基于全志V3s自制GBA开源游戏掌机
视频介绍 https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1JP4y1X7Uz
图片展示
以下内容为镜像的构建过程，你也可以直接使用我制作好的镜像
百度网盘
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ftacGCXHLy-AFabczBg3yg
提取码：9bp8
X-Boy 系统镜像构建全流程指南
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/18.04/ubuntu-18.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso
使用物理机或者虚拟机安装都可以
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install -y device-tree-compiler python flex bison ncurses-dev libssl-dev
mkdir ~/linux/tools && cd ~/linux/tools
wget https://releases.linaro.org/components/toolchain/binaries/4.9-2017.01/arm-linux-gnueabihf/gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz
sudo mkdir /usr/local/arm && sudo tar -vxf gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz -C /usr/local/arm
sudo vim ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/arm/gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin
source ~/.bashrc
sudo apt-get install lsb-core lib32stdc++6
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -v
mkdir ~/v3s && cd ~/v3s
git clone https://github.com/Lichee-Pi/u-boot.git -b v3s-current
uboot 的目录结构
├── api 存放uboot提供的API接口函数
├── arch 平台相关的部分我们只需要关心这个目录下的ARM文件夹
│ ├──arm
│ │ └──cpu
│ │ │ └──armv7
│ │ └──dts
│ │ │ └──*.dts 存放设备的dts,也就是设备配置相关的引脚信息
├── board 对于不同的平台的开发板对应的代码
├── cmd 顾名思义，大部分的命令的实现都在这个文件夹下面。
├── common 公共的代码
├── configs 各个板子的对应的配置文件都在里面，我们的Lichee配置也在里面
├── disk 对磁盘的一些操作都在这个文件夹里面，例如分区等。
├── doc 参考文档，这里面有很多跟平台等相关的使用文档。
├── drivers 各式各样的驱动文件都在这里面
├── dts 一种树形结构（device tree）这个应该是uboot新的语法
├── examples 官方给出的一些样例程序
├── fs 文件系统，uboot会用到的一些文件系统
├── include 头文件，所有的头文件都在这个文件夹下面
├── lib 一些常用的库文件在这个文件夹下面
├── Licenses 这个其实跟编译无关了，就是一些license的声明
├── net 网络相关的，需要用的小型网络协议栈
├── post 上电自检程序
├── scripts 编译脚本和Makefile文件
├── spl second program loader，即相当于二级uboot启动。
├── test 小型的单元测试程序。
└── tools 里面有很多uboot常用的工具。
在文件中添加
#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND "setenv bootm_boot_mode sec; " \
"load mmc 0:1 0x41000000 zImage; " \
"load mmc 0:1 0x41800000 sun8i-v3s-licheepi-zero-dock.dtb; " \
"bootz 0x41000000 - 0x41800000;"
#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS "console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200 panic=5 rootwait root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 earlyprintk rw vt.global_cursor_default=0"
cd u-boot
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- LicheePi_Zero_defconfig
make ARCH=arm menuconfig
time make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- 2>&1 | tee build.log
在 uboot 顶层 Makefile 的 248 行，添加默认编译器，就可以直接用 make 编译了。
# set default to nothing for native builds
ifeq ($(HOSTARCH),$(ARCH))
CROSS_COMPILE ?=
endif
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-gnueabihf-
KCONFIG_CONFIG ?= .config
export KCONFIG_CONFIG
编译成功
后面编译好 kernel 和 rootfs 然后一起烧录
cd ~/v3s
git clone -b zero-5.2.y https://github.com/Lichee-Pi/linux.git
在内核根目录下的 Makefile 364 行修改默认编译器，可以直接用 make 编译
# ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-gnueabihf-
cd linux
make licheepi_zero_defconfig
make menuconfig
勾选驱动
Device Drivers --->
Input device support --->
<*> Joystick interface
[*] Joysticks/Gamepads --->
<*> X-Box gamepad support
[*] X-Box gamepad rumble support
[*] LED Support for Xbox360 controller 'BigX' LED
[ * ] Staging drivers --->
<*> Support for small TFT LCD display modules --->
<*> FB driver for the ILI9341 LCD Controller
<*> Generic FB driver for TFT LCD displays
修改设备树 arch/arm/boot/dts/sun8i-v3s-licheepi-zero.dts
在 chosen 中添加 /delete-node/ framebuffer@0; 删除原来的 simplefb 节点（ uboot 里有使能 fb 的操作，必须删除而不是 disable ）
chosen {
stdout-path = "serial0:115200n8";
/delete-node/ framebuffer@0;
};
删除 &i2c0 节点
&i2c0 {
status = "okay";
ns2009: ns2009@48 {
compatible = "nsiway,ns2009";
reg = <0x48>;
};
};
修改设备树 arch/arm/boot/dts/sun8i-v3s-licheepi-zero-dock.dts
删除 &lradc 和 &i2c0 （ lradc 用不到，gt911 占用引脚和屏幕的 spi 引脚有冲突，所以删掉）
&lradc {
vref-supply = <®_vcc3v0>;
status = "okay";
button-200 {
label = "Volume Up";
linux,code = <KEY_VOLUMEUP>;
channel = <0>;
voltage = <200000>;
};
button-400 {
label = "Volume Down";
linux,code = <KEY_VOLUMEDOWN>;
channel = <0>;
voltage = <400000>;
};
button-600 {
label = "Select";
linux,code = <KEY_SELECT>;
channel = <0>;
voltage = <600000>;
};
button-800 {
label = "Start";
linux,code = <KEY_OK>;
channel = <0>;
voltage = <800000>;
};
};
&i2c0 {
gt911: touchscreen@14 {
compatible = "goodix,gt911";
reg = <0x5d>;
interrupt-parent = <&pio>;
interrupts = <1 5 IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING>; /* (PB5) */
pinctrl-names = "default";
irq-gpios = <&pio 1 5 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>; /* (PB5) */
reset-gpios = <&pio 2 1 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>; /* RST (PC1) */
/* touchscreen-swapped-x-y */
};
};
在最后添加
&spi0 {
status = "okay";
ili9341@0 {
compatible = "ilitek,ili9341";
reg = <0>;
spi-max-frequency = <60000000>;
rotate = <270>;
bgr;
fps = <50>;
buswidth = <8>;
reset-gpios = <&pio 1 2 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
dc-gpios = <&pio 1 5 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
debug = <0>;
};
};
这样启动时的信息会通过 ili9341 LCD 显示
5.2 内核需要修改 drivers/staging/fbtft/fbtft_core.c 的 fbtft_request_one_gpio() 方法，否则开机 log 会报申请 gpio 失败
注意需要在该文件引入下面头文件，否则编译报错
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
static int fbtft_request_one_gpio(struct fbtft_par *par,
const char *name, int index,
struct gpio_desc **gpiop)
{
struct device *dev = par->info->device;
struct device_node *node = dev->of_node;
int gpio, flags, ret = 0;
enum of_gpio_flags of_flags;
if (of_find_property(node, name, NULL)) {
gpio = of_get_named_gpio_flags(node, name, index, &of_flags);
if (gpio == -ENOENT)
return 0;
if (gpio == -EPROBE_DEFER)
return gpio;
if (gpio < 0) {
dev_err(dev,
"failed to get '%s' from DT\n", name);
return gpio;
}
//active low translates to initially low
flags = (of_flags & OF_GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW) ? GPIOF_OUT_INIT_LOW :
GPIOF_OUT_INIT_HIGH;
ret = devm_gpio_request_one(dev, gpio, flags,
dev->driver->name);
if (ret) {
dev_err(dev,
"gpio_request_one('%s'=%d) failed with %d\n",
name, gpio, ret);
return ret;
}
*gpiop = gpio_to_desc(gpio);
fbtft_par_dbg(DEBUG_REQUEST_GPIOS, par, "%s: '%s' = GPIO%d\n",
__func__, name, gpio);
}
return ret;
}
修改引脚 bug
fbtft_bus.c 的 fbtft_write_vmem16_bus8() 方法
int fbtft_write_vmem16_bus8(struct fbtft_par *par, size_t offset, size_t len)
{
u16 *vmem16;
__be16 *txbuf16 = par->txbuf.buf;
size_t remain;
size_t to_copy;
size_t tx_array_size;
int i;
int ret = 0;
size_t startbyte_size = 0;
fbtft_par_dbg(DEBUG_WRITE_VMEM, par, "%s(offset=%zu, len=%zu)\n",
__func__, offset, len);
remain = len / 2;
vmem16 = (u16 *)(par->info->screen_buffer + offset);
if (par->gpio.dc)
{
//printk("dc拉高！\n");
gpiod_set_value(par->gpio.dc, 1);
}
/* non buffered write */
if (!par->txbuf.buf)
return par->fbtftops.write(par, vmem16, len);
/* buffered write */
tx_array_size = par->txbuf.len / 2;
if (par->startbyte) {
txbuf16 = par->txbuf.buf + 1;
tx_array_size -= 2;
*(u8 *)(par->txbuf.buf) = par->startbyte | 0x2;
startbyte_size = 1;
}
while (remain) {
to_copy = min(tx_array_size, remain);
dev_dbg(par->info->device, "to_copy=%zu, remain=%zu\n",
to_copy, remain - to_copy);
for (i = 0; i < to_copy; i++)
txbuf16[i] = cpu_to_be16(vmem16[i]);
vmem16 = vmem16 + to_copy;
ret = par->fbtftops.write(par, par->txbuf.buf,
startbyte_size + to_copy * 2);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
remain -= to_copy;
}
return ret;
}
make -j4
make -j4 INSTALL_MOD_PATH=out modules
make -j4 INSTALL_MOD_PATH=out modules_install
# 修改了设备树文件后编译
make dtbs
- 编译完成后，zImage 在 arch/arm/boot/ ，驱动模块在 out/
- 设备树文件在 arch/arm/boot/dts/
- dock板的设备树：sun8i-v3s-licheepi-zero-dock.dtb
cd ~/v3s
wget https://buildroot.org/downloads/buildroot-2019.08.tar.gz
tar xvf buildroot-2019.08.tar.gz && cd buildroot-2019.08/
make menuconfig
Target options --->
Target Architecture (ARM (little endian)) --->
Target Binary Format (ELF) --->
Target Architecture Variant (cortex-A7) --->
Target ABI (EABIhf) --->
Floating point strategy (VFPv4-D16) --->
ARM instruction set (ARM) --->
Toolchain --->
Toolchain type (External toolchain) --->
*** Toolchain External Options ***
Toolchain (Custom toolchain) --->
Toolchain origin (Pre-installed toolchain) --->
(/usr/local/arm/gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/) Toolchain path
($(ARCH)-linux-gnueabihf) Toolchain prefix
External toolchain gcc version (4.9.x) --->
External toolchain kernel headers series (4.0.x) --->
External toolchain C library (glibc/eglibc) --->
[*] Toolchain has SSP support? (NEW)
[*] Toolchain has RPC support? (NEW)
[*] Toolchain has C++ support?
[*] Enable MMU support (NEW)
Target packages --->
Audio and video applications --->
[*] alsa-utils --->
[*] alsaconf
[*] aconnect
[*] alsactl
[*] alsaloop
[*] alsamixer
[*] alsaucm
[*] alsatplg
[*] amidi
[*] amixer
[*] aplay/arecord
[*] aplaymidi
[*] arecordmidi
[*] aseqdump
[*] aseqnet
[*] bat
[*] iecset
[*] speaker-test
Graphic libraries and applications (graphic/text) --->
[*] fbv
[*] PNG support
[*] JPEG support
[*] GIF support
[*] SDL
[*] SDL framebuffer console video driver
[*] SDL_gfx
[*] SDL_image --->
[*] SDL_mixer
[*] SDL_net
[*] SDL_sound
[*] install playsound tool
[*] SDL_TTF
make -j4
生成的根文件系统在 output/images/rootfs.tar
sudo fdisk -l # 首先查看电脑上已插入的TF卡的设备号（一般为 /dev/sdb1,下面以/dev/sdb1为例）
sudo umount /dev/sdb1 # 若自动挂载了TF设备，请先卸载(有多个分区则全部卸载)
sudo umount /dev/sdb2
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb # 进行分区操作
##### 操作步骤如下 #####
# 若已存分区即按 d 删除各个分区
# 通过 n 新建分区，第一分区暂且申请为16M(f1c100s)、32M(v3s)，剩下的空间都给第二分区
# 第一分区操作：n p 1 2048 +32M
# p 主分区、默认 1 分区、默认2048、+32M
# 第二分区操作：n 后面全部回车默认即可
# p 主分区、默认 2 分区、默认、默认剩下的全部空间
# p 查询分区表确定是否分区成功
# w 保存写入并退出
########################
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 # 将第一分区格式化成EXT4
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2 # 将第二分区格式化成EXT4
# 格式说明
# EXT4：只用于Linux系统的内部磁盘
# NTFS：与Windows共用的磁盘
# FAT：所有系统和设备共用的磁盘
后期为了能够在 windows 上方便添加 rom ，使用 gparted 划分三个分区，最后一个分区为 fat 类型
安装并启动
sudo apt-get install gparted
sudo gparted
分区如下
cd ~/v3s/u-boot/
sudo dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/sdb bs=1024 seek=8
sudo cp ~/v3s/linux/arch/arm/boot/zImage /挂载的tf卡第一个分区目录
sudo cp ~/v3s/linux/arch/arm/boot/dts/sun8i-v3s-licheepi-zero-dock.dtb /挂载 tf 卡第一个分区目录
sudo tar xvf ~/v3s/buildroot-2019.08/output/images/rootfs.tar -C /挂载 tf 卡第二个分区目录
cd ~/v3s
git clone https://github.com/hsinyuwang/gpsp.git
cd gpsp/v3s
make -j4
将生成的可执行文件复制到挂载的 tf 卡第二个分区目录，gpsp 同级目录下必须包含 gba_bios.bin 和 game_config.txt 文件
例如：
- 在 /root 下创建 gpsp 文件夹，将 gpsp、gba_bios.bin、game_config.txt 复制到 gpsp 文件夹中
插入 TF 卡，开机
mkdir /root/roms
vi /etc/fstab
# 最后一行添加
/dev/mmcblk0p3 /root/roms vfat defaults 0 0
vi /etc/inittab
#console::respawn:-/bin/sh
ttyS0::respawn:-/bin/sh
tty0::respawn:-/bin/sh
vi /etc/init.d/S99runOnBoot
# 添加
amixer -c 0 sset 'Headphone',0 60% unmute
# 添加可执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/S99runOnBoot
vi /etc/profile
# SDL 配置
export SDL_NOMOUSE=1
# 启动模拟器
/root/startup.sh
vi /root/startup.sh
#!/bin/sh /root/startup.sh
for i in `seq 5`
do
sleep 1s
if [ -c "/dev/input/js0" ]
then
/root/gpsp/gpsp
break
else
if [ $i -eq 5 ]
then
echo "No gamepad found!"
fi
fi
done
chmod +x startup.sh
mkdir ~/img
cd ~/img
mkdir kernel
mkdir rootfs
mkdir roms
分区表
| 分区序号 | 起始地址 | 大小 | 内容 | 文件系统 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | 1M | u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin | 无 |
| 2 | 1 x 1024 x 1024 | 32M | zImage + sun8i-v3s-licheepi-zero-dock.dtb | ext4 |
| 3 | 33 x 1024 x 1024 | 128M | rootfs | ext4 |
| 4 | 161 x 1024 x 1024 | 剩余空间 | roms | fat |
dd if=/dev/zero of=X-Boy_20221019.img bs=512k count=512 && sync
sudo parted X-Boy_20221019.img mklabel msdos
sudo parted X-Boy_20221019.img mkpart primary ext4 2048s 67583s
sudo parted X-Boy_20221019.img mkpart primary ext4 67584s 329727s
sudo parted X-Boy_20221019.img mkpart primary fat32 329728s 100%
检查分区是否创建成功
sudo parted X-Boy_20221019.img
输入
print free
# 退出
q
sudo losetup -f --show X-Boy_20221019.img
这里的 loop25 记录下来 ，以实际显示为准
挂载虚拟文件系统
sudo kpartx -va /dev/loop25
格式化分区
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/loop25p1
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/loop25p2
sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/mapper/loop25p3
挂载到之前创建的目录
sudo mount /dev/mapper/loop25p1 ~/img/kernel/
sudo mount /dev/mapper/loop25p2 ~/img/rootfs/
sudo mount /dev/mapper/loop25p3 ~/img/roms/
cd ~/v3s/u-boot/
sudo dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/loop25 bs=512 seek=16
sudo cp ~/v3s/linux/arch/arm/boot/zImage ~/img/kernel
sudo cp ~/v3s/linux/arch/arm/boot/dts/sun8i-v3s-licheepi-zero-dock.dtb ~/img/kernel
sudo tar xvf ~/v3s/buildroot-2019.08/output/images/rootfs.tar -C ~/img/rootfs
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