond to languages, viz. the Jaminjungan dialects and the Wambayan dialects.)

Furthermore, it's generally accepted that the two dialects Gudanji and Wambaya are more similar to each other than either is to Binbinka. This would result in an internal node directly dominating Wambaya and Gudanji (perhaps named Wambaya-Gudanji).

P.S. Hedvig made me do this.

Harvey, Mark. 2008. Proto Mirndi: A Discontinuous Language Family in Northern Australia. Pacific Linguistics 593. Canberra: Australian National University.

Integrate EL data

The data from EL should be attributed following their recommendations:

For information from the Catalogue of Endangered Languages, cite as:

Catalogue of Endangered Languages. 2015. The University of Hawaii at Manoa and Eastern Michigan University. http://www.endangeredlanguages.com

For general information from a language entry (e.g. language names, classification, or vitality status), cite:

"LANGUAGE NAME." Catalogue of Endangered Languages. 2015. The University of Hawaii at Manoa and Eastern Michigan University. DATE OF ACCESS. < FULL URL OF SPECIFIC LANGUAGE PAGE >

For example:

"Xipaya." Catalogue of Endangered Languages. 2015. The University of Hawaii at Manoa and Eastern Michigan University. Sept. 29, 2014. http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/1001

Almost all information in the Catalogue of Endangered Languages includes a citation of the original source which provided this data (e.g. journal article, book, personal communication, etc.). You can find citation information at the top of the "Language Information by Source" box on each language page; if you wish to reproduce data such as speaker numbers, you may cite the original source provided there.

Make automated language assignment optional

It should be possible for each reference provider to opt-out of automated language assignment, e.g. in case there are too many false positives. This seems to be the case for degruyter and possibly also for benjamins.

Move ISO codes from the local use range to LinguistList codes

Some Glottolog languoids have been associated with ISO 639-3 codes from the
local use range.
In most (all?) cases, these codes have the same meaning as the LinguistList local use codes. Thus, they should be assigned to a new property ll-code.

Lezghian

Isn't it better use Lezgian instead of Lezghian? There is no such a name in any English publication I found.

Chochotec

The use of "Chochotec" appears to be a typo. In both the literature and usage in the Chocholtec region, the words "Chocho" (older) or "Chocholtec" (more recent) are used. I would suggest using one of those two forms.

Carol Mock's 1977 study of Ocotlán Chocho appears three times in the bibliography. The Mock 1977 is the best, since Gloria Bravo was not the author, but rather the series editor.

Mock, Carol. 1977. Chocho: Santa Catarina Ocotlán, Oaxaca. (Archivo de Lenguas Indígenas de México, 4.) Mexico: Centro de Investigación para la Integración Social. 175pp.

Bravo Ahuja, Gloria Ruiz de. 1977. Chocho, Santa Catarina Ocotlán, Oaxaca. (Archivo de lenguas indígenas de México, 4.) México: El Colegio de México. 175pp.

Gloria Ruiz de Bravo Ahuja. 1977. Chocho: Santa Catarina Ocotlán, Oaxaca. Mexico, Centro de Investigación Social.

Encoding of the Newick tree is wrong

The glottolog newick tree file download (http://glottolog.org/static/download/tree-glottolog-newick.txt) appears to have the wrong HTTP headers set. While the file is encoded in UTF-8, the HTTP headers seem to imply no encoding or a different one (my browsers interpret windows-1252, I have not checked the HTTP trace), leading to

('Sasi [sasi1238]':1,'Ç‚Hua [huaa1249]':1)

instead of

(('Sasi [sasi1238]':1,'ǂHua [huaa1249]':1)

when viewed in the browser.

Provide links to worldcat and google books when available

Using gbid and oclc in the bibtex, when available (yes I will add a larger set of these at some point)

gbid = {http://books.google.com/books?id=9gibHwnuv2YC},
oclc = {255509137}

Treatment of ISO-codes, current/retired (WAS: Re-classify Jarawa (Nigeria))

Jarawa (Nigeria) has been split by ISO into two languages, which are probably among the 5 dialects currently listed for Jarawa:

Jarawa (Nigeria) [jara1263] <l>
   ├─ Bankal [bank1257] <d>
   ├─ Bobar [boba1246] <d>
   ├─ Gingwak [ging1241] <d>
   ├─ Kanam [kana1285] <d>
   └─ Ligri [ligr1238] <d>

Since the ISO change request doesn't say anything about the other dialects, reclassification doesn't seem to be straightforward. In any case we should assign the ISO codes [jgk] to Gingwak and [jjr] to Bankal.

Western Mari map coordinates are wrong

Both Hill (Western) and Meadow (Easter) Mari (ISO: mrj, mhr) are spoken in the Mari Republic. In addition, Eastern Mari is spoken in Bashkorstan. On the Omniglot map, Meadow Mari is (correctly) located in the Mari Republic, but Western Mari is not marked in the republic, only in Siberia.

This placement confuses an otherwise neat map of the Uralic languages.

add `__iter__` method to `Glottolog`

This method should be an alias for Glottolog.languoids.

Include IANA identifiers for languoids

A mapping of glottocodes to IANA language identifiers is available from wikidata (http://tinyurl.com/ze9ocqs).

wikidata_glottocode_iana.tsv.txt

Computerized assignment of lgcode error

There's been a few errors due to lgcode assigned from "compendious". Among them, this ref

Tattam, Henry. 1830. A compendious grammar of the Egyptian language as contained in the Coptic and Sahidic dialects, with observations on the Bashmuric; together with alphabets and numerals in the hieroglyphic and enchorial characters. London: J. & A. Arch.

Has been marked as being about Fijian. I'd suggest just re-checking all refs that have "(computerized assignment from "compendious")" in the lgcode field.

Bowern bib is missing year often

Entries in bowern.bib are missing a year field quite often, which makes merging of duplicates difficult. We may want to fix this in the source bibtex.

Command to mint glottocodes

There should be a command to mint new glottocodes, i.e. create new languoid info files. This means we need information about obsolete, thus no longer available glottocodes in the repos, maybe just one JSON file

{
    "abcd": <max-number-in-use>,
    ...
}

which is synchronized/updated from the command doling out new glottocodes.

Remove TeXisms from gj.bib

gj.bib has explicit uppercase markers in it e.g.

title = {{T}ypology of {G}eneric-{P}erson {M}arking in {T}shobdun {R}gyalrong}

as well as chinese content, e.g.

title = {\zh{夏藏対音資料からみた西夏語の声調} {K}azō taion shiryō kara mita {S}eikago no seichō.}

The uppercase markers should be removed, and the chinese content factored out into separate fields, e.g.

title_zh = {夏藏対音資料からみた西夏語の声調}

Remove unnecessary layer of "Unclassified" wrappers

Sometimes, the special "unclassified" sub-groups are unnecessary, e.g. here:
https://github.com/clld/glottolog/blob/master/languoids/tree/tuca1253/unun9987/unun9987.ini

Invalid latitude for Plautdietsch [plau1238]

In the PR updating coordinates there was this change:

$ git diff d7e77e0eca70eb5c7233226e391740565a52aef7 5c69367ac2cefeb48c5bc07abbe4f988f5bd718a languoids/tree/indo1319/germ1287/nort3152/west2793/nort3175/alts1234/midd1345/lowg1239/plau1238/md.ini
diff --git a/languoids/tree/indo1319/germ1287/nort3152/west2793/nort3175/alts1234/midd1345/lowg1239/p
index 7f4ad8d..cfdff40 100644
--- a/languoids/tree/indo1319/germ1287/nort3152/west2793/nort3175/alts1234/midd1345/lowg1239/plau1238
+++ b/languoids/tree/indo1319/germ1287/nort3152/west2793/nort3175/alts1234/midd1345/lowg1239/plau1238
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ name = Plautdietsch
 hid = pdt
 level = language
 iso639-3 = pdt
-latitude = 12.0466
-longitude = -81.3525
+latitude = 49578028.0
+longitude = -109.353868
 macroareas = 
        North America
 countries = 

assigning an invalid latitude.

I guess we should add checks for the ranges of latitude and longitude to the tree checks :)

Make contributors aware of new repos

Must notify:

• language science press

Vanuatu dots and name comments from Miriam

Miriam Meyerhoff says:

the dot for N(e)thalp is probably too far west. I thought it was spoken on the point at the east. But Benjamin Touati’s Sorbonne PhD has a good map of the dialects in the Champagne Beach/Sakao Island area. It’s online. I also don’t know why the map has ’turtal bay’ [sic] in the middle of Santo island. Turtle Bay is a small bay on the eact coast. The big bay opening to the north is called Big Bay (or I think the Bay of Sts Peter and James, in old maps).

Changing a languoid name through-the-web

Navigate to the info file of the languoid for which you want to change the name, then ...

If you are done editing the name, make sure you select the option "Create a new branch" ...

... which will give you the option to create a pull request, i.e. a proposal to change glottolog data, which can be reviewed by the editors:

Chinese dialects in a more detailed resolution, including state-of-the-art reference trees and geo-coordinates

I attach a dataset consisting of a csv file and a json-file indicating coordinates for 40 dialect varieties. They are linked to their respective parent-glottocode, I provide Chinese characters, and also a rather traditional classification by Kurpaska 2010.

Reference trees for these dialects based on major subgroupings of different scholars (especially (Normal 2003, with additional information from Kurpaska 2010) have been presented in List et al. 2014. This tree, which reflects some kind of a communis opinio (although there is evidence for a different grouping by Sagart 2011
sindial.zip
can be downloaded from:

• https://gist.github.com/LinguList/7481097#file-southern_chinese-tre

Let me know if Sagart's tree is additionally needed, and be aware that spelling of "Xi'an", "Ha'erbin" and "Jian'ou" needs to be modified.

Let me also know if accented Pīnyīn is needed, as well as additional reference phylogenies, or if there are further questions.

Harvest the AUTOTYP references

https://github.com/autotyp/autotyp-data/blob/master/bibliography/autotyp.bib

Micronesia updated geo coordinates

Sonsorol -> 5.328596, 132.221282
Tobian -> 3.004528, 131.171295

I'm going over some dots for Micronesia anyway, might come more. If so, I'll post them in this thread

Re-classify Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo

Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo is currently classified as a language with 4 dialects

$ glottolog tree izie1238
Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo [izie1238] <l>
   ├─ Ezaa [ezaa1238] <d>
   ├─ Ikwo [ikwo1238] <d>
   ├─ Izi [izii1239] <d>
   └─ Mgbo [mgbo1238] <d>

although ISO has split izi into 4 distinct languages, and the name in Glottolog looks as if we consider it as a subfamily as well.

In any case, I think, we should assign the new ISO codes to what is now dialects in Glottolog. But we may also want to turn these into languages and Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo into a family.

Nukuria

Some addings to Nukuria bibliography:
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001683841 G. Friederici 1912 Beiträge zur Völker- und Sprachenkunde von Deutsch-Neuguinea// Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse einer amtlichen Forschungsreise nach dem Bismarck-Archipel im Jahre 1908. Mitt. a. d. Deutschen Schutzgebieten. Ergänzungsheft Nr. 5. Berlin.
sealang.net/archives/pl/pdf/PL-C39.441.pdf Lithgow, D.R. 1976 "Austronesian Languages: Milne Bay and Adjacent Islands (Milne Bay Province)"// Wurm, S.A. editor, New Guinea area languages and language study, Vol. 2, Austronesian languages.
C-39:441-526. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University. DOI:10.15144/PL-C39.441

Jalkunan

Jalkunan (Mande, Burkina) is a different language from Jeli. In fact the two are not particularly close grammatically.

A 2017 grammar of Jalkunan on LDH has an appendix discussing this issue.

http://ldh.clld.org/2017/01/01/escidoc2346932/

Two subgroups labelled South Halmahera-West New Guinea

As noted by Malcolm Ross:

Just been going through the Austronesian part of the Newick file. A phenomenal and useful piece of work!
In the process, I noticed that South Halmahera-West New Guinea is the label for two groups. I assume this is an error.
I've checked the listed source, Dave Kamholz' PhD dissertation. The page refs take me to DK's discussion of previous literature, not DK's new subgrouping, but I can't figure out which part of DK's discussion the SHWNG bit of the Glottolog tree is based on.

There are two subgroups labelled "South Halmahera-West New Guinea":

(glottolog3)dlt5502178l:~/venvs/glottolog3/glottolog$ grep -r "South Halmahera-West New Guinea" languoids/tree/aust1307
languoids/tree/aust1307/nucl1752/mala1545/cent2237/east2712/sout2850/sout2850.ini:name = South Halmahera-West New Guinea
languoids/tree/aust1307/nucl1752/mala1545/cent2237/east2712/sout2850/sout3229/sout3229.ini:name = South Halmahera-West New Guinea

Command to create leaflet map of languages

There should be a (configurable) command to create a leaflet map showing a set of languages. This may grow into some sort of all-purpose mapping tool (depending on contributions).

Add ISO-639-3 change requests as separate bibtex file

ISO-639-3 change requests should be treated as separate provider, with a - periodically recreated - separate BibTeX file.

misspelling of Najamba

"Najanga-Kindige" is a typo for "Najamba-Kindige" (bond1248). Your entry shows dialect subcategories "Nadjamba" and "Kindjim" which I (as a Dogon specialist) have been writing "Najamba" and "Kindige" (or French style "Kindigué"). You might add "Bondum Dom (narrow sense)" as a third dialect subcategory, most relevant to the Borko and Timtim zone on the Dogon plateau who do not use "Najamba" or "Kindige" for their own speech. "Bondum Dom (broad sense)" includes all dialects, but it is not widely used except by outsiders, usually in the form Bondu So.

R's APE library cannot read some glottolog newick files.

Some of the trees generated by glottolog contain singleton nodes. This is valid according to the newick specification but cause the APE library in R to choke:

e.g. the newick file here for Damal languages looks like this in NEXUS:

#NEXUS
Begin taxa;
dama1272
dama1272
amon1239
amun1245
engg1246
nucl1638
;
end;
Begin trees;
tree damal = ((amon1239:1,amun1245:1,engg1246:1,nucl1638:1)dama1272:1);
end;

... but this newick string generates this error:

> tree <- read.nexus("damal.trees")
Error in read.nexus("damal.trees") :
  The tree has apparently singleton node(s): cannot read tree file.
  Reading NEXUS file aborted at tree no.1

This problem is discussed in the APE FAQ and there is a solution posted on the r-sig-phylo mailing list.

Failing that the newick string can be modified from this:

((amon1239:1,amun1245:1,engg1246:1,nucl1638:1)dama1272:1);

to this:

(amon1239:1,amun1245:1,engg1246:1,nucl1638:1)dama1272:1;

... which will work.

Escape single quotes within language labels in Newick trees

The current Newick tree file (http://glottolog.org/static/download/tree-glottolog-newick.txt) contains quoted labels like 'Dzu'oasi [dzuo1238]'.

According to http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/phylip/newick_doc.html,
single quote characters in a quoted label are represented by two single quotes.
So the correct quoted label would be 'Dzu''oasi [dzuo1238]'.

DeGruyter IDs are lo-oo-oo-ng

...which has the side effect of breaking table layouts:

14:48:50 [simon@minerva6:~ 2s % glottolog refsearch 'author:Yunji'
ID                                                              Author                                                       Year  Title
--------------------------------------------------------------  ---------------------------------------------------------  ------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
degruyter:/books/9783110927481/9783110927481/9783110927481.xml  Wu, Yunji                                                    2005  A Synchronic and Diachronic Study of the Grammar of the Chinese Xiang Dialects
hh:phon:Wu:Waxianghua                                           Wu, Yunji                                                    2000  Gūzhàng Wăxiānghuà de yīnyùn chū tàn
hh:gdial:Wu:Xiang                                               Wu, Yunji                                                    2005  A synchronic and diachronic study of the grammar of the Chinese Xiang dialects
hh:typ:Wu:Locative-Waxiang                                      Yunji Wu                                                     2008  The locative words in the Waxiang dialect spoken in Guzhang, Hunan
hh:d:Wu:Waxiang                                                 Yunji Wu                                                     2007  Xiang xi waxiang hua feng su ming wu cai tu dian
mpieva:Wu1999Thedevel                                           Wu, Yunji                                                    1999  The development of aspectual systems in the Chinese-Xiang dialects
mpieva:Wu2005Asynchro                                           Wu, Yunji                                                    2005  A synchronic and diachronic study of the grammar of the Chinese Xiang dialects
hh:sd:WuRuiqing:Waxianghua                                      Wu, Yunji and Shen, Ruiqing                                  2010  Xiangxi Guzhang Waxiang hua diao cha bao gao
hh:d:Bao:Chang                                                  Bao, Houxing and Ruoyun Shen and Yunji Wu                    1999  Changsha Fangyan Cidian
hh:g:Bao:Chang                                                  Bao, Houxing and Ruoyun Shen and Zhenhua Cui and Yunji Wu    1999  Changsha fangyan yanjiu

As it stands, the first reference id is massive and redundant (degruyter:/books/$x/$x/$x.xml). Perhaps these could be converted to e.g. degruyter:books:$x.

Also would be nice if the table could wrap or truncate long cells to keep to a maximum width like 80.

Re-classify Bhatola

Bhatola is currently "classified" as Unclassifiable. ISO says it's nonexistent. Should we move it to Bookkeeping?

Re-classifying Dogon

Classification of Dogon based on Heath's current analysis (language code [xxxxxxxx] indicates missing language or branch; for the former there may already be a Glottolog code with different canonical label, except Tommo So, this language should be added to Glottolog; see McPherson 2013:

 'Dogon [dogo1299]'
-- 'East Dogon [xxxxxxx]'
---- 'Toro Tegu [toro1253][dtt]'
---- 'Jamsay [jams1239][djm]'
---- 'Toro So [toro1252][dts]'
---- 'Tomo Kan [tomo1243][dtm]'
---- 'Southeast Dogon [xxxxxxx]'
------ 'Ben Tey [bent1238][dbt]'
------ 'Bankan Tey [bank1259][dbw]'
------ 'Nanga [nang1261][nzz]'
------ 'Togo Kan [togo1254]'
------ 'Tengou Kan [xxxxxxxx]'
------ 'Donno So [donn1239]'
------ 'Tommo So [xxxxxxxx]'
-- 'West Dogon [west2779]'
---- 'Yanda Dom [yand1257][dym]'
---- 'Tebul Ure [tebu1239][dtu]'
---- 'Najamba-Kindigue [bond1248][dbu]'
---- 'Tiranige Diga [tira1258][tde]'
---- 'Dogul Dom [dogu1235][dbg]'
---- 'Southwest Dogon [west2779]'
------ 'Ampari [ampa1238][aqd]'
------ 'Bunoge [buno1241][dgb]'
------ 'Mombo [momb1254][dmb]'
------ 'Penange [pena1270]'

Note (Heath, pc):

• Jamsay seems pretty close to Togo Kan so we might end up putting it in southeastern.
• Seems like Dogul Dom and neighboring Donno So have converged secondarily in some respects.

python package

We need a python package implementing utility functions and scripts for data curation, e.g. conversion from and to lff-style files.

Integrate Benjamins refs

Method returning all descendants of a languoid

While it is simple to access the immediate children of any languoid, retrieving all its descendants is somewhat difficult. There should be a method Languoid.get_descendants(nodes={}) making this easier.

Add endangerment data from ELCat

We may want to add the endangerment data from ELCat, which breaks down as shown below. The question is whether we want to merge this with the UNESCO data, or keep the possibly two assessments side by side? I'd opt for merging, since otherwise we'd be be adding not much of a service. If we merge, the question would become how to re-concile the endangerment levels below with UNESCO's.

>>> for k, v in states.most_common():
...     print k, v
... 
Threatened 900
Endangered 748
Vulnerable 548
Critically endangered 429
Severely endangered 367
Dormant 191
At risk 82
Awakening 66
>>> for k, v in certainty.most_common():
...     print k, v
... 
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available 2129
80 percent certain, based on the evidence available 337
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available 313
60 percent certain, based on the evidence available 237
40 percent certain, based on the evidence available 189
None 126

support newick export via API

The classification trees of Glottolog should be available in Newick format via the pyglottolog API.

Donno So distinct from Tommo So (Dogon)

Current Glottolog nomenclature is "Tommo-Donno So Dogon' (donn1238) at language level, with subdivisions (dialects) Donno So (donn1239) and Tommo So (tomm1242). Laura McPherson published a grammar of Tommo So (MGL), and I have recently electronically published a grammar of Donno So (LDH). (At the moment the Donno So grammar is down because of a glitch at LDH that I expect to be repaired soon.)

Laura and I agree that Tommo So and Donno So are distinct languages. At Laura's request, Ethnologue separated them in 2011. Laura ([email protected]) messaged me today in response to my request for language I could pass on to you:

"Tommo So forms a dialect continuum, with the dialects spoken on the north end of the plateau mutually unintelligible with Donno So, while those closer to Bandiagara have more inter comprehension. Donno So is in some ways a mixed language, with Tommo So nominal system and Toro So's verbal system. From a cultural standpoint, Tommo So is considered one of the core Dogon languages, with many Dogon songs sung in Tommo So regardless of the spoken language of that community. The fact that Donno So is the language with the original ISO code rather than Tommo So is a historical accident based on the missionary attention it received in the 1960s in Bandiagara."

I personally wouldn't go so far as to call Donno So a mixed language, but it does have (naturally) some affinities to its neighbors, Toro So and Dogul Dom as well as Tommo So. I spent a few days surveying villages in the boundary zone between Tommo So and Donno So, and the local people clearly distinguish the two (using various names for Donno So).

Text rendering of PhD/MA thesis

Linguistics style sheets demand that the stuff after the title in MA/PhD are rendered as "%s %s. %s" % (school, "MA thesis" if bibtype == "mastersthesis" else "doctoral dissertation", pages if pages else "").
What is in "publisher" is to be ignored in the rendering. I.e.

Bryant, Michael G. 1999. Aspects of Tirmaga Grammar. University of Texas at Arlington. Ann Arbor: UMI. ix+151pp. (MA thesis).

should be

Bryant, Michael G. 1999. Aspects of Tirmaga Grammar. University of Texas at Arlington MA thesis. ix+151pp.

Is [kxau1241] a duplicate of [juho1239]?

According to ISO 639-3, Kx'ao'ae is a duplicate of Ju'hoan.

This seems to be somewhat corroborated by the dialect assignments in Glottolog:

$ glottolog tree juho1239
#South-Eastern Ju [juho1239] <l>
   ├─ Dzu'oasi [dzuo1238] <d>
   └─ Nogau [noga1250] <d>
$ glottolog tree kxau1241
=/Kx'au//'ein [kxau1241] <l>
   └─ Nogau [noga1251] <d>

Should we move kxau1241 to Bookkeeping and redirect the dialect noga1251?

Chinook

Kiksht is listed as a dialect of Chinook (chin1286, chh), but it is actually a synonym for Wasco-Wishram (wasc1239, wac). See, for example, Marianne Mithun. 1999. The Languages of Native North America (Cambridge). Page 382

Add Manx Gaelic bibliography

Below is a “Bibliography of academic works pertaining to Manx Gaelic”, compiled by Christopher Lewin who gave permission to add this to Glottolog. However, the list still needs to be converted to BibTeX.

1. Language and linguistics

1.1. Overviews

Broderick, George (2007) ‘Manx Gaelic literature: an overview’. In Jan Erik Rekdal & Ailbhe Ó Corráin (eds.) (2007). Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium of Societas Celtologica Nordica. Uppsala: Uppsala University.

Broderick, George (2010). ‘Manx’. In Martin J. Ball & Nicole Müller. (eds.) (2010). The Celtic Languages. London: Routledge.

Jenner, H. (1877). ‘Manx Language. Its Grammar, Literature, and Present State’. Transactions of the Philological Society, 1875-76

Thomson, Robert L. & Adrian Pilgrim. (1988). An Outline of Manx Language and Literature. Douglas: Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh.

Thomson, Robert L. (1992). ‘The Manx language’. In Donald MacAulay (ed.) (1992). The Celtic Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Thomson, Robert L. (2000). ‘Manx’. In Glanville Price, Languages in Britain & Ireland (pp. 58-69). Oxford: Blackwell.

Williams, Nicholas (1994). ‘An Mhanainnis’. In Kim McCone, Damian McManus, Cathal Ó Hainle, Nicholas Williams, Liam Breatnach (eds.), Stair na Gaeilge. Maynooth: National University of Ireland.

1.2. History of the language

Thomson, Robert L. (1983). ‘The Continuity of Manx’. In Christine Fel, Peter Foote, James Graham-Campbell and Robert L. Thomson (eds.), The Viking Age in the Isle of Man: Select Papers from the Ninth Viking Congress, Isle of Man, 4-14 July 1981. London: Viking Society for Northern Research.

Stowell, Brian and Diarmuid Ó Bréasláin (1996). A Short History of the Manx Language. Belfast: An Clochán.

Wood, G. W. (1896). ‘An Account of the Translation and Editions of the Holy Scriptures in the Manx Language’. The Manx Church Magazine 9, 10, 11.

Williams, Nicholas (1998). ‘Vel oo toiggal Gaelg? Aspects of the history of Manx’. Ned Maddrell memorial lecture.

1.3. Phonetics and phonology

Ackerley, F. G. (1928). ‘Manx Marginalia’. Y Cymmrodor 39: 20-38.
Broderick, George (1986). A Handbook of Late Spoken Manx. Vol. 3: Phonology. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Carmody, Francis J. (1953). ‘Spoken Manx’. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 24: 58-80.

Fowkes, Robert A. (1955). Review of Jackson (1955). Language 31: 556-560.

Jackson, Kenneth (1955). Contributions to the Study of Manx Phonology. Edinburgh: Nelson.

Kneen, J. J. (1930). English-Manx Pronouncing Dictionary. Douglas: Mona’s Herald. Reprinted 1990 by Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh.

Lewin, Christopher. ‘John Rhŷs: arloeswr mewn astudiaethau Manaweg’, Efrydiau Cymraeg, 1.

Marstrander, Carl J. S. (1932). ‘Det Norske Landnåm på Man’, Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap 6: 40-386.

Ó Sé, Diarmuid (1991). ‘Prosodic change in Manx and lexical diffusion’. In P. Sture Ureland and George Broderick (eds.), Language Contact in the British Isles. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Language Contact in Europe, Douglas, Isle of Man, 1988. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Rhŷs, John (1895). The Outlines of the Phonology of Manx Gaelic. In Moore and Rhŷs (eds.) (1895). The Book of Common Prayer in Manx Gaelic. 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Thomson, Robert L. (1960). ‘Svarabhakti and some associated changes in Manx’. Celtica 5: 116-26.

Thomson, Robert L. (1976). ‘The stressed vowel phonemes of a Manx idiolect’. Celtica 11: 255-63.

Wagner, Heinrich (1956). Review of Jackson (1955). The Modern Language Review 51: 107-109.

1.4. Grammar and syntax

Broderick, George (2011). ‘The imperfect and secondary future in Late Spoken Manx’, Scottish Gaelic Studies 28: 307-332.

Broderick, George (2017). ‘The Manx Verbal Noun Revisited’, Journal of Celtic Linguistics 18: 117-125.

Carmody, Francis J. (1947). Manx Gaelic Sentence Structure in the 1819 Bible and the 1625 Prayer Book. Berkeley: University of California Publications.

Lewin, Christopher (2016). ‘The syntax of the verbal noun in Manx Gaelic’, Journal of Celtic Linguistics 17: 147-239.

Lewin, Christopher (2016). ‘Syntactic innovation in Manx and Sutherland Gaelic’, in Wilson McLeod, Anja Gunderloch and Rob Dunbar (eds), Rannsachadh na Gàidhlig 8. Edinburgh: Dunedin.

O’Rahilly, T. F. (1931). ‘Some verbal forms in Scottish Gaelic, Manx, and Ulster Irish’. Scottish Gaelic Studies 3: 52-72.

Thomson, Robert L. (1952). ‘The syntax of the verb in Manx Gaelic’, Études celtiques 5: 260-292.

Thomson, Robert L. (1969). ‘The Study of Manx Gaelic. Sir John Rhys Memorial Lecture’, Proceedings of the British Academy 55: 177-210.

Thomson, Robert L. (1981). Lessoonyn Sodjey ’sy Ghailck Vanninagh [a linguistic commentary on the Manx translations of John’s Gospel]. Douglas: Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh.

Thomson, Robert L. (1986). ‘Ned Maddrell Memorial Lecture, 1986. Change or Decay?’ Unpublished typescript, Manx National Heritage Library MS 13047.

1.5. Grammars

Broderick, George (1984a). A Handbook of Late Spoken Manx. Vol. 1: Grammar and Texts. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Gill, William (ed.) (1859). John Kelly. A practical grammar of the Antient Gaelic, or language of the Isle of Man, usually called Manks. Douglas: Manx Society.

Kewley Draskau, Jennifer (2008). Practical Manx. Liverpool: University Press.

Kneen, J. J. (1931). A Grammar of the Manx Language. Oxford: University Press. Reprinted by Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh 1970.

Leo, Heinrich (1847). ‘Grammatik des auf der insel Man gesprochenen dialectes der gaelischen sprache oder des manxischen’ in Ferienschriften. Vermischte abhandlungen zur geschichte der deutschen und keltischen sprache. Halle: Eduard Anton, pp. 117-251.

Thomson, Robert (1953). Early Manx. A Contribution to the Historical Study of Manx Gaelic arranged as a supplementary volume to the Moore-Rhys edition of the Phillips Prayer Book (1610). Unpublished dissertation. University of Glasgow.

1.6. Dictionaries, glossaries and vocabulary

Broderick, George (1984b). A Handbook of Late Spoken Manx. Vol. 2: Dictionary. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Broderick, George (1987). ‘A Handbook of Late Spoken Manx: Index of Gaelic Words’. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 42: 293-310.

Gill, W. Walter (1929). Manx Dialect Words and Phrases. London: Arrowsmith.

Ifans, Dafydd & Robert Thomson (1979-1980). ‘Edward Lhuyd’s Geirieu Manaweg’. Studia Celtica 14-15: 129-167.

Kermode, P. M. C. (1885). ‘Some remarks on the mammals of the Isle of Mann’. Manx Note Book 1: 119.

Lockwood, W. B. (1966). Linguistic Taboo in Manx and Anglo-Manx’. Journal of the Manx Museum 7, 82: 29-32.

Lockwood, W. B. (1969). ‘Some Manx Bird Names’. Journal of the Manx Museum, 7, 88: 117-120.

Moore, Arthur W., Sophia Morrison & Edmund Goodwin (1924). A Vocabulary of the Anglo-Manx Dialect. London: Oxford University Press.

Ó Baoill, Colum. (1994). ‘Gaelic Ichthyonymy: studying the terms used for fish in Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx.’ Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 46: 164-199.

Thomson, Robert (1954-57). ‘A Glossary of Early Manx’. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 24: 272-307; 25: 100-140, 264-308; 27: 79-160.

Thomson, Robert (1961-1962). ‘Jeelym Gailckagh: Edward Lhuyd’s Manx vocabulary of 1707’. Journal of the Manx Museum 78: 149-151.

Thomson, Robert (1963). ‘Norse Loanwords in Manx’. Scottish Gaelic Studies 10: 65-68.

Thomson, R. L. (1967). ‘Notes on Some Manx Words’. Journal of the Manx Museum 7, 83: 62-64. [chladdagh < *sladdaght, G. sladachd ‘destruction’, lheid y, faill, yei, ny heiyn ‘guest’, yiry, eerrey ‘furlong’, chymmylt ‘around’ > ‘foreskin’]

Thomson, Robert (1984). ‘Aspects on the Gaelic-Norse Controversy: Manx Personal Names and General Vocabulary’. Proceedings of the Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society 9: 145-55.

Thomson, Robert L. (1988). ‘Manx-Latin gilbogus again’. Celtica 20: 141-144.

Thomson, Robert L. (1990). ‘The Revd Dr John Kelly as a Lexicographer’. Proceedings of the Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society 9: 443-458.

Thomson, Robert (1991). ‘Foreign elements in the Manx vocabulary’ in P. Sture Ureland and George Broderick (eds.), Language Contact in the British Isles. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Language Contact in Europe, Douglas, Isle of Man, 1988. pp. 127-140.

Wagner, Heinrich (1953). ‘Zum Manx-Wort für Feuer’. Lexis 3: 133–134.

1.7. Sociolinguistics, language death and language revival

Ager, Simon (2009). A study of language death and revival with a particular focus on Manx Gaelic. M.A. dissertation. University of Bangor.

Broderick, George (1991). ‘The decline and death of Manx Gaelic’ in P. Sture Ureland and George Broderick (eds.), Language Contact in the British Isles. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Language Contact in Europe, Douglas, Isle of Man, 1988. Tübingen: Niemeyer. pp. 63-125.

Broderick, George (1999). Language Death in the Isle of Man. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Broderick, George (2013): ‘Neologisms in revived Manx Gaelic’. Studia Celtica Fennica 10: 7-29.

Broderick, George (2013): ‘The revival of Manx Gaelic in the Isle of Man’. Scottish Gaelic Studies 29: 132-171.

Broderick, George (2015). ‘‘The Revival of Manx Gaelic in the Isle of Man’’. In P. Sture Ureland (ed.): Minority languages in Europe and beyond – results and prospects. Berlin: Logos. pp. 33–58.

Clague, Marie (2004/2005). ‘Cross-Linguistic Discourse Markers in Manx Gaelic and English’. Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium 24/25: 195-205.

Clague, Marie (2007) ‘Narratives in Manx: strategies in immersion acquired language’. Journal of Applied Linguistics 4.3: 261-284.

Clague, Marie (2009). ‘Manx Language Revitalization and Immersion Education’. eKeltoi Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies. Volume 2: Cultural Survival.

Davies, A. S. B. (1948). ‘Cyflwr Presennol Iaith Geltaidd Ynys Manaw’. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 12: 89-91.

George, Ken and George Broderick (2010). ‘The revived languages – Cornish and Manx’ in Ball, Martin J., & Nicole Müller. (eds.) (2010). The Celtic Languages. London: Routledge.

Hindley, Reg (1984). ‘The Decline of the Manx Language: a Study in Linguistic Geography’. Bradford Occasional Papers 6: 15-39.

Kewley Draskau, Jennifer (2001). ‘The Sociolinguistics of Terminology, with especial reference to Less Widely-Used and Revitalised Languages’. International Conference ‘Language and Society’, Academy of Science, Moscow, 23–26.10.2001; seminar, Centre for Manx Studies, University of Liverpool, 19.02.2002. < http://dbweb.liv.ac.uk/manxstudies/sm/papers/jenniferk-d.pdf>

Kewley Draskau, Jennifer (2005). ‘Language Death and Resurrection in the Isle of Man: the continuity of Manx Gaelic Exemplified by the Use of Inflected Verb Tenses’. Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium 25: 229-246.

Kewley Draskau, Jennifer (2006). ‘Interlingual Contact: Some Modals with Variable Morphology in Manx Gaelic’. Journal of Celtic Linguistics 10: 85–120.

Kewley Draskau, Jennifer (2006). ‘A Tale of the Undead: The Revival of Manx Gaelic’. International Journal of the Humanities 6: 13–18.

König, Claudia (1996). The Manx Language – Past and Present. A Sociolinguistic Study. Unpublished thesis, University of Mainz.

Lewin, Christopher (2015). ‘Classical Manx, Revived Manx and English: competing standards’. In P. Sture Ureland (ed.): Minority languages in Europe and beyond – results and prospects. Berlin: Logos. pp. 23–31

Mannette, Antonia (2012). Language Learning in Pubs, Tea Rooms and other Non-Formal Settings. M.A. dissertation. University of Alberta.

Miller, Stephen (2007). ‘“Here the Manx language lingers, and may linger some time longer”: Manx and English in Cregneash in 1901’. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 55: 108-121.

Miller, Stephen (2015) ‘“Unable to express himself in English”: The Rev. E.B. Savage and his search for the last monoglots of Manx (1884)’. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 62: 183-198.

Ó hIfearnáin, Tadhg (2007). ‘Manx orthography and language ideology in the Gaelic continuum’. In Jean-Michel Eloy and Tadhg Ó hIfearnáin (eds) Langues proches–Langues collatérales / Near Languages–Collateral Languages (pp. 159–170). Paris: Harmattan.

Ó hIfearnáin, Tadhg (2015). ‘Sociolinguistic vitality of Manx after extreme language shift: authenticity without traditional native speakers’, International Journal of the Sociology of Language 231: 45–62.

Pilgrim, Adrian and Jennifer Draskau (1991) ‘Manx Gaelic: The Siege continues’, Terminology Science and Research 2: 76–82.

Simpkin, Gemma (2014). How much L1 does a terminal speaker know? Undergraduate dissertation. Edge Hill University.

Stowell, Brian (2005). ‘The Case of Manx Gaelic’. In Diarmuid Ó Néill (ed.) Rebuilding the Celtic languages: reversing language shift in the Celtic countries (pp. 383-416). Talybont: Y Lolfa.

2. Literature

2.1 Religious prose

Broderick, George (1978). Five Stories from the Old testament Apocrypha in Manx Gaelic (with an Introduction by Robert L. Thomson). Douglas: Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh.

Kavanagh, Séamus (1947): A Manx Sermon. Douglas. Reprinted from Féilschribhinn Torna.

Lewin, Christopher (2011). ‘A sermon in Manx translated from the work of Thomas Wilson: Text and Commentary’. Scottish Gaelic Studies 28: 175-210.

Lewin, Christopher (2015). ‘A Manx sermon from 1696’. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 62: 45-96.

Moore, Arthur W. and John Rhŷs (eds.) (1895). The Book of Common Prayer in Manx Gaelic. 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Thomson, Robert L. (1979). ‘Introduction’ in Bible Chasherick yn Lught Thie [reprint of 1819 edition of the Manx Bible]. Onchan: Shearwater Press.

Thomson, Robert L. (ed.) (1997). Paart dy homileeyn ny sharmaneyn oikoil Agglish Hostyn. Douglas: Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh.

Thomson, Robert L. (ed.) (1998). Yn Fer-raauee Creestee (1763) The Christian Monitor (1686) A Bilingual Edition with Notes and Introduction. Douglas: Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh.

2.1 Religious verse

Moore, Arthur W. (1891). Carvallyn Gailckagh. Douglas.

Thomson, Robert L. (1959-60). ‘Jeelym Gailckagh: Gaelic Gleanings’ [linguistic notes on a verse in the Carval Vraaraghyn deyr graihagh ennoil]. Journal of the Manx Museum 6, 76: 88.

Thomson, Robert L. (1960-61): ‘The Genesis of Carvalyn Gailckagh’. Journal of the Manx Museum 6, 77: 102-103.

Thomson, Robert L. (ed.) (1995). Pargys Caillit. An abridgement of John Milton’s Paradise Lost By Thomas Christian with the anonymous translation of Thomas Parnell’s The Hermit. Douglas: Centre for Manx Studies.

2.3 Secular verse and song

Broderick, George (1980-81): ‘Manx Traditional Songs and Song Fragments I: Manx Museum MS. 263A (Clucas Coll.)’. Béaloideas 48-49: 9-29.

Broderick, George (1981). ‘Baase Illiam Dhone’. Celtica 14: 105-123.

Broderick, George (1982): ‘Manx Traditional Songs and Song Fragments II: Manx Museum MS. 450A’. Béaloideas 50: 1-41.

Broderick, George (1984). ‘Ny Kirree fo Niaghtey’. Celtica 16: 157-68.

Broderick, George (1984). ‘Berrey Dhone: A Manx Caillech Bérri?’ Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 40: 193-210.

Broderick, George (1984). ‘Ec ny Fiddleryn’. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 40: 211-227.

Broderick, George (1990). ‘Fin as Oshin’. Celtica 21: 51-60.

Moore, A. W. (1896). Manx Ballads and Music. Douglas.

Ó Muircheartaigh, Peadar (2016). ‘Fin as Ossian revisited: A Manx ballad in Belanagare and its significance’. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 63: 95-128.

Strachan, John (1897). ‘A Manx folksong’. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 1: 54-58.

Thomson, Robert L. (1958). ‘The Date of the Traditionary Ballad’. Journal of the Manx Museum, Vol 6, 75: 53-54.

Thomson, Robert L. (1960-62). ‘The Manx Traditionary Ballad’. Études Celtiques 9: 512-48, 10: 60-87.

Thomson, Robert L. (1961). ‘McLagan MS 180’. Scottish Gaelic Studies 9: 9-22.

2.4 Secular prose; folklore and reminiscence

Broderick, George (1974-76): ‘Four Manx Folktales’. Béaloideas 42-44 (1974-76): 41-61.

Broderick, George (1981). ‘Manx Stories and Reminiscences of Ned Beg Hom Ruy’ (introduction and texts), Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 38: 113-178.

Broderick, George (1982b). ‘Manx Stories and Reminiscences of Ned Beg Hom Ruy’ (translation and notes), Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 39: 117-194.

Broderick, George (1983). ‘Boddagh Yn Cooat Laaghagh: A Manx Version of a Fenian Tale’. Béaloideas 51: 1-10.

Gell, John (1948). ‘Seanchas ó Mhanainn’ [six stories of Edward Faragher in normalized spelling with English translation]. Béaloideas 18: 45-58.

Lewin, Christopher (2014). Lioar-lhaih Ghaelgagh: Original Manx Gaelic Prose 1821-1907. Douglas: Culture Vannin.

3. References to Manx (incomplete)

Cubbon, William (1933). A Bibliographical Account of Works Relating to the Isle of Man. Vol. 1. Oxford: University Press.

Green, Antony Dubach (1997). The Prosodic Structure of Irish, Scots Gaelic, and Manx. PhD dissertation. Cornell University.

Greene, David (1979-1980). ‘Perfect and Passive in Eastern and Western Gaelic’. Studia Celtica 14-15: 87-94.

O’Rahilly, T. F. (1926). ‘Etymological Notes’, Scottish Gaelic Studies 1: 28-37. cowag 28-29, kinjagh 30, eiyrt 33-34, eab 35-36.

O’Rahilly, T. F. (1927). ‘Etymological Notes II’. Scottish Gaelic Studies 2: 13-29. jollys, jollyssagh 16-17, filleag 20-21, sproght 22-23, hoshtal, toshtal, sushtal 23, trooid 23-24, spinney, spa(a)gey, peeaghane, speeik, (s)peeikear, blake 24-29.

O’Rahilly, T. F. (1931). ‘Etymological Notes III’, Scottish Gaelic Studies 3: 52-72. seiy 52, oash 52-54, eajee, appee 55-56, ymree, ymmyrch 57, Moirrey-ta 57, (er)nonney 58-60, spaee, beam, speiy/speih 62, spoiy 63-64, aley, aahley 66.

O’Rahilly, T. F. (1932): Irish Dialects Past and Present. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. Reprint 1972. Chapter: ‘Manx’ 113-121. Words: caa 143, caart 148, cadley 193, cass 193, crackan 193, doillee 242, fud 227, folt 193, idir [eddyr] 159, 269, eeck 242, mannagh 48, mrastyr 107, ploogh 244, puddase 241, rugg, ruggyr 119, runt 148, sheeabin 242, théid [hed] 158, 172, thig [hig] 158, 172.

O’Rahilly, T. F. (1942). ‘Notes, Mainly Etymological’. Ériu 13: 144-219. errag 148-149, oney 149-152, fam 162-163, braddan 168-170, whilleen 173-176, wheesh 183-184, fegooish 188-190, faayl, foldyragh 190-191, follym 191-192, meil 193-195, molg, mylg 197-198, bwilleen 200, uinnag 201, liorym 204-205.

O’Rahilly, T. F. (1950). ‘Varia II.’ Celtica 1: 328-386. poanrey, urley, burley, gorley 351-353, (f)arbyl 359-361, maidjey-raue, reuyrey 363-365, ennoil 365-369, quail, quaiyl 370-375.

Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2004). ‘The ‘After’ Perfect and Related Constructions in Gaelic Dialects’. Ériu 54: 179-248.

Wagner, Heinrich (1958-69). Linguistic Atlas and Survey of Irish Dialects. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.

Wagner, Heinrich (1959). Das Verbum in den Sprachen der britischen Inseln. Tübingen: Niemeyer. ‘Charakteristik des manxischen Verbums’ 88-94.

Wagner, Heinrich (1962). ‘Nordeuropäische Lautgeographie’. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 29: 225-298. ‘IV. Bemerkungen zur Phonesis des Manxischen’ 293-294.

Williams, N. J. A. “Gaelic Texts and English Script.” In Marc Caball and Andrew Carpenter (eds.) (2010), Oral and Print Cultures in Ireland, 1600-1900. Dublin: Four Courts Press: 85-101. [VI.B. Irish Literature; VI.A. Irish VIII. ‘Manx Language’

Atha{p,b}askan, Dené

Currently Glottolog uses "Athapaskan", which is closer to the Cree pronunciation of the source word, with unaspirated P. However, the Alaska Native Language Center refers to resolution 97-35 of the Tanana Chief Conference (Interior Alaska), deciding to use "Athabaskan", with B. I do not know whether there are further decisions regarding the name made by other Dené/Atha{p/b}askan groups. But what has been the "Athabaskan languages conference" has recently changed its name into "Dene (Athabaskan) languages conference".

Perhaps using either "Athabaskan" or "Dene"/"Dené" would then be a better choice for Glottolog?

(If that's possible for family-level nodes, it'd be also nice to add all the alternative names, so that users not aware of the variability could successfully find the family.)

ISOCode tlh missing

The ISOcode tlh is missing. It is currently in the ISO-639-3 specification. There is a somewhat active speech community of 20-30 speakers

Update Kachama-Ganjule

Currently, Glottolog shows Kachama-Ganjule as spoken on Gidicho (a.k.a. Aruro) Island in Lake Abaya, Ethiopia. In fact what is spoken on that island is Haro, a dialect or variety of what I guess should be called Kachama-Ganjule-Haro, which I guess is a dialect group in Ta-Ne Omotic > Ometo > East Ometo. See Wolde-Mariam 2015:2-3: Kachama and Ganjule are mutually intelligible with Haro (at least Haro speakers can understand the others), and are "spoken by people who used to live on the neighboring islands" (p. 2).

Reference: Wolde-Mariam, Hirut. 2015. A Grammar of Haro. (LWM 505.) Munich: Lincom Europa.

Johanna Nichols

extend lff to also concatenate ini files