filoluc98 / simulator

Tool to support backtests

cvxsimulator

Given a universe of $m$ assets we are given prices for each of them at time $t_1, t_2, \ldots t_n$, e.g. we operate using an $n \times m$ matrix where each column corresponds to a particular asset.

In a backtest we iterate in time (e.g. row by row) through the matrix and allocate positions to all or some of the assets. This tool shall help to simplify the accounting. It keeps track of the available cash, the profits achieved, etc.

Creating portfolios

The simulator shall be completely agnostic as to the trading policy/strategy. Our approach follows a rather common pattern:

• Create the builder object
• Loop through time
• Build the portfolio

We demonstrate those steps with somewhat silly policies. They are never good strategies, but are always valid ones.

Create the builder object

The user defines a builder object by loading prices and initialize the amount of cash used in an experiment:

import pandas as pd
from cvx.simulator import Builder

prices = pd.read_csv("prices.csv", index_col=0, parse_dates=True, header=0)
b = Builder(prices=prices, initial_cash=1e6)

Prices have to be valid, there may be NaNs only at the beginning and the end of each column in frame. There can be no NaNs hiding in the middle of any time series.

It is also possible to specify a model for trading costs. The builder helps to fill up the frame of positions. Only once done we construct the actual portfolio.

Loop through time

We have overloaded the __iter__ and __setitem__ methods to create a custom loop. Let's start with a first strategy. Each day we choose two names from the universe at random. Buy one (say 0.1 of your portfolio wealth) and short one the same amount.

for t, state in b:
    # pick two assets at random
    pair = np.random.choice(state.assets, 2, replace=False)
    # compute the pair
    units = pd.Series(index=state.assets, data=0.0)
    units[pair] = [state.nav, -state.nav] / state.prices[pair].values
    # update the position
    b.position = 0.1 * units
    # Do not apply trading costs
    b.aum = state.aum

Here t is the growing list of timestamps, e.g. in the first iteration t is $t1$, in the second iteration it will be $t1, t2$ etc.

A lot of magic is hidden in the state variable. The state gives access to the currently available cash, the current prices and the current valuation of all holdings.

Here's a slightly more realistic loop. Given a set of $4$ assets we want to implemenent the popular $1/n$ strategy.

for t, state in b:
    # each day we invest a quarter of the capital in the assets
    b.position = 0.25 * state.nav / state.prices
    b.aum = state.aum

Note that we update the position at the last element in the t list using a series of actual units rather than weights or cashpositions. The builder class also exposes setters for such alternative conventions.

for t, state in b:
    # each day we invest a quarter of the capital in the assets
    b.weights = np.ones(4)*0.25
    b.aum = state.aum

Build the portfolio

Once finished it is possible to build the portfolio object

portfolio = b.build()

Analytics

The portfolio object supports further analysis and exposes a number of properties, e.g.

portfolio.nav
portfolio.cash
portfolio.equity

We have also integrated the quantstats package for further analysis. Hence it is possible to perform

portfolio.snapshot()
portfolio.metrics()
portfolio.plots()
portfolio.html()

We also added an enum

portfolio.plot(kind=Plot.DRAWDOWN)

supporting all plots defined in quantstats.

Poetry

We assume you share already the love for Poetry. Once you have installed poetry you can perform

make install

to replicate the virtual environment we have defined in pyproject.toml.

Jupyter

We install JupyterLab on fly within the aforementioned virtual environment. Executing

make jupyter

will install and start the jupyter lab.