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A starter template for TypeScript and WeChat with a detailed README describing how to use the two together.

License: MIT License

JavaScript 35.07% TypeScript 38.31% HTML 26.62%

typescript-wechat-starter's Introduction

English version

本教程将覆盖了基本的在使用微信JSSDK的网页上运用TypeScript的例子。

开始之前

  1. 安装node.js

  2. 拥有/申请网页将使用的域名以及能够使用Node.js的服务器。可参照Create a Node.js Application on Web App文档使用Azure。

  3. 完成微信开发文档步骤一:绑定域名。如果没有自己的公众号,可注册并使用微信测试号。记录下自己的appId, appsecret以及将使用的host URL。

搭建node.js/express后台

初始

建立一个新的npm package,

mkdir wxapp
cd wxapp
npm init

在生成的package.jsonscripts中添加以下scripts,

"scripts": {
    "start": "node index.js",
    "build-ts": "node ./node_modules/typescript/bin/tsc"
},

安装需要的packages(express, ejs, request以及sha1),

npm install --save express ejs request sha1

安装TypeScript以及之前安装的packages的类型定义。

npm install --save-dev typescript @types/node @types/express @types/request @types/sha1

由于暂时DefinitelyTyped中并没有JSSDK相关的类型定义文件(.d.ts),请将本项目中的types文件夹(包含类型定义文件wechat.d.ts)复制到根目录(wxapp)中以便TypeScript获取JSSDK的类型定义。

配置TypeScript

wxapp根目录下添加TypeScript配置文件tsconfig.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "es6",                          /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', or 'ESNEXT'. */
    "module": "commonjs",                     /* Specify module code generation: 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd' or 'es2015'. */
    "moduleResolution": "node"                /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6). */
  }
}

可以根据项目的需求自行添加其他编译选项,比如strict

获取jsapi_ticket

对应通过config接口注入权限验证配置文档,调用微信JSSDK需要在自己的服务器后台向微信服务器获取jsapi_ticket并在前端通过wx.config进行验证。大致实现流程,

在根目录添加后台的初始文件index.ts

import * as express from "express";
import * as request from "request";
import sha1 = require("sha1");

let app = express(); 

// Insert metadata
let appId = '';             // Insert your appId
let appsecret = '';         // insert your appsecret
let url = '';               // insert host url, e.g. http://wxapp.azurewebsites.net/
let nonceStr = '';          // insert any string

// define an interface containing params for wx.config
interface configObj {
    appId: string,
    timestamp: string,
    nonceStr: string,
    signature: string
}

// handshake with WeChat server and get signature for wx.config
function getWXConfig(cb) {
    request.get('https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid='+appId+'&secret='+appsecret, (err, res, body) => {
        request.get('https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token='+JSON.parse(body).access_token+'&type=jsapi', (err, res, body) => {
            let ticket = JSON.parse(body).ticket;
            let o: configObj = {
                appId: appId,
                nonceStr: nonceStr, 
                timestamp: new Date().getTime() / 1000 + '',
                signature: ''
            };
            o.signature = sha1('jsapi_ticket='+ticket+'&noncestr='+o.nonceStr+'&timestamp='+o.timestamp+'&url='+url).toString();
            cb(o);
        });
    });
}

app.engine('.html', require('ejs').__express);          // set up ejs as view engine
app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');                 // set views dir
app.set('view engine', 'html');                         // use .html for ejs files
app.use(express.static('public'))                       // expose assets in /public
app.get('/', function (req, res) {
    getWXConfig(config => {
        // handshake with WeChat server and render index.html with the returned signature
        res.render('index', {
            appId: config.appId,
            timestamp: config.timestamp,
            nonceStr: config.nonceStr,
            signature: config.signature,
        });
    })
});
app.listen(8080);

index.ts中修改并填入自己的appId等等参数,

// Insert metadata
let appId = '';                     // Insert your appId
let appsecret = '';                 // insert your appsecret
let url = '';                       // insert host url, e.g. http://wxapp.azurewebsites.net/
let nonceStr = 'hellotypescript';   // insert any string

建立的node.js+express后台会通过getWXConfig向微信服务器获取jsapi_ticket,并将wx.config所需的参数通过ejs渲染(res.render(...))至客户端页面。

index.ts中已定义将后台推至客户端的文件放入/views(包含所有需要ejs渲染的html文件)以及/public(其余的文件)文件夹。之后的步骤将覆盖前端的页面。

app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');                 // set views dir
app.use(express.static('public'))                       // expose assets in /public

客户端页面

index.html

在根目录下建立views文件夹并在其中添加index.html(推至客户端的主页),

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title> WeChat TypeScript sample </title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.0.0.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    wx.config({
        debug: false,
        appId: '<%=appId%>',
        timestamp: '<%=timestamp%>',
        nonceStr: '<%=nonceStr%>',
        signature: '<%=signature%>',
        jsApiList: [
            'checkJsApi',
            'onMenuShareTimeline',
            'onMenuShareAppMessage',
            'onMenuShareQQ',
            'onMenuShareWeibo',
            'onMenuShareQZone',
            'hideMenuItems',
            'showMenuItems',
            'hideAllNonBaseMenuItem',
            'showAllNonBaseMenuItem',
            'translateVoice',
            'startRecord',
            'stopRecord',
            'onVoiceRecordEnd',
            'playVoice',
            'onVoicePlayEnd',
            'pauseVoice',
            'stopVoice',
            'uploadVoice',
            'downloadVoice',
            'chooseImage',
            'previewImage',
            'uploadImage',
            'downloadImage',
            'getNetworkType',
            'openLocation',
            'getLocation',
            'hideOptionMenu',
            'showOptionMenu',
            'closeWindow',
            'scanQRCode',
            'chooseWXPay',
            'openProductSpecificView',
            'addCard',
            'chooseCard',
            'openCard'
        ]
    });
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/demo.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

index.html中引入了微信JSSDK(http://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.0.0.js)以及将在客户端实现的简单的demo(/js/demo.js)。嵌入的JavaScript包含了之前渲染的getWXConfig提供的讯息并通过wx.config注入权限验证配置。

demo.ts

在根目录下建立public/js文件夹,并在其中添加demo.ts,

wx.ready(() => {
    // open specifc location on map
    wx.openLocation({
        latitude: 0,
        longitude: 0,
        name: '',
        address: '',
        scale: 1,
        infoUrl: ''
    });
})

wx.error((err) => alert(err));

在这个简化的例子中,我们仅使用wx.openLocation打开地图,但在demo.ts中你可以尝试使用任何在JsApiList中申请的API。

生成与部署

.ts文件编译成.js

npm run build-ts

部署至服务器。

将页面所在的网址转换成二维码,打开微信扫一扫便可看到成果。

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