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#UITableView支持不同类型的Cell#

在某些业务场景下,同一个UITableView需要支持多种UITableViewCell。考虑一下即时通信的聊天对话列表,不同的消息类型对应于不同的UITableViewCell,同一个tableview往往需要支持多达10种以上的cell类型,例如文本、图片、位置、红包等等。一般情况下,UITableViewCell往往会和业务数据模型绑定,来展示数据。根据不同的业务数据,对应不同的cell。本文将探讨如何有效的管理和加载多种类型的cell。

为了方便讨论,假设我们要实现一个员工管理系统。一个员工包含名字和头像。如果员工只有名字,则只展示名字,如果只有头像,则只展示头像,如果既有名字,又有头像,则需要既展示头像又展示名字。

我们用一个Person类表示员工,用三种不同的cell来处理不同的展示情况。

@interface Person : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *avatar;
// 创建Cell类型
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString * cellClassName;
// 返回tableViewCell
- (UITableViewCell *)createdTableViewCell:(UITableView *)tableView;
@end
/*负责展示只有名字的员工*/

@interface TextCell : BaseCell

- (void)setPerson:(Person *)p;

@end

/*负责展示只有头像的员工*/

@interface ImageCell : BaseCell

- (void)setPerson:(Person *)p;

@end

/*负责展示只有既有名字又有头像的员工*/

@interface TextImageCell : BaseCell

- (void)setPerson:(Person *)p;

@end

这三个类都继承了BaseCell,BaseCell继承UITableViewCell

@interface BaseCell : UITableViewCell

- (void)setPerson:(Person *)p;

@end

下面我们在UITableView的delegate来处理展示Cell

第一次尝试:

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    BaseCell *cell;
    NSString *cellIdentifier;

    switch (p.showtype) {
        case PersonShowText:
            cellIdentifier = @"TextCell";
            break;
        case PersonShowAvatar:
            cellIdentifier = @"PersonShowAvatar";
            break;
        case PersonShowTextAndAvatar:
            cellIdentifier = @"PersonShowTextAndAvatar";
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
    
    cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:cellIdentifier];
    
    if (!cell) {
        switch (p.showtype) {
            case PersonShowText:
                cell = [[TextCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:cellIdentifier];
                break;
            case PersonShowAvatar:
                cell = [[ImageCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:cellIdentifier];
                break;
            case PersonShowTextAndAvatar:
                cell = [[TextImageCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:cellIdentifier];
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    
    [cell setPerson:p];
    return cell;
}

这段代码实现了根据不同的业务模型选取和显示Cell的逻辑。但是这段代码包含了重复代码,switch case被调用了两次。我们改进一下代码:

第二次尝试

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    BaseCell *cell;
    NSString *cellIdentifier;

	Class cellClass;
    switch (p.showtype) {
        case PersonShowText:
            cellClass = [TextCell class];
            break;
        case PersonShowAvatar:
            cellClass = [ImageCell class];
            break;
        case PersonShowTextAndAvatar:
            cellClass = [TextImageCell class];
            break;
        default:
            cellClass = [UITableViewCell class];
            break;
    }
    
    cellIdentifier = NSStringFromClass(cellClass);

    cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:cellIdentifier];
    if (!cell) {
        cell = [[cellClass alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:cellIdentifier];
    }
    
    [cell setPerson:p];
    
    return cell;
}

这次比第一次的代码看起来好了不少,通过一个通用的Class对象,来动态生成cell,避免了两次调用switch case的重复代码。但是,有没有更好的实现方式?

第三次尝试

- (void)viewDidLoad 
{
	...
	[self registerCell];  //注册cell
}
- (void)registerCell
{
    [_tableView registerClass:[TextCell class] forCellReuseIdentifier:NSStringFromClass([TextCell class])];
    [_tableView registerClass:[ImageCell class] forCellReuseIdentifier:NSStringFromClass([ImageCell class])];
    [_tableView registerClass:[TextImageCell class] forCellReuseIdentifier:NSStringFromClass([TextImageCell class])];
}

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    Person *p = _persons[indexPath.row];
    BaseCell *cell;
    NSString *cellIdentifier;

    switch (p.showtype) {
        case PersonShowText:
            cellIdentifier = NSStringFromClass([TextCell class]);
            break;
        case PersonShowAvatar:
            cellIdentifier = NSStringFromClass([ImageCell class]);
            break;
        case PersonShowTextAndAvatar:
            cellIdentifier = NSStringFromClass([TextImageCell class]);
            break;
        default:
            cellIdentifier = NSStringFromClass([UITableViewCell class]);
            break;
    }
    
    cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:cellIdentifier forIndexPath:indexPath];
        
    [cell setPerson:p];
    
    return cell;
}

可以看到,这次我们调用了 - (void)registerClass:(nullable Class)cellClass forCellReuseIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier 方法,把tableView和cell先配置好,并且在cellForRowAtIndexPath方法里面,去掉了if (!cell) {...}的处理,代码看起来更加简洁。

为什么不再需要判断cell是否为空?因为通过registerClass方法注册了cell之后,dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier forIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath 方法会确保有一个可用的cell返回。

当然,我们可以把类型判断的这段代码提取出来,让cellForRowAtIndexPath方法看起来更加简洁

@interface Person : NSObject

......
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *cellIdentifier;

@end

@implementation Person

- (NSString *)cellIdentifier
{
    if (_showtype == PersonShowTextAndAvatar) {
        return NSStringFromClass([TextImageCell class]);
    } else if (_showtype == PersonShowAvatar){
        return NSStringFromClass([ImageCell class]);
    } else {
        return NSStringFromClass([TextCell class]);
    }
}

@end

现在cellForRowAtIndexPath方法看起来就像下面这样,明显简洁多了

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    Person *p = _persons[indexPath.row];
    BaseCell *cell;
    NSString *cellIdentifier;

    cellIdentifier = p.cellIdentifier;
    
    cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:cellIdentifier forIndexPath:indexPath];
        
    [cell setPerson:p];
    
    return cell;
}

结论:

使用 - (void)registerClass:(nullable Class)cellClass forCellReuseIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier- (UITableViewCell *)dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier forIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath 可以让UITableView处理多种类型的cell更加灵活和轻松。

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