springboot-keycloak-openldap

The goal of this project is to create a simple Spring Boot REST API, called simple-service, and secure it with Keycloak. Furthermore, the API users will be loaded into Keycloak from OpenLDAP server.

Note: In springboot-react-keycloak repository, we have implemented a movies-app using Keycloak (with PKCE). This application consists of two services: the backend that was implemented using Spring Boot and the frontend implemented with ReactJS.

Proof-of-Concepts & Articles

On ivangfr.github.io, I have compiled my Proof-of-Concepts (PoCs) and articles. You can easily search for the technology you are interested in by using the filter. Who knows, perhaps I have already implemented a PoC or written an article about what you are looking for.

Additional Readings

[Medium] Implementing and Securing a Simple Spring Boot REST API with Keycloak
[Medium] Implementing and Securing a Simple Spring Boot UI (Thymeleaf + RBAC) with Keycloak
[Medium] Implementing and Securing a Spring Boot GraphQL API with Keycloak
[Medium] Setting Up OpenLDAP With Keycloak For User Federation
[Medium] Integrating GitHub as a Social Identity Provider in Keycloak
[Medium] Integrating Google as a Social Identity Provider in Keycloak
[Medium] Building a Single Spring Boot App with Keycloak or Okta as IdP: Introduction
[Medium] Implementing a Full Stack Web App using Spring-Boot and React
[Medium] Using Keycloak to secure a Full Stack Web App implemented with Spring-Boot and React

Project Diagram

Application

simple-service

Spring Boot Web Java application that exposes the following endpoints:
- GET /api/public: it's a not secured endpoint, everybody can access it;
- GET /api/private: it's a secured endpoint, only accessible by users that provide a JWT access token issued by Keycloak and the token must contain the role USER;
- GET /actuator/*: they are not secured endpoint, used to expose operational information about the application.

Prerequisites

Start Environment

Open a terminal and inside springboot-keycloak-openldap root folder run:
```
docker compose up -d
```
Just wait for the Docker containers to start running. The Keycloak Docker container usually takes longer. You can check its progress by running this command:
```
docker logs keycloak -f
```
Press Ctrl+C to exit

Once you see the following log, Keycloak has started:
```
INFO  [io.quarkus] (main) Keycloak 24.0.3 on JVM (powered by Quarkus 3.8.3) started in 41.728s. Listening on: http://0.0.0.0:8080
```

Import OpenLDAP Users

The LDIF file that we will use, springboot-keycloak-openldap/ldap/ldap-mycompany-com.ldif, contains a pre-defined structure for mycompany.com. Basically, it has 2 groups (developers and admin) and 4 users (Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Mark Cuban and Ivan Franchin). Besides, it's defined that Bill Gates, Steve Jobs and Mark Cuban belong to developers group and Ivan Franchin belongs to admin group.

Bill Gates > username: bgates, password: 123
Steve Jobs > username: sjobs, password: 123
Mark Cuban > username: mcuban, password: 123
Ivan Franchin > username: ifranchin, password: 123

There are two ways to import those users: running a script or using phpldapadmin website.

Running a script

In a terminal and inside springboot-keycloak-openldap root folder run:
```
./import-openldap-users.sh
```

The command below can be used to check the users imported:

ldapsearch -x -D "cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com" \
  -w admin -H ldap://localhost:389 \
  -b "ou=users,dc=mycompany,dc=com" \
  -s sub "(uid=*)"

Using phpldapadmin website

Access https://localhost:6443

Login DN: cn=admin,dc=mycompany,dc=com
Password: admin

Import the file springboot-keycloak-openldap/ldap/ldap-mycompany-com.ldif.
You should see a tree like the one shown in the picture below:

Configure Keycloak

There are two ways: running a script or using Keycloak website.

Running a script

In a terminal, make sure you are inside springboot-keycloak-openldap root folder.
Run the script below to configure Keycloak for simple-service application:
```
./init-keycloak.sh
```
It creates company-services realm, simple-service client, USER client role, ldap federation and the users bgates and sjobs with the role USER assigned.
Copy SIMPLE_SERVICE_CLIENT_SECRET value that is shown at the end of the script. It will be needed whenever we call Keycloak to get a JWT access token to access simple-service.

Using Keycloak website

Please, have a look at this Medium article, Setting Up OpenLDAP With Keycloak For User Federation

Run simple-service using Maven

Open a new terminal and make sure you are in springboot-keycloak-openldap root folder.

Start the application by running the following command:

./mvnw clean spring-boot:run --projects simple-service -Dspring-boot.run.jvmArguments="-Dserver.port=9080"

Test using curl

Open a new terminal.

Call the endpoint GET /api/public:

curl -i http://localhost:9080/api/public

It should return:

HTTP/1.1 200
It is public.

Try to call the endpoint GET /api/private without authentication:
```
curl -i http://localhost:9080/api/private
```
It should return:
```
HTTP/1.1 401
```
Create an environment variable that contains the Client Secret generated by Keycloak to simple-service at Configure Keycloak step:
```
SIMPLE_SERVICE_CLIENT_SECRET=...
```

Run the command below to get an access token for bgates user:

BGATES_ACCESS_TOKEN=$(curl -s -X POST \
  "http://localhost:8080/realms/company-services/protocol/openid-connect/token" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
  -d "username=bgates" \
  -d "password=123" \
  -d "grant_type=password" \
  -d "client_secret=$SIMPLE_SERVICE_CLIENT_SECRET" \
  -d "client_id=simple-service" | jq -r .access_token)

Note: In jwt.io, you can decode and verify the JWT access token

Call the endpoint GET /api/private:

curl -i http://localhost:9080/api/private -H "Authorization: Bearer $BGATES_ACCESS_TOKEN"

It should return:

HTTP/1.1 200
bgates, it is private.

The access token default expiration period is 5 minutes. So, wait for this time and, using the same access token, try to call the private endpoint.

It should return:
```
HTTP/1.1 401
WWW-Authenticate: Bearer realm="company-services", error="invalid_token", error_description="Token is not active"
```

Test using Swagger

Access http://localhost:9080/swagger-ui.html.
Click GET /api/public to open it. Then, click Try it out button and, finally, click Execute button.

It should return:
```
Code: 200
Response Body: It is public.
```
Now click GET /api/private secured endpoint. Let's try it without authentication. Then, click Try it out button and, finally, click Execute button.

It should return:
```
Code: 401
Details: Error: response status is 401
```
In order to access the private endpoint, you need an access token. So, open a terminal.
Create an environment variable that contains the Client Secret generated by Keycloak to simple-service at Configure Keycloak step:
```
SIMPLE_SERVICE_CLIENT_SECRET=...
```

Run the following commands:

BGATES_ACCESS_TOKEN=$(curl -s -X POST \
  "http://localhost:8080/realms/company-services/protocol/openid-connect/token" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
  -d "username=bgates" \
  -d "password=123" \
  -d "grant_type=password" \
  -d "client_secret=$SIMPLE_SERVICE_CLIENT_SECRET" \
  -d "client_id=simple-service" | jq -r .access_token)
  
echo $BGATES_ACCESS_TOKEN

Copy the token generated and go back to Swagger.
Click Authorize button and paste the access token in the Value field. Then, click Authorize button and, to finalize, click Close.
Go to GET /api/private and call this endpoint again, now with authentication.

It should return:
```
Code: 200
Response Body: bgates, it is private.
```

Using client_id and client_secret to get access token

You can get an access token to simple-service using client_id and client_secret

Configuration

Access http://localhost:8080;
Click the dropdown button that contains Keycloak and select company-services;
On the left menu, click Clients;
Select simple-service client;
In Settings tab:
- Go to Capability config and check Service accounts roles checkbox;
- Click Save button;
In Service account roles tab:
- Click service-account-simple-service link present in the info message;
  
  "To manage detail and group mappings, click on the username service-account-simple-service"
- In Role mapping tab:
  - Click Assign role button;
  - Click Filter by realm roles dropdown button and select Filter by clients;
  - In Search by role name type simple-service and press Enter;
  - Select [simple-service] USER name and click Assign button;
  - Now, service-account-simple-service has the role USER of simple-service assigned.

Test

Open a terminal.
Create an environment variable that contains the Client Secret generated by Keycloak to simple-service at Configure Keycloak step.
```
SIMPLE_SERVICE_CLIENT_SECRET=...
```

Run the following command:

CLIENT_ACCESS_TOKEN=$(curl -s -X POST \
  "http://localhost:8080/realms/company-services/protocol/openid-connect/token" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
  -d "grant_type=client_credentials" \
  -d "client_secret=$SIMPLE_SERVICE_CLIENT_SECRET" \
  -d "client_id=simple-service" | jq -r .access_token)

Try to call the endpoint GET /api/private:

curl -i http://localhost:9080/api/private -H "Authorization: Bearer $CLIENT_ACCESS_TOKEN"

It should return:

HTTP/1.1 200
service-account-simple-service, it is private.

Running simple-service as a Docker container

In a terminal, make sure you are in springboot-keycloak-openldap root folder.
Build Docker Image:
- JVM
```
./docker-build.sh
```
- Native
```
./docker-build.sh native
```
Environment Variable Description

KEYCLOAK_HOST Specify host of the Keycloak to use (default localhost)

KEYCLOAK_PORT Specify port of the Keycloak to use (default 8080)

Environment Variable	Description
`KEYCLOAK_HOST`	Specify host of the `Keycloak` to use (default `localhost`)
`KEYCLOAK_PORT`	Specify port of the `Keycloak` to use (default `8080`)

Run Docker Container:

docker run --rm --name simple-service \
  -p 9080:8080 \
  -e KEYCLOAK_HOST=keycloak \
  --network=springboot-keycloak-openldap_default \
  ivanfranchin/simple-service:1.0.0

Open a new terminal.
Create an environment variable that contains the Client Secret generated by Keycloak to simple-service at Configure Keycloak step.
```
SIMPLE_SERVICE_CLIENT_SECRET=...
```

Run the commands below to get an access token for bgates user:

BGATES_TOKEN=$(
  docker run -t --rm -e CLIENT_SECRET=$SIMPLE_SERVICE_CLIENT_SECRET --network springboot-keycloak-openldap_default alpine/curl:latest sh -c '
    curl -s -X POST http://keycloak:8080/realms/company-services/protocol/openid-connect/token \
      -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
      -d "username=bgates" \
      -d "password=123" \
      -d "grant_type=password" \
      -d "client_secret=$CLIENT_SECRET" \
      -d "client_id=simple-service"')

BGATES_ACCESS_TOKEN=$(echo $BGATES_TOKEN | jq -r .access_token)

Call the endpoint GET /api/private:

curl -i http://localhost:9080/api/private -H "Authorization: Bearer $BGATES_ACCESS_TOKEN"

It should return:

HTTP/1.1 200
bgates, it is private.

Shutdown

To stop simple-service application, go to the terminal where it is running and press Ctrl+C;
To stop and remove docker compose containers, network and volumes, go to a terminal and inside springboot-keycloak-openldap root folder, run the following command:
```
docker compose down -v
```

Cleanup

To remove the Docker image create by this project, go to a terminal and, inside springboot-keycloak-openldap root folder, run the following script:

./remove-docker-images.sh

References

https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/

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