ezimms99 / 608-mod1

My notes and practice from module 1

608-mod1

My notes and practice from module 1

Chapter 1:

• Moore’s Law: Hardware costs have gradually fallen whereas computer capacities have doubled.

  • Amount of memory that computers have for programs
  • Amount of secondary storage
  • Processor speeds

• Bandwidth: Information carrying capacity

• Computer Units (Most have multicore processors):

  • Input: This receiving section obtains information from input devices and places it at the disposal of other units for processing.
  • Output: This shipping section takes information the computer has processed and places it on various output devices to make it available for use outside the computer.
  • Memory: Retains information that has been entered through the input unit.
  • ALU: This manufacturing section performs calculations.
  • CPU: This administrative section coordinates and supervises the operation of the other sections.
  • Secondary Storage: This is the long-term high capacity warehousing section.

• Bit (binary digit): Is the smallest data item in a computer valuing 0 or 1.

• Characters: Digits, letters, and symbols.

• Fields: Composed of characters or bytes, group of characters or bytes that convey meaning.

• Records: Several related fields compose a record.

• Files: A group of related records.

• Databases: Collection of data organized for easy access and manipulation.

• Big data: Massive amounts of data.

• Relational database: Data stored in tables.

• Objects: reusable software components.

• Method: Houses the program statements that perform its tasks.

• Class: houses the set of methods that perform the class’s tasks.

• Instantiation: Process of building an object of a class.

• Method call: Tells a method of the object to perform its task.

• Attributes: Are specified by the class’s instance variables

• Inheritance: The new class (subclass) starts with the characteristics of an existing class (superclass) possibly customizing them.

• OOAD: Analyzing and designing your system from an object-oriented point of view.

• Operating Systems: software systems that make using computers more convenient for users, application developers and system administrators.

• Kernel: The software that contains the core components of the operating system.

• Windows = Proprietary operating system, controlled by microsoft exclusively

• Linux = Open source software

• Apple = Open source

• Android = open source

Python:

• Object oriented scripting language.
• Anaconda python distribution:
  • Easy install on Windows, Mac, and Linux.
  • Supports latest versions of python.
• The Zen of Python summarizes python creator Guido van Rossum’s design principles for python language.
• Python Standard Library: Provides rich capabilities for text/binary data processing, mathematics, functional-style programming, file/directory access, data persistence, data compression/archiving, and more.
• Integrated Development Environments: provide tools that support the entire software-development process.

Jupyter Notebook: An interactive browser-based environment in which you can write and execute code and intermix the code with text, images, and video.

CHAPTER 2:

• Python rules

  • Statement: x=7
  • Identifier: x. Cannot begin with a digit and python is case sensitive.
  • Type: Each kind of data has a type
    • For example: type(10.5) is a float
  • Floating point number: Decimals
  • Floor division: Uses two // and yields the highest integer not greater than the result.
  • Remainder (modulo): Used as % and yields the remainder after division.
  • Exponentiation: ** = x^y
  • Dividing by zero is not allowed
  • Traceback: Reports the error in python
  • Python follows PEMDAS

• Print function: Displays its argument.

• String: A string of characters

• Escape Character: used as a \

  • \n represents a newline character
  • \t inserts a tab
  • \ insert a backslash character in a string
  • \” Insert a double quote character in a string
  • \’ Insert a single quote character in a string

• Using quotes in quotes:

  • print(‘Display “hi” in quotes’)
  • print(‘Display\’hi\’ in quotes’)
  • Can use triple quotes instead
  • print(“””Display “hi” and ‘bye’ in quotes”””)

• Input: Allows users to input an answer

  • Name = input(“What is your name?”)
  • What’s your name? ‘Paul’
  • Name
  • “‘Paul’”
  • print(name)
  • ‘Paul’

• Getting an integer from a user:

  • Value = input(‘Enter an integer: ‘)
  • Enter an integer: 7
  • Value = int(value)
  • Value
  • 7

• Boolean Expressions: Are either true or false.

• Docstring: Each script should start with a docstring that explains the script's purpose. Use triple quotes.

• = means is assigned to

• == means equal to

• Min: smallest value in a collection

• Max: Largest value in a collection

• Range: Range of values from min to max

• Count: Number of values in a collection

• Sum: Total of all values in collection

• Measure of dispersion: Range, variance, standard deviation