Go是Google开发的一种静态强类型、编译型、并发型，并具有垃圾回收功能的编程语言。 罗伯特·格瑞史莫，罗勃·派克及肯·汤普逊于2007年9月开始设计Go，稍后Ian Lance Taylor、Russ Cox加入项目。Go是基于Inferno操作系统所开发的。
[✨程序设计] 帮助文档
[✨内存管理] 脸书的jemalloc、谷歌的tcmalloc
搭建开发环境 + 编译 + 管理构建 + 测试 + 代码质量 + 性能优化
✨推荐功能.框架.基础库.应用.工具 + ✨推荐web框架；✨开发效率工具；查询第三方库
语法速查表，Print；google开源 ；awesome-go大全 ；golang-repo大全 ；github排名
✨云平台.公众平台.在线支付 ；GUI-HTML/JS/CSS - WebAssembly - WebRTC
- 常用于服务器编程，网络编程，分布式系统，内存数据库，云平台... freecodecamp.org
- 集成工具 JetBrains/GoLand（^搭建开发环境$）、liteide
- 语言优势：开发效率、抽象能力、内存管理、稳定性和功能之间的矛盾、应对需求变更、人才和资源等。
# 1.部署简单：编译成机器码(像C一样,不被反编译)复制给别人后，就能直接运行(参考跨平台编译)
# 通过<linux>命令 ldd 查看可执行文件依赖的环境(库文件)
$ ldd hello # Go不像其它语言C|C++|Java|.Net|...依赖系统环境库才能运行(已编译成机器码)
# 2.静态编译语言(又像动态解释语言)，您不用再去关心变量是存在堆上还是栈的内存问题(编译器与运行时会帮您做到)
# 3.自动回收机制GC(除了CGO中`C语言那部分`管理的之外的内存；另外，Go指针不能被`值类型`长期保持--与其它语言不同)
# 4.语言层面支持高并发(goroutine是go适合高并发场景的重要原因)高性能goroutine池 go get github.com/panjf2000/ants/v2
# 5.丰富的第三方库,并且开源... github.com/avelino/awesome-go语法
关键字
break default func interface select
case defer go map struct
chan else goto package switch
const fallthrough if range type
continue for import return var
内建的
常量、类型、函数
常量: true false iota nil
const ptrSize = 4 << (^uintptr(0) >> 63) // unsafe.Sizeof(uintptr(0)) but an ideal const
类型: bool int int8 int16 int32 int64 uint uint8 uint16 uint32 uint64
float32 float64 complex64 complex128
array chan func interface map ptr slice string struct
uintptr unsafe.Pointer // unsafe.Pointer is a safe version of uintptr used
byte rune error invalid reflect.Type,Value,StringHeader,SliceHeader,SelectCase...底层结构
函数: make len cap append delete new copy close complex real imag panic recover
通道
chan
读写: ch := make(chan<- int) #只读; ch := make(<-chan int) #只写; make(chan<- chan int) #只读chanOfchan;
同步: ch := make(chan struct{}) // unbuffered channel, goroutine blocks for IO #空结构,无内存开销,更高效;
异步: ch := make(chan int, 100) // buffered channel with capacity 100 (缓冲) 可避免阻塞,推荐select用法;
管道: ch1, ch2 := make(chan int), make(chan int) ; ch1 <- 1 ; ch2 <- 2 * <-ch1; result := <-ch2 ;
选择: select: 常规模式(for轮循次数=chan实际数量); 反射模式(reflect.Select([]reflect.SelectCase)..);
时间: ch := time.After(300 * time.Second) #过期chan; ch := time.Tick(1 * time.Second) #轮循chan;
更多: github.com/eapache/channels #Distribute分发1In*Out,Multiplex多路复用*In1Out,Pipe管道1In1Out,Batching*批量..
指针
pointer
协程(
轻量级线程/非抢占式线程/并发体)goroutine+ 上下文(同步通信)context
Go语言是基于CSP消息并发模型的集大成者，与Erlang不同的是Go语言的Goroutine之间是共享内存的。Goroutine和系统线程不是等价的。尽管两者的区别实际上只是一个量的区别，但正是这个量变引发了Go语言并发编程质的飞跃。
首先，每个系统级线程都会有一个固定大小的栈（一般默认可能是2MB），这个栈主要用来保存函数递归调用时参数和局部变量。固定了栈的大小导致了两个问题：一是对于很多只需要很小的栈空间的线程来说是一个巨大的浪费，二是对于少数需要巨大栈空间的线程来说又面临栈溢出的风险。针对这两个问题的解决方案是：要么降低固定的栈大小，提升空间的利用率；要么增大栈的大小以允许更深的函数递归调用，但这两者是没法同时兼得的。相反，一个Goroutine会以一个很小的栈启动（可能是2KB或4KB），当遇到深度递归导致当前栈空间不足时，Goroutine会根据需要动态地伸缩栈的大小（主流实现中栈的最大值可达到1GB）。因为启动的代价很小，所以我们可以轻易地启动成千上万个Goroutine。
Go运行时还包含了自己的调度器，这个调度器使用了一些技术手段，可以在n个操作系统线程上多工调度m个Goroutine。调度器的工作和内核的调度是相似的，但是这个调度器只关注单独的Go程序中的Goroutine。Goroutine采用的是半抢占式的协作调度，只有在当前Goroutine发生阻塞时(如chan线程同步通信)才会导致调度（或者在特定的代码行产生调度runtime.Gosched()切换点）；同时发生在用户态(运行时)，调度器会根据具体函数只保存必要的寄存器，切换的代价要比系统线程低得多(系统的抢占式线程调度机制,导致运行时产生的线程是用户被动使用,不能手动调度的)。运行时有一个变量runtime.GOMAXPROCS(一般设置为CPU核心数)用于控制当前运行正常非阻塞Goroutine的系统线程数目，runtime.NumGoroutine()返回运行时总的goroutine使用数量。
包、模块(命名空间)
package
<< 依赖`import` + 接口`interface` + 类型`type` + 函数`func` + 常量`Constants` + 变量`Variables` >>
① 搭建开发环境
环境配置> go env
安装版本> go version
帮助文档> godoc -http=:6060 -index <<-查看本地文档; 在线文档→→ golang.org/doc →→ pkg.go.dev
:go^1.13需安装godoc: set GO111MODULE=on ; go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc
Windows - src: %GOPATH%\src - 配置 set: cd %USERPROFILE% (C:\Users\Administrator)
https://studygolang.com/dl/golang/go1.15.8.windows-amd64.msi
https://studygolang.com/dl/golang/go1.16.3.windows-amd64.msi
set GOROOT=D:\Program\Go (安装目录)
set GOPATH=A:\go (开发环境.不同项目在编译时,该环境变量可以不同)
set GOTOOLS=%GOROOT%/pkg/tool (选项: 建议 GOOS=windows, GOARCH=amd64, CGO_ENABLED=0)
set GO111MODULE=on (选项: 建议 GO111MODULE=auto) > go env -w GO111MODULE=on
set GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io (选项: 建议 网络代理) > go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,https://goproxy.io,direct
set GOSUMDB=sum.golang.google.cn (可选) 默认 sum.golang.org
set ZONEINFO=A:\go\bin\zoneinfo.zip (可选) 设置时区 github.com/golang/go/raw/master/lib/time/zoneinfo.zip
set PATH=%GOROOT%\bin;%GOPATH%\bin;%PATH% #环境变量%PATH%
Linux - src: $GOPATH/src - 配置 export: cd $HOME (/root或/home/-)
- Windows10/Linux(WSL) - 环境配置参考
wget -O go.linux-amd64.tar.gz https://studygolang.com/dl/golang/go1.15.8.linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget -O go.linux-amd64.tar.gz https://studygolang.com/dl/golang/go1.16.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxf go.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local # 解压为安装目录 /usr/local/go
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go (安装目录)
export GOPATH=/a/go (开发环境.GO111后可忽略该变量-建议启用GO111MODULE=on)
export GOTOOLS=$GOROOT/pkg/tool (选项: 建议 GOOS=linux, GOARCH=amd64, CGO_ENABLED=0)
export GO111MODULE=on (选项: 建议 GO111MODULE=auto) $ go env -w GO111MODULE=on
export GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io (选项: 建议 网络代理) $ go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,https://goproxy.io,direct
export GOSUMDB=sum.golang.google.cn (可选) 默认 sum.golang.org
export TZ='Asia/Shanghai' && sudo apt-get install tzdata (可选) 设置时区&更新时区
export PATH=$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin:$PATH #环境变量$PATH
sudo vi /etc/profile.d/go-profile.sh # 可添加以上export变量至-profile.sh 然后启用配置 # source /etc/profile
安装开发工具 GoLand
(官网)board4all破解→ idea.lanyus.com 获取激活码, 或无限重置试用期; 或者→www.jb51.net →www.gopojie.net
- 配置Tools/File-Watchers导入go fmt,goimports,golangci-lint
# GoLand环境设置：GOROOT, GOPATH ( √ Use GOPATH √ Index entire GOPATH? √ Enable Go Modules[vgo go版本^1.11])
go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct # go^1.13.* +GoLand环境设置 √ 1:启用 Go Modules(vgo) Proxy
go env -w GOPRIVATE=*.gitlab.com,*.gitee.com,git.mycompany.com # √ 2:私有库(域名白名单)用于限制内网开发;其它域名下则无法下载
go env -w GOSUMDB=sum.golang.google.cn # ^1设置国内提供的下载验证服务
go env -w GOSUMDB=off # ^2或者设置为关闭下载验证服务
搭建公网测试 ngrok 注册→→ ngrok.com 免费获取域名→→ f714ea843e2b.ngrok.io 下载工具→转发流量→进行公网调试。
安装开发依赖包
# 代理设置 (解决网络问题) HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, NO_PROXY - defines HTTP proxy environment variables
> set http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890 # (临时有效) [设置环境变量# export -> vim /etc/profile]
> set https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890 # (临时有效) set ftp_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890
# 代理推荐
> $env:GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io ## Windows PowerShell
$ export GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io ## Linux Profile ~ GO111MODULE=on
$ echo "GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io" >> ~/.profile && source ~/.profile
# 1. https://goproxy.io ## 首选
# 2. https://mirrors.aliyun.com/goproxy/
# 3. https://athens.azurefd.net
# 4. https://gocenter.io
# 5. https://goproxy.cn
# go get github.com/gpmgo/gopm ##内地代理 https://gopm.io > gopm -h ; gopm bin [-d %GOPATH%/bin][包名]
# 内网代理推荐 Athens: https://docs.gomods.io/zh/
$ export ATHENS_STORAGE=~/athens-storage ##Docker 参考 https://docs.gomods.io/walkthrough/
$ mkdir -p $ATHENS_STORAGE
$ docker run -d -v $ATHENS_STORAGE:/var/lib/athens \
-e ATHENS_DISK_STORAGE_ROOT=/var/lib/athens \
-e ATHENS_STORAGE_TYPE=disk \
--name athens-proxy \
--restart always \
-p 3000:3000 \
gomods/athens:latest
$ export GO111MODULE=on ##Linux Bash use after run Docker
$ export GOPROXY=http://127.0.0.1:3000
- environment: ##Docker file
GO111MODULE: on
GOPROXY: http://127.0.0.1:3000
# 下载模块
go get -d # 下载模块源码,不安装
go get -u # 更新模块源码
go get -v # 打印日志
go get -insecure # 解决安全下载问题,允许用http(非https)
# 安装-全局依赖-镜像包 (解决网络问题)
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/arch.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/arch # 数据结构
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/build.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/build # 构建、发布
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/crypto.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/crypto # 加密、安全
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/debug.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/debug # 调试、跟踪
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/exp.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/exp # 实验和弃用的包
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/image.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/image # 图片库
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/lint.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/lint # 语法检查
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/mobile.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/mobile # 移动端
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/net.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/net # 网络库
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/oauth2.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/oauth2 # OAuth 2.0 认证授权
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/perf.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/perf # 性能测量、存储和分析
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/sync.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/sync # 并发访问-同步锁
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/sys.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/sys # 系统底层
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/text.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/text # 文本处理
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/time.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/time # 时间处理
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/tour.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/tour # 开发文档
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/googleapis/google-cloud-go.git %GOPATH%/src/cloud.google.com/go # 谷歌云
# 开发工具 VSCode✨ github.com/Microsoft/vscode-go
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/tools.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/tools
go get github.com/uudashr/gopkgs/v2/cmd/gopkgs # (%GOPATH%\bin\gopkgs.exe)
go get github.com/ramya-rao-a/go-outline # (%GOPATH%\bin\go-outline.exe)
go get github.com/cweill/gotests/gotests # (%GOPATH%\bin\gotests.exe)
go get github.com/fatih/gomodifytags # (%GOPATH%\bin\gomodifytags.exe)
go get github.com/josharian/impl # (%GOPATH%\bin\impl.exe)
go get github.com/haya14busa/goplay/cmd/goplay # (%GOPATH%\bin\goplay.exe)
go get github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv # (%GOPATH%\bin\dlv.exe) # debugger
go get honnef.co/go/tools/cmd/staticcheck # (%GOPATH%\bin\staticcheck.exe)
go get golang.org/x/tools/gopls # (%GOPATH%\bin\gopls.exe)
go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc
go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports
go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru # 可选
go get golang.org/x/lint/golint # 检查代码规范
go get github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/cmd/golangci-lint # 检查代码质量
go get github.com/alecthomas/gometalinter && gometalinter --install
go get github.com/acroca/go-symbols
go get github.com/mdempsky/gocode
go get github.com/rogpeppe/godef
go get github.com/zmb3/gogetdoc
go get github.com/davidrjenni/reftools/cmd/fillstruct
go get sourcegraph.com/sqs/goreturns编译器命令
go command [arguments] // go 命令 [参数]
go build // 编译包和依赖包
go clean // 移除对象和缓存文件
go doc // 显示包的文档
go env // 打印go的环境变量信息
go bug // 报告bug
go fix // 更新包使用新的api
go fmt // 格式规范化代码
go generate // 通过处理资源生成go文件
go get // 下载并安装包及其依赖
go install // 编译和安装包及其依赖
go list // 列出所有包
go run // 编译和运行go程序
go test // 测试
go tool // 运行给定的go工具
go version // 显示go当前版本
go vet // 发现代码中可能的错误(如语法检查、代码格式等)
# <跨平台编译> 查看支持的操作系统和对应平台: https://github.com/fatedier/frp/blob/master/README_zh.md
go tool dist list # 交叉编译时,暂不支持cgo方式,需设置CGO_ENABLED=0 (禁用后兼容性更好)
CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags '-s -w -extldflags "-static"' -o ./api_linux ./api
CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "-s -w" -o ./api_windows_amd64.exe ./api
CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=windows GOARCH=386 go build -ldflags "-H windowsgui" -o demo.exe ./cmd/desktop/demo.go
# go build 参数：-i -ldflags "-s -w -H windowsgui -X importpath.varname=value" # 参数ldflags表示自定义编译
# -ldflags "-s -w" 去掉(编译符号+调试信息\杜绝gdb调试)缩小exe; -H 让exe运行时隐藏cmd窗口; -X 编译前传值实现改代码
# -i 安装依赖于目标的包 -a 强制重新编译; -p 4 开启并发编译cpu=4; -v 编译时显示包名; -o 指定输出的文件名;
# -installsuffix cgo 为了使当前的输出目录与默认的编译输出目录分离; -race 开启竞态条件的检测;
# -gcflags 添加gcc依赖的扩展参数; -n 打印编译时用到的所有命令,但不执行编译; -x 打印编译时用到的所有命令;
# -work 打印编译时生成的临时目录; -compiler gc或gccgo; -asmflags 编译汇编语言时的行为，如-D、-I、-S等;
# -buildmode default或shared或静态链接库*.a或动态链接库*.so或可执行文件*.exe ; -pkgdir 编译器只从该目录加载代码;
# -tags按条件编译[1.通过代码注释(在`包声明`之前&空行隔开) 2.通过文件名后缀,比如:*_linux_amd64.go]
# -tags netgo -ldflags '-s -w -extldflags "-static"' # 指定条件编译[netgo]
# go build -tags [linux|darwin|386|amd64] # 代码文件*.go参考如下
// +build darwin linux freebsd windows android js
// +build 386 amd64 arm arm64 ppc64 wasm
// +build cgo,!netgo //*_android.go
// +build cgo,!netgo //*_windows.go
// +build !android,cgo,!netgo //*_linux.go
// +build cgo,!netgo //*_unix.go
// +build aix darwin dragonfly freebsd linux netbsd openbsd solaris //*_unix.go
[空行]
# go generate 通过处理资源生成go文件 #*.go文件代码参考如下 qtc -dir=> app/views/*.html
//go:generate go get -u github.com/valyala/quicktemplate/qtc
//go:generate qtc -dir=app/views
[空行]
> go generate & go build -ldflags "-s -w"编译器(可选)docker Golang + custom build tools
docker pull dockercore/golang-cross # 推荐docker: the MinGW compiler for windows, and an OSX SDK.
# 1. pull build tools: Glide, gdm, go-test-teamcity
docker pull jetbrainsinfra/golang:1.11.5
docker pull golang:1.4.2-cross
docker run --rm -v "$PWD":/usr/src/app -w /usr/src/app -e GOOS=windows -e GOARCH=386 golang:1.11.5 go build -v
# 2. run docker container
docker run --name golang1115 -d jetbrainsinfra/golang:1.11.5 bash
docker cp golang1115:/go/src/github.com %GOPATH%\src
docker cp golang1115:/go/src/golang.org %GOPATH%\src
docker run --name golang1115 -td -p 8080:8080 -v %GOPATH%\src:/go/src -w /go/src jetbrainsinfra/golang:1.11.5
# 3. go build
docker exec -it golang1115 bash
$ cd apiserver & go build & ./apiserver # build for linux
$ for GOOS in linux windows; do GOOS=$GOOS go build -v -o apiserver-$GOOS-amd64; done; # if GOARCH="amd64"
mv apiserver-windows-amd64 apiserver-windows-amd64.exe # windows文件重命名 # for linux&windows# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 谷歌开源的构建和测试工具，类似于Make、Maven、Gradle支持跨平台|语言|代码库|工具链 ✨ docs.bazel.build
# /构建规则: Bazel rules for building protocol buffers +/- gRPC ✨ github.com/stackb/rules_proto
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 管理模块依赖(新建项目 go版本^1.11.* 推荐) & 设置GoLand环境 √ Enable Go Modules(vgo)
# 集成 vgo 项目模块管理工具 (可用环境变量 GO111MODULE 开启或关闭模块支持:off,on,auto) #默认auto未开启
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/golang/vgo.git %GOPATH%/src/golang.org/x/vgo ; go install #安装vgo
#! github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules research.swich.com/vgo blog.jetbrains.com/go
> go help mod <command> # 帮助 | 功能概述 go help modules
> set GO111MODULE=on # 开始前(临时开启) | <linux> $ export GO111MODULE=on && env
> mkdir.\example.com\app # 新建项目 | <linux> $ mkdir -p example.com/app
> cd example.com/app # 进入项目目录，此目录不再需要 in %GOPATH% ; 在 go module 下, 弃用了GOPATH
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
> go mod init [$MODULE_NAME] # 1.默认生成go.mod文件，$MODULE_NAME默认github.com/$GITHUB_USER_NAME/$PROJECT_NAME
> go mod init example.com/app # 1.指定生成go.mod文件，依赖golang.org/...需代理或在go.mod中replace替换为github镜像
> go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin # 安装项目依赖...生成go.sum文件用于锁定依赖版本，有点类似Nodejs的package-lock.json
> code . # 2.开始编码...在 go module 下 go^1.11不再需要vendor目录(go~1.10.*)进行精确的版本管理
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
> go mod tidy || go get ./... # 2.下载依赖%GOPATH%/pkg/mod/... 文件夹(tidy保持依赖项目同步,舍弃无用依赖,改了go.mod)
> go build # 3.构建使用%GOPATH%/pkg/mod/... 缓存目录(go.mod文件对每个依赖项进行精确的版本管理)
> go clean -r -cache . # 4.清除构建&缓存文件,下次构建时需重新下载依赖包.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
> go list -m all # 2.查看当前版本
> go list -m -u all # 2.查看当前的依赖和模块版本更新 -json 支持json输出
> depth [package-name] # 查看某一个库的依赖 go get github.com/KyleBanks/depth/cmd/depth
> go-callvis # 代码调用链图工具 go get github.com/TrueFurby/go-callvis
> go mod graph # 4.输出依赖关系,打印模块依赖图
> go mod verify # 5.验证依赖是否正确,检查依赖的问题
> go get -u || -u=patch # 5.升级到最新依赖版本 || 升级到最新的修订版本 (也可指定版本)
> go mod edit -fmt # 5.格式化 go.mod 文件
> go mod edit -require=path@ver # 2.添加或修改依赖版本
> go mod download # 2.下载依赖到%GOPATH%/pkg/mod/cache'共享缓存'
#---------------------------------------------------------------------- (处理网络问题)
> go mod edit -replace=google.golang.org/grpc=github.com/grpc/grpc-go@latest # 2.编辑镜像,修改依赖版本
> go mod tidy
> go mod vendor # 3.拷贝依赖到./vendor/... 文件夹 (有时用于Git版本管理,避免新环境无法还原,下载依赖包)
> go build -mod=vendor # 3.构建时使用./vendor/... 文件夹 (有时用于Git版本管理)
> go build -mod=readonly # 3.防止隐式修改go.mod
> rm go.sum && go mod vendor # .删掉 go.sum 并重建, 解决 checksum mismatch 下载问题?
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
> go mod init github.com/golang/app # 6.从旧项目迁移至 GO111MODULE (读取vendor/vendor.json,gopkg.toml升到go.mod)
> go mod download # 6.下载依赖到%GOPATH%/pkg/mod/... 文件夹 (非Git版本项目文件夹内)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
> go mod download && go build # 7.下载依赖后进行项目的构建 $GOPATH/pkg/mod [缓存]
> go mod vendor && go build -mod=vendor # 7.下载依赖后进行项目的构建 ./vendor [方便复制打包]
# 管理模块依赖( go版本~1.10.* ~低版本~)
go get -u github.com/golang/dep/cmd/dep # 推荐使用 *13k
> dep init # 初始化项目
> dep ensure -add [package] # 添加一个包
> dep ensure # 安装依赖包(速度慢)
go get -u github.com/Masterminds/glide # 推荐使用 *7k <Mac or Linux> curl https://glide.sh/get | sh
> glide --version ; glide help # https://glide.sh
> glide create # Start a new workspace
> glide get github.com/foo/bar#^1.2.3 # Get a package, add to glide.yaml; https://glide.sh/docs/glide.yaml
> glide install -v # Install packages and dependencies
> glide update # Update the latest dependency tree
> glide list # See installed packages
> glide tree # See imported packages
> go build
go get -u github.com/kardianos/govendor # 推荐使用 *4k
> govendor init # 项目依赖vendor目录
> govendor add +e # 添加本地$GOPATH包(未加入vendor目录时)[go get]
> govendor update|remove # 从$GOPATH更新包|移除包依赖vendor目录
> govendor fetch|sync # 获取远程vendor.json包[govendor get]
# 内建工具:构建
> go fmt ./... && gofmt -s -w . && go vet ./... && go get ./... && go test ./... && \
> golint ./... && gocyclo -avg -over 15 . && errcheck ./...
> GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags "-s -w"
> gowatch # 热编译工具，提升开发效率 go get github.com/silenceper/gowatch
# 第三方工具:构建
go get -u github.com/go-task/task/cmd/task # 推荐使用 *2.8k # 构建任务tasks+配置文件yaml
go get github.com/tdewolff/minify/cmd/minify # 压缩文件 *2.3k # 最小化Web相关文件资源
go get github.com/UnnoTed/fileb0x # 打包资源 *1k # 嵌入exe文件; 功能比 go-bindata 更完善
# 自动化工具`CI/CD`
# 构建+发布到Github | goreleaser.com | github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser
$ wget https://github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser/releases/download/v0.111.0/goreleaser_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz
$ tar zxf goreleaser_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz && sudo cp goreleaser /usr/local/bin/ # rm -f goreleaser *.md
$ goreleaser help release
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 测试命令 >>
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> go help test # 测试帮助文档
> go test ./... # 测试遍历递归目录...所有的*_test.go 并且代码中包名一致
> go test -v -count=1 [package-name] # 测试指定的包(默认目录path=. 默认次数count=1 -v打印详情)
> go test -run=^$ -parallel=20 ./path # 单元测试(t *testing.T) -run=查找TestXxx -parallel=并行数
> go test -test.list=^Benchmark ./path # 只打印匹配的测试函数
> go test -v -cpu=2 -race -short ./path
> go test -v -cpu=1,2,4 ./path
# t.Log t.Logf # 正常信息 -> 类似HTTP状态码^200
# t.Error t.Errorf # 测试失败信息，测试程序`报告`的错误信息 -> 类似HTTP状态码^400
# t.Fatal t.Fatalf # 致命错误信息，测试程序`退出`的异常信息 -> 类似HTTP状态码^500
# t.Fail # 当前测试函数被标记为失败
# t.Failed # 查看当前测试函数失败标记
# t.FailNow # 标记失败，并终止当前测试函数的执行，需要注意的是，我们只能在运行测试函数的
# Goroutine 中调用 t.FailNow 方法，而不能在我们在测试代码创建出的 Goroutine 中调用它
# t.Skip # 调用 t.Skip 方法相当于先后对 t.Log 和 t.SkipNow 方法进行调用，而调用t.Skipf方法则相当于先后对
# t.Logf 和 t.SkipNow 方法进行调用。方法 t.Skipped 的结果值会告知我们当前的测试是否已被忽略
# t.Parallel # 标记为可并行测试 (当test参数 -parallel 时)
> go test -timeout=10s github.com/mpvl/errdare # 远程测试超时10秒
> go test -v -cover -race ./path # 检测代码覆盖率(testing使用到的代码行比例)
> go test -v -cover -race -test.bench=. -test.benchmem # 性能测试-test.bench简写-bench; mem性能测试
> go test -bench=.* -cpu=2 -benchmem -benchtime=1s #`压测`基准测试(b *testing.B)在函数循环体指定b.N
# example_test.go
> go test -v -run ^ExampleTest$ github.com/a/go/f_test
> go test -v -run ^ExampleTest$ -coverprofile %TEMP%/test.out -c -coverpkg=./f -covermode=atomic github.com/a/go/f
> go test -v -run ^ExampleTest$ -cpuprofile %TEMP%/test.out -c github.com/a/go/f
> go test -v -run ^ExampleTest$ -memprofile %TEMP%/test.out -c github.com/a/go/f
> go test -v -run ^ExampleTest$ -blockprofile %TEMP%/test.out -c github.com/a/go/f
> go test -v -run ^ExampleTest$ -mutexprofile %TEMP%/test.out -c github.com/a/go/f
# available arguments
-test.bench regexp # 只运行与regexp匹配的基准测试
-test.benchmem # 打印基准测试的内存分配情况
-test.benchtime d # 在持续时间d内运行每个基准测试（默认1s）
-test.blockprofile file # 将goroutine阻塞基准文件写入文件
-test.blockprofilerate rate # 设置阻塞基准文件速率（请参阅runtime.SetBlockProfileRate)（默认值1）
-test.count n # 运行测试，基准测试n次（默认为1）
-test.coverprofile file # 将覆盖率基准测试文件写入文件
-test.cpu list # 要运行每个测试的cpu计数的逗号分隔列表
-test.cpuprofile file # 将cpu分配基准文件写入文件
-test.failfast # 第一次测试失败后不要开始新的测试
-test.list regexp # 列出与regexp匹配的测试、示例和基准测试，然后退出
-test.memprofile file # 将内存分配基准文件写入文件
-test.memprofilerate rate # 设置内存分配基准分析速率（请参阅运行时.MemProfileRate)
-test.mutexprofile string # 执行后，将互斥争用基准文件写入命名文件
-test.mutexprofilefraction int # 如果>=0，调用runtime.SetMutexProfileFraction（默认值1）
-test.outputdir dir # 将基准文件写入目录
-test.parallel n # 最多并行运行n个测试（默认4个）
-test.run regexp # 只运行与regexp匹配的测试和示例
-test.short # 运行较小的测试套件以节省时间
-test.testlogfile file # 将测试操作日志写入文件（仅供cmd/go使用）
-test.timeout d # 持续时间d后的紧急测试二进制（默认为0，禁用超时）
-test.trace file # 将执行跟踪写入文件
-test.v # 打印输出
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 测试工具 >>
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ GOMAXPROCS=4 go test -bench='Set|Get' -benchtime=10s ./path # 性能测试: CPU=4; time=10s;
> go test -cpu=4 -benchtime=10s -benchmem -bench=^BenchmarkWriter1$ -run ^none$ ./path > 1.txt
> go test -cpu=4 -benchtime=10s -benchmem -bench=^BenchmarkWriter2$ -run ^none$ ./path > 2.txt
> benchstat -alpha 3 1.txt 2.txt # golang.org/x/perf/cmd/benchstat
> go test -bench=. -memprofile=mem.prof ./path # 生成mem性能测试两个文件path.test.exe,mem.prof
> go test -bench=. -cpuprofile=cpu.prof ./path # 生成cpu性能测试两个文件path.test.exe,cpu.prof
> go tool pprof --alloc_objects test.exe mem.prof #1.mem内存分析-对象分配;优化GC提升性能;
> go tool pprof -http=:3018 cpu.prof #2.cpu执行时间-分析报告-UI网址 http://localhost:3018
> go tool pprof [path.test.exe] cpu.prof #3.cpu执行时间-分析报告-输出控制台(pprof)指令+> help,top,png...
$ (pprof) top10 #+flat%不包含內部函数执行时间; cum%包含內部函数执行时间;
$ (pprof) list <函数f> #+(flat,cum)详细输出某个函数f內部执行每步操作消耗的时间;
$ (pprof) web #+分析函数调用(svg)图+> yum install graphviz.x86_64 www.graphviz.org 提前安装Graphviz
$ apt search graphviz ; sudo apt-get install graphviz/eoan ; sudo apt-get install graphviz-doc/eoan
> go tool pprof -raw -seconds 30 http://localhost/debug/pprof/profile # 查看CPU性能火焰图 go-torch -h #out.svg
> go test -coverprofile=c.out # 生成代码覆盖率分析文件(标记出未测试到的代码行与代码比例)
> go tool cover -func=c.out # 分析代码覆盖率;检查哪些`函数`没测试或者没测试完全
> go tool cover -html=c.out # 分析代码覆盖率;查看网页格式html文件
# 测试HTTP负载，内置HTTP服务与请求速率，包含命令行实用工具和库 > go get github.com/tsenart/vegeta
> vegeta [global flags] <command> [command flags]
# 捕获HTTP请求,跟踪流量 github.com/buger/goreplay/wiki
> gor --input-raw :80 --output-http="http://localhost:81" # 跟踪HTTP流量(:80), HTTP服务查阅结果(HTTP:81)
> gor --input-raw :80 --output-stdout # 跟踪HTTP流量(:80)[--output-http-track-response],文件web结果 gor file-server :81
> gor --input-raw :80 --output-file=requests.gor && gor --input-file requests.gor --output-http="http://localhost:8080"
# 集成go-test,全自动web-UI,回归测试套件,测试复盖率,代码生成器,桌面通知`goconvey`
> go get github.com/smartystreets/goconvey # 优雅的单元测试 *5k (推荐) | Convey("test1",t,func(){So(v1,ShouldEqual,v2)})
> go get github.com/stretchr/testify # 通用的接口测试 *10k (强力推荐) | assert,http,mock,require,suite
> go get github.com/appleboy/gofight/... # API测试框架 beego,Gin.依赖上面的框架 github.com/stretchr/testify
> go get github.com/loadimpact/k6 # 现代化测试,集成前后端测试 (推荐) *6k https://k6.io
> go get github.com/astaxie/bat # 接口调试增强curl *2k | testing, debugging, interacting servers
> go get github.com/asciimoo/wuzz # 用于http请求 | 交互式命令行工具 | 增强curl
# Web压测工具 jmeter.apache.org [教程] github.com/aliesbelik/awesome-jmeter [中文] github.com/langpf1/jmeter
# Web压测工具 带有Web界面的 HTTP Benchmark
> go get github.com/six-ddc/plow # 命令：plow --help
> plow http://127.0.0.1:8080/ -c 100 -n 10000
> plow http://127.0.0.1:8080/ -c 20 -n 10000 -d 10s
> plow https://httpbin.org/post -c 100 -d 1m -m POST --body @file.json -T 'application/json'
# Web压测命令 github.com/wg/wrk *20k # +辅助生成图表 sudo apt-get -y install gnuplot --fix-missing
$ wrk -t16 -c600 -d10s -T3s --latency <url> # -t线程数 -c连接数 -d压测时间s --latency响应+n%延迟统计ms --timeout超时
$ wrk -t16 -c100 -d10s -T3s --latency --script ./wrk-post.lua <url> # 备注：-t线程数一般设为CPU的2~4倍：16,32,64,128
$ wrk2 -t16 -c600 -d10s -R14400 --latency <url> # -R每秒请求的速率[次/秒] --latency[-L]响应延迟统计 --timeout[-T]超时
$ wrk2 -t16 -c600 -d10s -R14400 --u_latency <url> # --u_latency[-U]打印未校正的延迟统计;生成报告"未校正延迟直方图"
# Web压测命令 github.com/rakyll/hey *9k # 测试工具hey支持HTTP2 完全可替代ApacheBench(ab) (强力推荐)
> hey [-c concurrency=50] [-n requests=200] [-q Rate-limit(QPS)] [-cpus 4] [-z Duration=10s] \
[-m {GET,POST,DELETE,PUT,HEAD,OPTIONS}] [-H HTTP-Header="Accept: text/html"]=[-A "text/html"] \
[-a Basic-Auth=username:password] [-x HTTP-Proxy=host:port] [-h2 Enable-HTTP/2] \
[-disable-compression] [-disable-keepalive] [-disable-redirects] [-host HTTP-Host-header] \
[-T ContentType="application/json"] \ # defaults="text/html"; "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
[-d DATA] [-D file] [-o Output-Type="csv"] <url>
# Web压测命令 github.com/codesenberg/bombardier *2k
$ bombardier -n 10000 -c 1000 -d 10s -t 3s -l --fasthttp -m GET <url> # -n请求QPS -c连接数 -d压测时间s -l即--latencies
# Web压测命令 github.com/tsliwowicz/go-wrk *1k
$ go-wrk -c 1000 -d 10 -T 3 -no-ka -M GET <url> # -c并发连接数 -d压测时间10s -T超时3s -no-ka即no-keep-alive
> go get github.com/goadapp/goad # 测试工具goad *1.5k > goad -h
> go get github.com/uber/go-torch # 测试CPU火焰图生成工具 *3.5k > go-torch -h
> go get github.com/smallnest/go-web-framework-benchmark # Web性能测试工具 > gowebbenchmark -help > go help vet # 执行代码静态检查(语法检查)
> go tool vet help # 查看工具vet支持哪些检查?
> go list ./...|grep -v vendor|xargs go vet -v # 检查时,排除目录vendor?
> go tool vet -shadow main.go # 检查变量覆盖? 请提前安装 'shadow' analyzer tool
> go get github.com/securego/gosec/cmd/gosec/... # 代码质量与安全分析工具> gosec -fmt=json -out=1.json ./...
> go golint|errcheck|unused|varcheck... # 其它的代码检测工具 go-linters ...
> golint ./... && errcheck ./... # 代码规范及错误检测
> gocyclo -avg -over 5 . # 代码层级深度检测{{一般平均不超过5层}}
# 推荐[ 1.结合github平台进行自动化的审查 https://golangci.com 2.本地代码审查工具 golangci-lint & gocritic ]
> revive -h #1.1代码通过质量检测 go get github.com/mgechev/revive
> golangci-lint run | golangci-lint run ./... #2.1代码通过质量审查 go get github.com/golangci/golangci-lint
> go get github.com/go-lintpack/lintpack/... #2.2其它代码质量工具 gocritic扫描GraphQL代码质量
&& go get -v github.com/go-critic/go-critic/...
&& lintpack build -o gocritic -linter.version='v0.3.4' -linter.name='gocritic' github.com/go-critic/go-critic/checkers
> gocritic check-project %gopath%/src/github.com/graphql-go/graphql/ #> gocritic check -help
> go get github.com/fortytw2/leaktest #2.3检测goroutine内存泄漏问题:leaktest.Check()CheckTimeout()CheckContext()
> go get github.com/google/go-cmp # 一个强大和安全的`Equal`替代方案(reflect.DeepEqual仅用于比较两个值在语义上是否相等)
> go get github.com/go-stack/stack # 包堆栈实现了用于捕获、操作和格式化调用堆栈的实用程序。它提供了比包运行时更简单的API
# 代码书写`Testing Coding` (go语言推荐`表格数据驱动`代码写法;比传统写法:可读性更强+可维护性更好)
> go get github.com/k0kubun/pp # 彩色漂亮的打印输出
> go get github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew # 为数据结构实现了一个深度漂亮的打印输出，以帮助调试。常规手段：
空间换时间，内存、缓存就是典型的空间换时间的例子。利用内存缓存从磁盘上取出的数据，CPU请求数据直接从内存中获取，提高读取数据的效率。
时间换空间，当空间成为瓶颈时，切分数据分批次处理，用更少的空间完成任务处理。上传大附件时经常用这种方式。
分而治之，把任务切分，分开执行，也方便并行执行来提高效率。
异步处理，业务链路上有任务时间消耗较长，可以拆分业务，减少阻塞影响。常见的异步处理机制有MQ(消息队列)，目前在互联网应用中大量使用。
并行，多个进程或者线程同时处理业务，缩短业务处理时间，比如我们在银行办理业务时，如果排队人数较多时，银行会加开柜台。
离用户更近一点，比如CDN技术，把用户请求的静态资源放在离用户更近的地方。
一切可扩展，业务模块化、服务化（同时无状态化）、良好的水平扩展能力。
- 减少算法的时间复杂度
- 根据业务逻辑，设计优化的数据结构 (一般需投入的精力:数据结构>程序算法)
- 尽量减少磁盘IO次数 (现而今需关注)
- 尽量复用资源 (分布式应用需关注)
- 同步锁sync.Map,RWMutex,Mutex (锁的粒度尽量小;尽量使用无锁的方式)
- 内存分配 (数据结构初始化时，尽量指定合适的容量 make 避免多次内存分配)
- 固定的 go routine 数量 + 固定的 channel 数量, 提升单机性能
- 原子操作配合互斥锁可以实现非常高效的单件模式(参考标准库sync.Once)。互斥锁的代价比普通整数的原子读写高很多，在性能敏感的地方可以增加一个数字型的标志位，通过原子检测标志位状态降低互斥锁的使用次数来提高性能。
- High performance go workshop
- An Introduction to go tool trace
- Writing and Optimizing Go code
- Go tooling essentials 、 go-torch
- Profiling、Tracing、Debugging、Runtime statistics and events
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 程序代码排查`go tool pprof`的优化：
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#1. import _ "runtime/pprof" # 添加性能分析采集(可用于控制台程序、测试程序等)
go test -bench=.* -benchtime 10s -cpuprofile=cpu.prof -memprofile=mem.prof #测试与性能分析*testing.B
go tool pprof [binary] [profile] # 调用分析工具pprof(调用上面生成的分析结果文件;再调用svg可生成直观图)
go tool pprof -alloc_objects -inuse_objects [binary] [profile] # 生成对象数量、引用对象数量等分析结果
#go tool pprof -http=:8080 [binary] [profile] # GC对象扫描,函数占据大量CPU(如runtime.scanobject等问题)
# top ; top20 ; top -cum # 按累积取样计数来排序(top命令-默认只包含本地取样计数最大的前十个函数)
#2. import _ "net/http/pprof" # 添加HTTP性能分析采集(也是基于runtime/pprof的封装;用于暴露HTTP端口进行调试)
# 通过访问/debug/pprof查看cpu和内存状况 (通常:我们用wrk来访问，让服务处于高速运行状态，取样的结果会更准确)
# go tool pprof http://127.0.0.1:8080/debug/pprof/profile # 分析CPU采样信息(默认频率100Hz,即每10毫秒取样一次)
# git clone https://github.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph.git 后运行FlameGraph下的(拷贝flamegraph.pl到/usr/local/bin)
# go-torch -u http://127.0.0.1:8080 --seconds 60 -f <cpu.svg> # 火焰图分析CPU: 生成cpu.svg文件
# ... http://127.0.0.1:8080/debug/pprof/profile,heap,goroutine,mutex,block,threadcreate # 查看性能采集数据与分析结果
#2.1 import "expvar"; var v=expvar.NewInt("visits"); v.Publish(name string, v expvar.Var) # 全局注册表func
# 通过访问/debug/vars查看expvar包中注册的所有公共变量(两个指标:os.Args,runtime.Memstats)与自定义变量#globalVars
go get -u github.com/google/pprof # 更新pprof用于性能分析和采集数据可视化(分析cpu时间片,内存,死锁,火焰图等)
# pprof -http=:8088 cpu.prof # 后启动可视化界面 http://127.0.0.1:8088/ui 查看火焰图
go get github.com/uber/go-torch # Web性能测试与CPU火焰图生成工具 > go-torch demo.exe <cpu.prof|mem.prof>
go get github.com/prashantv/go_profiling_talk #剖析如何用pprof和go-torch识别性能瓶颈?视频youtu.be/N3PWzBeLX2M
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 内存管理`GC`的优化：
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 内存分配性能测试
testing.AllocsPerRun() # 检测平均占用内存(分配对象数量)
# 对象数量过多时(引用传递过多时)，导致`GC`三色算法耗费较多CPU（可利用耗费少量的内存，优化耗费的CPU）
map[string]NewStruct -> map[[32]byte]NewStruct # key使用值类型,避免对map遍历
map[int]*NewStruct -> map[int]NewStruct # val使用值类型,避免对map遍历
someSlice []float64 -> someSlice [32]float64 # 可利用值类型Array代替对象类型Slice
someSlice []int -> map[int]bool
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 扩充`IO`容量（横向|纵向）>>分布式应用：
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 分片Sharding > 如何集群? 把数据划分成若干部分,1个部分映射1个Shard(内存中分配完成);把Shard分配到服务器节点上;
节点node+副本replica
# 策略 > 如何分片? <空间索引>把数据按空间范围划分成若干个最小单元Cell;按规则算法把部分单元Cells放入1个Shard分片;
Cell队列中的数据可查找所在Shard/Cell;数据清理Cleango get -d github.com/golang/example/hello # hello
go get -d github.com/golang/playground # playground #本地教程#
go get -d github.com/shen100/golang123 # 适合初学者 #在线教程# > tour tour.go-zh.org
go get -d github.com/go-training/training # 适合初学者
go get -d github.com/jakewright/tutorials # Go Concurrency, Docker ... ...
go get -d github.com/polaris1119/The-Golang-Standard-Library-by-Example # 标准库例子
go get -u github.com/ponzu-cms/ponzu/... # 用户友好可扩展的CMS管理后台(SSL+Push+BoltDB)
go get -d github.com/muesli/cache2go # 缓存库，代码量少，适合学习，锁、goroutines等
go get -d github.com/phachon/gis # 图片上传，下载，存储，裁剪等
go get -d github.com/phachon/mm-wiki # 轻量级的企业知识分享、文档管理、团队协同
go get -d github.com/getlantern/lantern # 网络底层的东西，适合深入学习 *42k
go get -d github.com/Unknwon/the-way-to-go_ZH_CN # 中文入门教程 *2.7k 关注: Gogs, INI file, 音视频学习教程
go get -d github.com/Yesterday17/bili-archive-frontend # 前端实现*bili-bili
go get -d github.com/detectiveHLH/go-backend-starter # 后端实现*gin, gorm
go get -d github.com/etcd-io/etcd/etcdserver # 深度学习*grpc
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go get github.com/gopherjs/gopherjs # Go to javascript compiler, run Go code in browser *9.7k | gopherjs.github.io/playground
go get github.com/dop251/goja # Run ES5(ECMAScript5.1),Babel,Typescript,some-ES6 *1.9k (推荐)
go get github.com/owenthereal/godzilla # Run ES6(ES2015) javascript source code runtime *1.4k
go get github.com/rogchap/v8go # Execute JavaScript from Go
go get github.com/ry/v8worker2 # golang binding to V8
go get github.com/google/grumpy # Run Python source code transcompiler and runtime *10k (推荐)
go get github.com/yuin/gopher-lua # Lua5.1 VM and compiler 运行*.lua *3.9k | github.com/yuin/gopher-lua/cmd/glua
go get github.com/Shopify/go-lua # Lua5.2 VM and compiler 运行*.lua *2.0k | github.com/Shopify/lua-tests
go get github.com/Azure/golua # Lua5.3 VM and compiler 运行*.lua *1.8k | opensource.microsoft.com/projects
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
go get github.com/satori/go.uuid # uuid generator, 支持5种版本(基于RFC4122) *3.6k
go get github.com/rs/xid # uuid shortuuid Snowflake MongoID xid(推荐) *1.5k -xid 20 chars
go get github.com/teris-io/shortid # super short, fully unique 9~10 chars(推荐) *0.5k -URL friendly
go get github.com/bwmarrin/snowflake # 分布式id生成器:Twitter-snowflake算法(1毫秒2^12=4096条,1秒409万条)
go get github.com/sony/sonyflake # 分布式id生成器:Twitter-snowflake扩展(推荐) | www.sony.net
go get github.com/google/uuid # 基于 RFC4122和DCE1.1 生成并检查uuid 用于身份验证和安全 *1.7k
go get github.com/juju/utils # Utility functions: arch,cache,cert,debug,deque,exec,file,hash,kv,os,parallel,proxy,ssh,tar,zip...
go get github.com/henrylee2cn/goutil # Useful and Common utils
go get github.com/shirou/gopsutil # Utils(CPU, Memory, Disks, etc)
go get github.com/appleboy/com # Random、Array、File、Convert
go get github.com/huandu/xstrings # String functions to their friends in other languages
go get github.com/bradfitz/iter # Range [0,n) | for i:=range iter.N(1e9) `内存分配`testing.AllocsPerRun()
go get gopkg.in/pipe.v2 # io.Pipeline | github.com/go-pipe/pipe
go get golang.org/x/sync/errgroup # sync.group | g:=new(errgroup.Group);g.Go(func(){});e:=g.Wait() godoc.org/golang.org/x/sync/errgroup
go get github.com/BurntSushi/locker # l := locker.NewLocker(); l.Lock(string); ... l.Unlock(string)
go get github.com/rafaeldias/async # 超级好用+异步高并发处理(推荐)
go get github.com/Jeffail/tunny # 工作线程池+Api并行处理请求限制goroutines(推荐) *1.5k
go get gopkg.in/go-playground/pool.v3 # 工作线程池+高效对象池(推荐) github.com/go-playground/pool
go get gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v9 # 数据结构扩展验证功能(强力推荐) github.com/go-playground/validator/v10
go get github.com/spf13/cast # 数据类型安全的转换(推荐) *1k
go get github.com/spf13/viper && go get github.com/spf13/pflag # 配置(JSON,TOML,YAML,HCL)热加载;远程配置;缓存;加密等
go get github.com/asaskevich/govalidator # 字符串、数字、切片和自定义结构的验证器(推荐) *4k
go get github.com/bytedance/go-tagexpr # 数据校验，参数Binding:{ B string `tagexpr:"len($)>1 && regexp('^\\w*$')"` }
go get github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema # 数据校验，json schema 自定义错误校验 *1k
go get github.com/dlclark/regexp2 # 正则表达式，兼容 .NET System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex
go get github.com/chrislusf/glow/... # 大数据计算+分布式集群，像Hadoop-MapReduce,Spark,Flink,Storm *2.5k
go get github.com/chrislusf/gleam/... # 快速高并发可扩展分布式计算(推荐)MapReduce,dag,pipe,k8s,Read>HDFS&Kafka
go get github.com/reactivex/rxgo # 响应式编程库rxgo
go get github.com/google/go-intervals/... # 时间范围内执行操作
go get github.com/Knetic/govaluate # 表达式引擎:Eval表达式:Functions:Accessors
go get github.com/cheekybits/genny # 泛型语言支持 golang.org/doc/faq#generics
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go get github.com/TheAlgorithms/Go # 各种算法的实现 github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python *31k
go get github.com/halfrost/LeetCode-Go # 各种算法的实现LeetCode题解,图论,数论,几何,排序算法 *15k
go get gonum.org/v1/gonum/... # 各种算数运行(强力推荐)*3.2k矩阵,线性代数统计,概率分析和抽样,分区&集成&优化,网络分析等
go get github.com/cenkalti/backoff # 指数退避算法,用于降低程序执行速率,如最大尝试重连数等
go get github.com/skelterjohn/go.matrix # 线性代数统计库(推荐)
go get github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash # 超快的非对称加密哈希算法(推荐)> xxhsum -h ; xxhgo ;C语言github.com/Cyan4973/xxHash
go get github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 # 超快的哈希分布均匀的算法(推荐)> murmur32 123456 ; murmur64 123456
go get github.com/bkaradzic/go-lz4 # 无损压缩算法LZ4> lz4 -h ; lz4go ;C语言 github.com/Cyan4973/lz4
go get github.com/pierrec/lz4 # 无损压缩算法LZ4> lz4c -h ; lz4c [compress,uncompress] [<file name> ...]
go get github.com/mholt/archiver/cmd/arc # 压缩/解压文件(zip,tar,rar)> arc archive|unarchive|extract|ls|compress|decompress
go get github.com/hpcloud/tail/... # 从不断更新的文件读取.惠普.开源(推荐) log rotation tool: www.hpe.com
go get github.com/DataDog/zstd # 实时数据压缩方法(强力推荐) DataDog: Facebook/Zstd: Fast-Stream-API
go get github.com/fatih/structs # 数据结构反射 structs.New(struct1).Map,Names,Values,Tag("json"),Field("Name").Set("v")
go get github.com/itsmontoya/linkedlist # 数据结构 linkedlist(推荐)
go get github.com/google/btree # 数据结构 B-Trees
go get github.com/google/trillian # 数据结构 Merkle tree, Verifiable Data Structures *2k
go get github.com/emirpasic/gods # 数据结构(强力推荐)*7.2k Containers,Sets,Lists,Stacks,Maps,Trees,Comps,Iters…
# 编码/解码:性能比拼: https://github.com/alecthomas/go_serialization_benchmarks
go get github.com/vipally/binary # binary编码/解码 data和[]byte的互转(encoding/gob,encoding/binary)
go get github.com/linkedin/goavro # Avro编码/解码 avro.apache.org
go get github.com/tinylib/msgp # MessagePack编码/解码(推荐) 考虑结合缓存库使用
go get github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack # MessagePack编码/解码(像JSON但更快更小) msgpack.org
go get github.com/niubaoshu/gotiny # 效率非常的高，是golang自带序列化库gob的3倍以上(减少使用reflect库)
go get github.com/google/jsonapi # 转换对象，HTTP请求的输入输出 *1k
go get github.com/google/go-querystring/query # 转换对象，URL参数 *1k
go get github.com/json-iterator/go # json编码/解码的性能优化，替换原生(encoding/json) *5k
go get github.com/buger/jsonparser # json解码 10x than encoding/json *3k
go get github.com/tidwall/gjson # json路径+过滤+to[array,map..] gjson.Valid(json)&&gjson.Get(json,"name.last").Exists()
go get github.com/200sc/bebop # 快速高效、跨平台的序列化格式(推荐).NET,TypeScript,Go. github.com/RainwayApp/bebop
go get github.com/andyleap/gencode # 快速高效、通过代码生成编码/解码(推荐)、字节数小于GOB,JSON,MessagePack.
go get github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure # map解码+to[struct] from JSON, Gob, etc. *4k
go get github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery # 解析HTML像jQuery那样操作DOM *7k
go get github.com/ahmetb/go-linq # 使用LINQ功能(推荐)*2k From(slice).Where(predicate).Select(selector).Union(data)
go get github.com/wesovilabs/koazee # 流式(链式操作)不可变+延迟加载(slice)-(强力推荐) *1k
go get github.com/abice/go-enum # 代码生成`枚举类型`的功能 *1k
go get github.com/clipperhouse/gen # 代码生成`类似泛型`的功能 *1k clipperhouse.com/gen/overview
go get github.com/rjeczalik/interfaces/cmd/interfacer # 生成接口代码使用
go get github.com/ungerik/pkgreflect # 生成包反射时使用pkgreflect.go
go get github.com/alecthomas/participle # 超简单的Lexer解析器Parser(推荐使用,Lexer性能高于`反射`) *1.5k
go get github.com/blynn/nex # 好用的Lexer解析器工具，生成go代码&YACC/Bison&正则表达式: nex -r -s lc.nex
go get github.com/antlr/antlr4/runtime/Go/antlr # 语言识别工具，强大的Parser生成器，读取、处理、执行或翻译文本或二进制文件 | www.antlr.org
go get github.com/pkg/errors # 错误处理库pkg/errors (推荐) *5k
go get github.com/juju/errors # 错误描述而不丢失原始错误信息(推荐) *1k
# 日志跟踪、日志解析、日志存储与分析 https://docs.fluentbit.io/manual/development/golang-output-plugins
go get github.com/fluent/fluent-bit-go # 日志解析和搬运工具(推荐) *3k docs.fluentbit.io/manual/installation/windows
go get github.com/mintance/nginx-clickhouse #nginx日志解析和搬运ClickHouse数据库(性能是MySQL的1千倍)
go get github.com/rs/zerolog/log # 日志记录-性能最高(强力推荐) *3k
go get github.com/uber-go/zap # 日志记录-Uber开源-扩展插件 *8.5k
go get github.com/sirupsen/logrus # 日志跟踪-功能最多-扩展插件 *13.4k
go get github.com/levigross/grequests # HTTP client Requests(推荐)
go get gopkg.in/h2non/gentleman.v2 # HTTP client library
go get github.com/sethgrid/pester # HTTP client calls with retries, backoff, and concurrency.
go get github.com/haxpax/gosms # 发短信 SMS gateway *1.2k
go get github.com/upspin/upspin # 构建安全统一和全局命名、共享文件和数据的框架：全局名称系统 *5k
# git clone https://upspin.googlesource.com/upspin %GOPATH%\src\upspin.io
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 敏感信息、加密解密、密钥管理、证书管理
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
go get github.com/ldsec/lattigo # 同态加密库(安全多方计算协议及应用) github.com/Shitaibin/homomorphic-encryption-examples
go get go.mozilla.org/sops/v3 # 加密解密> AWS-KMS,GCP-KMS,Azure-Key-Vault,age,PGP),工具支持YAML,JSON.. *7k
go get filippo.io/age # 加密解密> ncrypt -h 文件加密(推荐) *5.7k github.com/FiloSottile/age
go get github.com/hidevopsio/crypto # 加密解密> crypto rsa -h [rsa -e -s hello][rsa -d -s ***][-k:rsa.key]
go get github.com/minio/sio/cmd/ncrypt # 加密解密> ncrypt -h [静态文件加密(DARE)格式](推荐)
> ncrypt -cipher C20P1305 -p 123456 1.txt > 1-encrypted.txt # 加密文件
> ncrypt -cipher C20P1305 -p 123456 -d 1-encrypted.txt > 1.txt # 解密文件
go get github.com/hashicorp/vault # 动态加密|密钥存储|凭证续约|吊销 *20k (推荐) www.vaultproject.io
go get github.com/toolgood/ToolGood.Words # 敏感词(非法词/脏字)检测过滤 *2k (繁体转简体,全角转半角,汉字转拼音,模糊搜索)
go get github.com/go-ego/gpy # 汉语拼音转换工具(推荐)
# 免费证书、证书管理、自动化工具
go get github.com/caddyserver/certmagic # tls auto (推荐)*3k certmagic.HTTPS([]string{"example.com"}, mux)
go get golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert # tls usage github.com/go-ego/autotls
go get github.com/go-acme/lego/cmd/lego # tls Let's Encrypt client and ACME library, DNS providers manager
# [申请Let's Encrypt永久免费SSL证书] www.jianshu.com/p/3ae2f024c291
# Let’s Encrypt 免费证书 https://go-acme.github.io/lego/usage/cli/examples/
# Let’s Encrypt 免费证书/自动化脚本 https://github.com/srvrco/getssl
# Let’s Encrypt 免费证书/自动化工具 https://certbot.eff.org
# Let’s Encrypt 自动续期证书参考 https://github.com/ywdblog/certbot-letencrypt-wildcardcertificates-alydns-au
# openssl 证书管理参考 https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man1/
# 网络协议、网络库、事件总线
go get github.com/shadowsocks/go-shadowsocks2 # shadowsocks/SOCKS5网络协议、SIP003 plugins *2k
go get github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p # 网络库模块p2p-serves
go get github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-examples # 网络库模块p2p-examples
go get github.com/perlin-network/noise # 网络库模块p2p-高性能分散式应用程序框架 *1.4k
go get github.com/xtaci/gaio # 精心设计-高并发可扩展的异步IO网络库
go get github.com/xtaci/smux # 多路复用-面向流的IO网络库-令牌桶+Session数据共享
go get github.com/xtaci/kcptun # 基于KCP的稳定和安全隧道，具有N:M多路复用和FEC *11.5k
go get github.com/xtaci/kcp-go # 安全可靠-UDP网络库和FEC，百万级客户端连接的网络库kcptun *2.5k
go get github.com/asaskevich/EventBus # 异步的事件总线Subscribe/Publish/Wait/Callback *1k
go get github.com/tidwall/evio # 超快的事件驱动网络框架IO*server{http,redis..} *4k
go get github.com/panjf2000/gnet # 高性能事件驱动非阻塞轻量级网络框架 *2k
go get github.com/nuclio/nuclio-sdk-go # 高性能事件微服务和数据处理平台(结合MQ,Kafka,DB)*3k
> docker run -p 8070:8070 -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v /tmp:/tmp quay.io/nuclio/dashboard:stable-amd64
go get github.com/muesli/beehive # 灵活的事件/代理/自动化系统 *3k
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# https://github.com/etcd-io # 分布式可靠键值存储，适用于分布式系统中最关键的数据；提供分享配置和服务发现
# client: http://play.etcd.io # 数据中心 etcd 下载 github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases
go get github.com/hashicorp/serf/cmd/serf # 数据中心 serf 基于 Gossip Membership, P2P对等网络+去中心化 www.serf.io
go get github.com/xordataexchange/crypt/bin/crypt # 加密存储 secret keyring: gpg(gpg4win)用于安全传输(类似rsa)
go get github.com/minio/minio-go # 云存储|分布式存储SDK|网盘|OSS|golang客户端 www.min.io
go get github.com/minio/mc # 云存储|配置客户端, 指南 docs.min.io/cn
go get github.com/minio/minio # 云存储|配置服务端, 安装 min.io/download
go get github.com/minio/minio-go/v7 # 云存储|开发客户端(minio-go)
go get github.com/perkeep/perkeep/cmd/... # Camlistore 个人存储系统：一种存储、同步、共享、建模和备份内容的方式 *5k
go get github.com/schollz/croc # 轻松安全地在两台计算机之间传输文件数据 *5k
go get -d github.com/rclone/rclone # 云存储的Sync: 用于各种文件存储服务的同步 *15k
go get -d github.com/s3git/s3git # 云存储的Git: 用于数据的分布式版本控制系统 *1k
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
go get github.com/go-redis/redis # 内存数据库,类型安全的Redis-client *9k (推荐使用,性能高于redigo)
go get github.com/gomodule/redigo # 内存数据库,集成原生的Redis-cli *7k
go get -d github.com/griddb/go_client # 内存时序数据库,NoSql数据库GridDB *2k
go get github.com/sent-hil/bitesized # Redis位图计数> 统计分析、实时计算
go get github.com/yannh/redis-dump-go # Redis导出导入> redis-dump-go -h ; redis-cli --pipe < backup.resp;redis-dump
go get github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb # 内存数据库,谷歌leveldb推荐
go get github.com/golang/groupcache # 内存数据库,谷歌groupcache推荐,可用于替代memcache,实现了lru和一致性哈希
go get github.com/seefan/gossdb/example # 内存数据库,替代Redis的ssdb ssdb.io/zh_cn
go get github.com/go-redis/cache
go get github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fastcache # 缓存库[性能高于BigCache,FreeCache](强力推荐)+时序数据库VictoriaMetrics
go get github.com/allegro/bigcache # 缓存库[GB级大数据高效缓存+超快的GC](推荐) *4k
go get github.com/eko/gocache # 缓存管理(推荐)memory[Bigcache,Ristretto]memcache,redis(Chained,Load,Metric)
go get github.com/dgraph-io/badger/... # 高性能k/v数据库,支持事务BadgerDB(强力推荐) *8k (LSM+tree,ACID,Stream,KV+ver,SSD)
go get github.com/boltdb/bolt/... # 高性能k/v数据库,支持事务,B+tree,ACID,分桶 *11k (性能低于badger)
go get github.com/tidwall/buntdb # 内存数据库k/v-store, persists-to-disk, index, geospatial等功能
go get github.com/tidwall/buntdb-benchmark # 性能测试 buntdb-benchmark -n 10000 -q # 单机-超越Redis
go get github.com/codenotary/immudb # 轻量级高性能不可变数据库系统-基于BadgerDB(推荐) *1.5k
go get github.com/tecbot/gorocksdb # 高性能key/value数据库RocksDB用于闪存和RAM存储的持久键值存储系统
go get github.com/melihmucuk/geocache # 适用于地理位置处理, 基于应用程序的内存缓存 *1k
go get github.com/bluele/gcache # 支持LFU、LRU 和 ARC 的缓存数据库 *1k
go get github.com/couchbase/go-couchbase # Couchbase 客户端
go get github.com/prometheus/prometheus # 时序数据库Prometheus+系统监控 (强力推荐) *34k https://prometheus.io
go get github.com/pingcap/tidb # 分布式关系型数据库,包括RDBMS和NoSQL特性等 *26k https://pingcap.com/docs-cn
go get github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach # 著名的开源NewSQL数据库,支持地理位置事务等 *19k www.cockroachlabs.com/docs/stable
go get github.com/influxdata/influxdb # 时序数据库InfluxDB,支持实时+分布式+事件等 *20k github.com/influxdata/influxdb
go get github.com/influxdata/influxdb-client-go # 时序数据库InfluxDB客户端 v2.docs.influxdata.com/v2.0/get-started
go get github.com/dgraph-io/dgraph/dgraph # 分布式位图索引数据库,高性能+分布式+低延迟+高吞吐量 *15k
go get github.com/pilosa/pilosa # 分布式位图索引数据库,实时计算+大数据+列式存储 *2k kuanshijiao.com/2017/06/12/pilosa1
go get github.com/vitessio/vitess # 数据库集群系统,用于MySQL的水平缩放(强力推荐) *11k
go get github.com/uber/h3-go # Uber H3算法实现蜂窝六边形聚合,地理空间索引系统 *2k github.com/uber/h3
go get github.com/tidwall/tile38 # 具有空间索引和实时地理位置数据库,如PostGIS *7k docker run -p 9851:9851 tile38/tile38
go get github.com/ledisdb/ledisdb/cmd/ledis # 高性能NoSQL数据库,包括kv,list,hash,zset *4k backend-store:LevelDB,RocksDB,RAM.
# CGO_CFLAGS="-I/path/to/rocksdb/include" \ # 脸书开源RocksDB(推荐) v5.16+ github.com/facebook/rocksdb
# CGO_LDFLAGS="-L/path/to/rocksdb -lrocksdb -lstdc++ -lm -lz -lbz2 -lsnappy -llz4 -lzstd" \ # 系统环境变量
go get github.com/mholt/timeliner/cmd/timeliner # 时序存储 1.定义结构timeliner.toml;2.添加账号;3.填充数据OAuth2API *2k
# SQLDrivers: https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/SQLDrivers
# MySQL::使用最广泛的开源的关系型数据库 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads
go get github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql # Mysql client and driver *10k github.com/siddontang/go-mysql
go get github.com/mattn/go-oci8 # Oracle env: instantclient & MinGW-w64-gcc & pkgconfig/oci8.pc
go get github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb # MSsql client and driver *1k
go get github.com/globalsign/mgo # MongoDB^4 client and driver *2k
go get gopkg.in/mgo.v2 # MongoDB:Cluster,Concurrent,Auth,GridFS *2k github.com/go-mgo/mgo labix.org/mgo
# PostgreSQL::功能最强大的开源的数据库 https://www.postgresql.org http://www.postgres.cn/v2/download
go get github.com/lib/pq # Postgres client and driver *6k github.com/prest/prest
go get github.com/jackc/pgx # Postgres client and toolkit *3k
go get github.com/go-pg/pg/v9 # Postgres client and ORM *4k
go get github.com/sosedoff/pgweb # Postgres client and WebUI *7k
# ClickHouse::面向列的开源数据库,性能是MySQL的1千倍 https://clickhouse.tech/docs/zh/interfaces/third-party/client-libraries
go get github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-go # ClickHouse client driver *2k
go get github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 # SQLite client and driver *4k
go get github.com/astaxie/beego/orm # 数据库orm *25k support mysql,postgres,sqlite3...
go get gorm.io/gorm # 数据库orm *21k gorm.io/docs V1: github.com/jinzhu/gorm
> git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/rana/ora.git %GOPATH%/src/gopkg.in/rana/ora.v4 && go get gopkg.in/rana/ora.v4
go get github.com/jmoiron/sqlx # 数据库orm sql扩展 (强力推荐) *9k (extensions go's standard database/sql)
go get github.com/heetch/sqalx # sqlx & sqalx 支持嵌套的事务
go get github.com/twiglab/sqlt # sqlx & sqlt 模板拼接sql和java的数据库访问工具MyBatis的sql配置
go get github.com/albert-widi/sqlt # sqlx & sqlt 支持数据库主从数据源，读写分离
go get github.com/go-xorm/xorm # 数据库orm *6k (support mysql,postgres,tidb,sqlite3,mssql,oracle)
go get github.com/go-xorm/builder # ^xorm SQL Builder 增强-拼接sql
go get github.com/xormplus/xorm # ^xorm增强版*$ 支持sql模板,动态sql,嵌套事务,类ibatis配置等
# ^xorm增强版*文档 www.kancloud.cn/xormplus/xorm/167077
go get github.com/upper/db # 数据库orm *2.4k (support PostgreSQL,MySQL,MSSQL,CockroachDB,MongoDB,QL,SQLite)
go get github.com/didi/gendry # 滴滴开源 SQL Builder 增强-拼接sql、连接池管理、结构映射
go get github.com/golang-migrate/migrate # 数据库 schema 迁移工具 *3k
go get github.com/rubenv/sql-migrate/... # 数据库 schema 迁移工具，允许使用 go-bindata 将迁移嵌入到应用程序中 *1k
> git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/go-gormigrate/gormigrate.git %GOPATH%/src/gopkg.in/gormigrate.v1 && go get gopkg.in/gormigrate.v1
go get github.com/gchaincl/dotsql # 帮助你将 sql 文件保存至某个地方并轻松使用sql
go get github.com/xo/usql # 命令行工具 usql oracle,mssql,postgres,influxDB,mysql,tidb,vitess,redis..
go get github.com/xo/xo # 命令行工具 xo --help [DbFirst]生成 models/*.xo.go for gorm migrate */
> cp %GOPATH%/src/github.com/xo/xo/templates/* ./templates # 复制模板,修改模板 */
> xo mysql://root:[email protected]:3306/AppAuth?parseTime=true -o ./models [--template-path templates]
> xo mssql://sa:123456@localhost:1433/AppAuth?parseTime=true -o ./models [--template-path templates]
> xo pgsql://user:pass@host/db -o models --ignore-fields created_at modified_at # 忽略字段
> xo pgsql://user:pass@host/db -N -M -B -T AuthorResultDto -o models /* ENDSQL
SELECT a.name::varchar AS name, b.type::integer AS my_type
FROM authors a INNER JOIN authortypes b ON a.id = b.author_id
WHERE a.id = %%authorID int%% LIMIT %%limit int%%
ENDSQL */
//go:generate xo pgsql://user:pass@host/db -o models --template-path templates # 在build前使用命令>> go generate
go get github.com/go-xorm/cmd/xorm # 命令行工具 xorm help [DbFirst]生成 models/*.go */
> cp %GOPATH%/src/github.com/go-xorm/cmd/xorm/templates/goxorm/* ./templates */
> xorm reverse mysql root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/AppAuth?charset=utf8 ./templates ./models [^表名前缀]
> xorm reverse mssql "server=localhost;user id=sa;password=<password>;database=AppAuth" \
%GOPATH%/src/github.com/go-xorm/cmd/xorm/templates/goxorm ./models [^表名前缀]
go get github.com/xxjwxc/gormt # 命令行工具 gormt [DbFirst]生成*.go mysql gorm migrate
go get github.com/Shelnutt2/db2struct/cmd/db2struct # 命令行工具 db2struct -h [DbFirst]生成*.go mysql gorm migrate
> db2struct -v -t login_log --struct LoginLog --package dto --target=文件名.go -H localhost --mysql_port=3306 \
-d gocron -u cron -p <password> --gorm --guregu # -d数据库 -u账号 -p密码 --gorm数据库orm --guregu空值类型
go get github.com/mattatcha/scaneo # 命令行工具 scaneo -h 把数据表行转换为输出类和列表结构
go get github.com/urfave/cli/v2 # 超级简易的命令行工具开发库 *13k
go get github.com/k1LoW/tbls # 超强的数据库说明文档生成器 *1k (可生成Markdown,Excel,YAML,JSON,Image等)
go get github.com/cayleygraph/go-client # 图数据库 Client API *13k
go get github.com/cayleygraph/cayley # 图数据库(推荐) Driven & RESTful API & LevelDB Stores
go get github.com/siesta/neo4j # Neo4j 客户端 github.com/jmcvetta/neoism
go get github.com/go-ego/riot # Riot 搜索引擎|分布式索引|中文分词|中文转拼音 *5k
go get github.com/blevesearch/bleve # Bleve 现代文本搜索引擎 *6k
go get github.com/olivere/elastic # Elasticsearch 6.0客户端 *4k
go get github.com/Qihoo360/poseidon # 360开源|百亿级日志分布式搜索引擎&Hadoop *1.5k
go get github.com/DarthSim/imgproxy # Fast image server: docker pull darthsim/imgproxy
go get willnorris.com/go/imageproxy/... # Caching image proxy server & docker & nginx② Web框架
# Web开发推荐如下：Router|Api框架 + MVC框架
go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin # 后端WebSvr框架 *46k: Gin(强力推荐) Star最高的Web框架 gin-gonic.com/zh-cn
go get github.com/beego/beego/v2 # 后端WebSvr框架 *26k: API、Web、MVC 高度解耦框架 beego.me/docs 项目管理工具 github.com/beego/bee
go get github.com/kataras/iris # 后端WebSvr框架 *20k (推荐)
# 各大 Go 模板引擎的对比及压力测试 github.com/SlinSo/goTemplateBenchmark
go get github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2 # Fiber*基于🚀fasthttp 类似Expressjs的Web框架 *12k (强力推荐)
# 基础模块：缓存,日志,队列,数组,集合,容器,定时器,命令行,内存锁,对象池,配置&资源管理,数据校验&编码,定时任务,数据库ORM,TCP/UDP,进程管理&通信等
# Web开发核心组件：Router,Cookie,Session,Middleware,服务注册,模板引擎等，支持热重启,热更新,域名绑定,TLS/HTTPS,Rewrite等。
# GF(Go Frame) 类似PHP的Laravel, Java的SpringBoot, Python的Django +官网 goframe.org/display/gf +在线体验 demo.g-fast.cn
go get github.com/gogf/gf # GF(Go Frame)*一款模块化,高性能,生产级开发框架 *5k (强力推荐)
# 入门程序：[iris+xorm]github.com/yz124/superstar [gorm+jwt]github.com/snowlyg/IrisApiProject [pg+angular]github.com/iris-contrib/parrot
go get github.com/valyala/fasthttp # 最快WebSvr框架 10倍于net/http (推荐) *15k
go get github.com/buaazp/fasthttprouter # #1~fasthttp高性能路由器
go get github.com/vincentLiuxiang/lu # #2~fasthttp高性能中间件
go get github.com/kataras/go-sessions/v3 # #3~fasthttp会话Session(BadgerDB) *1k (推荐)
go get github.com/phachon/fasthttpsession # #3~fasthttp会话Session(memory,memcache,redis,mysql,postgres,file,sqlite3)
go get github.com/valyala/quicktemplate/qtc # ~Quicktemplate is more than 20x faster than html/template
go get github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter # 高性能Router框架(强力推荐) *12k (很多Web框架都是基于它进行二次开发)
go get github.com/henrylee2cn/faygo # 快速简洁的Web框架，可用于开发高性能web应用程序 *2k (推荐)结构定义/自动绑定/验证参数/在线API文档
go get gopkg.in/macaron.v1 # 高生产力的和模块化设计的web框架+依赖注入(推荐) *3k go-macaron.com/zh-cn
go get goa.design/goa/v3/cmd/goa # 高生产力的和集成开发的web框架+微服务工具链goa *4k
go get github.com/gorilla/{mux,sessions,schema,csrf,handlers,websocket} # 后端Web框架与工具链mux *10k
go get github.com/revel/cmd/revel # 高生产率的全栈web框架 *11k > revel new -a my-app -r
go get github.com/graphql-go/graphql # Facebook开源API查询语言 *5k GraphQL中文网™ graphql.org.cn
go get github.com/graph-gophers/graphql-go # GraphQL api server *3k
go get github.com/99designs/gqlgen # GraphQL server library, Codegen the model in gqlgen.yml *4.2k
go get golang.org/x/oauth2 # OAuth 2.0 认证授权 *2k github.com/golang/oauth2
# 统一安全管理平台 4A(Authentication,Authorization,Account,Audit) 关键一环✅ladon&casbin两个Authorization库 github.com/ory/ladon
go get github.com/open-policy-agent/opa # 策略引擎OPA(强力推荐) Open Policy Agent[CNCF:Google,微软,Styra] www.openpolicyagent.org/docs
go get github.com/go-training/opa-demo # 基于角色的访问控制(RBAC)(推荐) 基于策略引擎OPA实现
go get github.com/casbin/casbin # 授权访问-认证服务(推荐) *9k 访问控制模型(ACL, RBAC, ABAC) 官网 casbin.org
go get github.com/volatiletech/authboss # 授权访问-认证服务(推荐) *3k CSRF,Throttle,Auth(Pwd|OAuth2|2fa[totp.sms])
go get github.com/mikespook/gorbac # 基于角色的访问控制:身份&角色+角色&权限`多对多关系`+继承权限 *1k
go get github.com/bitly/oauth2_proxy # 反向代理-认证服务(推荐) *5k (OAuth2.0, OpenID Connect; Google, Github...
go get github.com/furkansenharputlu/f-license # 许可证密钥验证系统, client+server license key generate and verification
go get github.com/google/wire/cmd/wire # 依赖注入 google/wire (推荐)*3k 代码生成工具(编译时注入)
go get go.uber.org/dig # 依赖注入 uber/dig (推荐)*1k pkg.go.dev/go.uber.org/dig
go get go.uber.org/ratelimit # 速率限制 github.com/uber-go/ratelimit
go get github.com/juju/ratelimit # 速率限制-由高效的令牌桶实现(推荐)*1k 调用Bucket方法及限流Read+Write
go get golang.org/x/time # 速率限制-调用Limiter接口 import golang.org/x/time/rate
go get github.com/sony/gobreaker # 熔断功能-断路器模式(推荐) breaker.CircuitBreaker www.sony.net
go get github.com/afex/hystrix-go # 熔断功能-频率限制qps
go get github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-client-go # 分布式链路追踪系统 *9.6k CNCF(推荐) github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger
go get github.com/fvbock/endless # 站点零停机\重启
go get github.com/codegangsta/gin # 站点热启动 > gin -h
go get github.com/ochinchina/supervisord # 开机启动服务-后台守护进程 *1.7k $ supervisord -d -c website.conf (linux)
go get github.com/takama/daemon # 系统服务安装-后台守护进程 *1.5k (windows+linux)
go get github.com/sourcegraph/checkup/cmd/checkup # 分布式站点健康检查工具 > checkup --help
go get github.com/hunterlong/statping # 使用漂亮的图形、分析和插件，监控您的网站和应用程序 *2k
go get github.com/mholt/caddy/caddy # 全栈Web服务平台 *21k (配置apache+nginx) caddyserver.com
go get github.com/inconshreveable/ngrok # 反向代理工具，快捷开放内网端口供外部使用 *20k https://ngrok.com
go get github.com/gaia-pipeline/gaia # 自动化运维Web平台Pipe任务 *4k
go get github.com/oxequa/realize # 自动化任务,开发流程改进工具 *4k
go get github.com/cweill/gotests # 自动化测试,自动生成用例工具 *3k
go get github.com/silenceper/gowatch # 热编译工具,加速开发效率工具
go get github.com/gohugoio/hugo # 超快的静态网站生成工具(强力推荐) *51k gohugo.io
go get github.com/rakyll/statik # 将静态资源文件嵌入到Go二进制文件中，提供http服务> statik -src=/path/to
go get github.com/go-bindata/go-bindata/... # 将静态资源文件嵌入到Go二进制文件中，提供访问> Asset(), AssetFile()
go get github.com/elazarl/go-bindata-assetfs/... # 提供http服务> http.Handle("/", http.FileServer(assetFS()))
go get github.com/spf13/afero # sftpfs,tarfs,zipfs,httpFs,regexpFs,MemMapFs(推荐) *4k (go1.16 abstraction io/fs.FS)
go get github.com/drakkan/sftpgo # 全功能和高度可配置SFTP服务器 *3k
go get github.com/codeskyblue/gohttpserver # 静态文件服务器(推荐) *1k Auth,Upload,QRCode,zipDownload,indexPage
go get github.com/chrislusf/seaweedfs/weed # 提供小文件的简单且高度可扩展的分布式文件管理系统，可集成其他云服务，如AWS..
go get github.com/bigfile/bigfile/artisan # 提供http-api,rpc,ftp客户端文件管理(推荐) learnku.com/docs/bigfile/1.0
go get github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/v2 # 提供用户文件管理系统(推荐) > filebrowser -p 2128 -r B:/go/filebrowser/srv
go get github.com/radovskyb/watcher # 监视文件目录变更,文件过滤,自定义事件过滤(推荐) *1k
go get github.com/yudai/gotty # 终端扩展为Web网站服务 *12k
go get github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go/cmd/jwt # JSON Web Tokens (JWT) *6k
go get github.com/appleboy/gin-jwt # JWT Middleware for Gin *1k
go get github.com/dvsekhvalnov/jose2go # JWT JSON Web Token implementation, jose-jwt for .net
go get github.com/urfave/negroni # Http Middleware: Recovery,Logger,Static,JWT,CORS,Data-binding,authz-Casbin..
go get github.com/thoas/stats # Http Router Filter[计时] *1k
go get github.com/gorilla/sessions # session & cookie authentication *1.5k
go get github.com/kgretzky/evilginx2 # session & cookie, 2-factor authentication *2.5k
go get github.com/dpapathanasiou/go-recaptcha # Google验证码|申请(推荐) www.google.com/recaptcha/admin/create
go get github.com/dchest/captcha # 验证码|图片|声音(推荐)
go get github.com/mojocn/base64Captcha # 验证码|展示 | captcha.mojotv.cn
go get github.com/fogleman/gg # 图像处理库渲染2D图形Drawing,Text,Color,Line,Gradients,Transform,Clip,Stack
go get github.com/anthonynsimon/bild # 图像处理库 adjust,blend,blur,channel,effect,histogram,imgio,noise,segment
go get gocv.io/x/gocv # 开源跨平台的图像视觉算法库 OpenCV *4k (支持硬件 Nvidia-GPUs, Intel OpenVINO)
go get github.com/emersion/go-imap/... # 邮箱服务器 IMAP library for clients and servers
go get github.com/sdwolfe32/trumail/... # 邮件验证 go clients
go get github.com/matcornic/hermes/v2 # 邮件验证 HTML e-mails, like: npm i mailgen github.com/eladnava/mailgen
go get github.com/fagongzi/gateway # API网关,基于HTTP协议的restful网关,可以作为统一的API接入层
go get github.com/wanghongfei/gogate # 高性能Spring-Cloud网关, 路由配置热更新-负载均衡-灰度-服务粒度流量控制-流量统计
go get github.com/go-swagger/go-swagger/cmd/swagger #API文档 swagger generate spec --scan-models -o docs/swagger.json
go get github.com/swaggo/http-swagger # 自动生成API文档的http中间件 swagger 2.0
go get github.com/swaggo/gin-swagger # 自动生成API文档的Gin中间件 swagger 2.0
go get github.com/fengbeihong/macaron-swagger # 自动生成API文档的macaron中间件 swagger 2.0
go get github.com/Shpota/goxygen # 生成前端项目CLI ( Angular, React or Vue )
# 高效传输协议QUIC='HTTP/3'(TCP+TLS+HTTP/2) # 体验 halfrost.com/quic_start
go get github.com/lucas-clemente/quic-go # QUIC是谷歌制定的基于UDP低时延的传输层协议 HTTP/3
# 谷歌开源gRPC grpc.io/docs/quickstart/go # HTTP/2 传输更快 http2.golang.org
# 1.安装: protoc、genproto; <protoc>插件: protoc-gen-go、protoc-gen-gogo、protoc-gen-gofast;prototool(增强protoc)
> github.com/google/protobuf/releases # 先下载protobuf-command > protoc.exe & protoc
> git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go.git %GOPATH%/src/google.golang.org/grpc
> git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/google/go-genproto %GOPATH%/src/google.golang.org/genproto
> go get github.com/golang/{text,net} # 安装protoc的依赖 ↓
> go get github.com/golang/protobuf/{proto,protoc-gen-go} # 安装插件protoc-gen-go ↓
$ protoc --go_out=plugins=grpc:. *.proto # 使用插件 segmentfault.com/a/1190000009277748
> go get github.com/gogo/protobuf/{proto,protoc-gen-gogo,protoc-gen-gofast} # 推荐gofast性能高于protoc-gen-go ↓
$ protoc --gogo_out=plugins=grpc:. *.proto || protoc --gofast_out=plugins=grpc:. *.proto # 插件gogo&gofast
# ⚡ gRPC-Gateway (gRPC to JSON proxy 例子) + swagger + validators ↓
> git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/gogo/grpc-example.git && set GO111MODULE=on && go build -mod=vendor
$ prototool help # 增强版 protoc (推荐) github.com/uber/prototool <ubuntu>
> go get github.com/fullstorydev/grpcurl # 命令行工具 grpcurl -help <服务列表+调用方法+反射服务>
> go get github.com/fullstorydev/grpcui # WebUI管理 grpcui -help <同上> grpcui -plaintext <ip>:<grpc端口>
# 2.使用: gRPC-Examples > cd %GOPATH%/src/google.golang.org/grpc/examples/helloworld
> protoc -I ./helloworld --go_out=plugins=grpc:./helloworld ./helloworld/helloworld.proto #2.1生成代码*.pb.go
> go run ./greeter_server/main.go ; go run ./greeter_client/main.go #2.2启动服务&客户端
go get github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/... # 谷歌开源网关(gRPC to JSON proxy: 读取protobuf,生成反向代理)
go get github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware #auth,logrus,prometheus⚡,opentracing,validator...
go get github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus
go get google.golang.org/genproto
go get google.golang.org/grpc
go get google.golang.org/protobuf
go get github.com/TykTechnologies/tyk # Tyk开源|服务网关API:auth,grantKeyAccess&keyExpiry,ratelimit...
go get github.com/istio/istio # 谷歌开源|微服务集群管理k8s *22k istio.io | www.grpc.io
go get github.com/go-kit/kit/cmd/kitgen # 阿里推荐|微服务构建框架gRPC *17k gokit.io (强力推荐)
go get github.com/micro/go-micro # 开源Micro分布式RPC微服务 *12k (强力推荐)
go get github.com/apache/thrift/lib/go/thrift/... #滴滴推荐|Thrift协议的高性能RPC框架 *7k (推荐) thrift.apache.org > thrift -help
go get github.com/bilibili/kratos/tool/kratos # bilibili开源微服务框架|包含大量微服务框架工具 *9k
go get github.com/bilibili/sniper # bilibili开源轻量级业务框架,mvc+rpc业务工具库(推荐) *1k
go get github.com/TarsCloud/TarsGo/tars # 腾讯开源|基于Tars协议的高性能RPC框架 *2k 网关+容器化+服务治理(推荐)
go get github.com/jhump/protoreflect # protobuf文件动态解析接口，可以实现反射相关的能力
# 分布式RPC框架rpcx，支持Zookepper、etcd、consul服务发现&路由 *3k books.studygolang.com/go-rpc-programming-guide
go get -u -v -tags "reuseport quic kcp zookeeper etcd consul ping rudp utp" github.com/smallnest/rpcx/...
go get -u -v -insecure github.com/henrylee2cn/erpc/v6 # eRPC一个高效可扩展且易于使用的RPC框架(推荐) *2.1k
go get github.com/gorilla/rpc # A golang foundation for RPC over HTTP services.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
go get github.com/gocolly/colly/... # 高性能Web采集利器 *7k
go get github.com/crawlab-team/crawlab # 分布式爬虫管理平台 *6k 安装 https://crawlab.cn
go get github.com/henrylee2cn/pholcus # 重量级爬虫Pholcus(幽灵蛛) *6k
go get github.com/MontFerret/ferret # 声明式爬虫系统 *4k
go get github.com/unidoc/unioffice # 读写Office文档 *2k
go get github.com/tealeg/xlsx # 读写Excel文件 *4k
go get github.com/360EntSecGroup-Skylar/excelize # 读写Excel文件(推荐) *5k https://sheetjs.com/demos/table.html
go get github.com/davyxu/tabtoy # 高性能表格数据导出器(推荐) *1k (支持JSON/Golang/C#/Java/Lua/二进制源)
go get github.com/claudiodangelis/qr-filetransfer # 二维码识别|qr转换 *3k
go get github.com/skip2/go-qrcode/... # 二维码生成器 > qrcode *1k
go get github.com/mdp/qrterminal/v3 # 二维码生成器$命令行> qrterminal https://github.com/mdp/qrterminal
go get github.com/lionsoul2014/ip2region # IP地址定位库\毫秒级查询 *7.5k _城市Id|国家|区域|省份|城市|ISP_ github.com/cjinle/ip2regionserver
go get github.com/esimov/pigo/cmd/pigo # 人脸检测工具库 > pigo -in input.jpg -out out.jpg -cf cascade/facefinder
go get github.com/go-echarts/go-echarts/... # 数据可视化图表库:25+图表:400+地图 go-echarts.github.io/go-echarts
go get github.com/jung-kurt/gofpdf # 创建PDF文件 *3.6k | 支持text,drawing,images
go get github.com/pdfcpu/pdfcpu # 创建PDF文件 *1.7k | 支持text,drawing,images
go get github.com/unidoc/unipdf/... # 创建PDF文件 *1.0k | unidoc.io
# Gotenberg is a Docker-powered stateless API for converting HTML, Markdown and Office documents to PDF.
# https://thecodingmachine.github.io/gotenberg/#url.basic.c_url
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
go get github.com/gorilla/websocket # WebSocket Serve(推荐1) *13k 一个快速，测试良好，广泛使用的WebSocket
go get github.com/joewalnes/websocketd # Websocket Serve(推荐2) *15k 将STDIN/STDOUT程序转换为WebSocket服务器
go get github.com/gotify/server # WebSocket Serve(推荐3) *5.2k 提供Web管理及客户端App推送功能 gotify.net
go get github.com/googollee/go-socket.io # WebSocket Serve(推荐4) *3.7k 提供完整的WebSocket接口处理 socket.io/docs
go get github.com/gobwas/ws # WebSocket Serve(推荐5) *3.4k 支持百万级连接数 github.com/socketio/socket.io
# 聊天室 git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/GoBelieveIO/im_service.git && cd im_service && dep ensure && mkdir bin && make install
# 高并发 go get github.com/xiaojiaqi/10billionhongbaos # 抢购系统：单机支持QPS达6万，可以满足100亿红包的压力测试
# https://github.com/oikomi/FishChatServer2 消息服务与聊天功能，支持容器部署 (Kubernetes + Docker)
go get github.com/tinode/chat # Tinode即时消息服务(提供gRPC,WebSocket;存储MySQL,MongoDB) *5k 类似|WhatsApp|Telegram
go get github.com/go-telegram-bot-api/telegram-bot-api # 实现Telegram-Bot-API加密聊天服务器 *2k
go get github.com/matryer/vice # Channels：horizontal scale (powered by message queues) *1k
go get github.com/eapache/channels # Channels：`Distribute分发`1In*Out,`Multiplex多路复用`,`Pipe通道`,`BatchingChannel批量`...
go get github.com/dirkaholic/kyoo # Unlimited job queue.Submit from http.handler by channels
go get github.com/enriquebris/goconcurrentqueue # 高并发-队列-线程安全 FixedFIFO 2x faster than FIFO handler
go get github.com/beeker1121/goque # 高性能-堆栈-队列-数据存储 LevelDB Stores FIFO any data structure
go get github.com/takama/daemon # 系统服务-守护进程 daemon *1.5k |install|remove|start|stop|status
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
go get github.com/robfig/cron # 任务计划 a cron library *7k | 通用任务基础类库(强烈推荐)
go get github.com/ouqiang/gocron # 定时任务管理系统Web *3k | 用于替代Linux-crontab (推荐)
go get github.com/shunfei/cronsun # 定时任务分布式容错系统 *2k | 依赖MongoDB,etcd3 支持多主机节点
go get github.com/gocraft/work # 定时任务管理(redis-queue) *1.5k | 依赖redis (英文界面)
go get github.com/lisijie/webcron # 定时任务管理系统Web(beego) *1k | 依赖MySQL (中文界面)
go get github.com/olebedev/emitter # 轻量级的基于通道的发布订阅模式 *1k
go get github.com/gocelery/gocelery # 分布式任务队列系统client/server *1.5k
go get github.com/benmanns/goworker # 10万级并发任务\redis/workers(推荐) *2.5k
go get github.com/emitter-io/emitter # 分布式可扩展的发布订阅消息平台(推荐) *2.7k
go get github.com/RichardKnop/machinery/v2 # 分布式消息队列+异步任务平台(强烈推荐) *4.8k
go get github.com/streadway/amqp # RabbitMQ tutorials *3.5k | github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-tutorials
go get github.com/blackbeans/kiteq # KiteQ 是一个基于 go + protobuff + zookeeper 实现的多种持久化方案的mq框架
go get github.com/RussellLuo/timingwheel # 高并发时间轮(推荐) *1k | Timer,Scheduler,DelayQueue
go get github.com/nats-io/nats-server # 消息中间件nats服务端(强烈推荐) *8k 高性能200kQps几倍于(Kafla,Redis会切断慢用户)
go get github.com/nats-io/nats.go # 消息中间件nats客户端(参考) *3k docs.nats.io/developing-with-nats/tutorials
go get github.com/sohlich/nats-proxy # 消息代理库HTTP请求(推荐) REST API
go get github.com/nsqio/nsq # 实时分布式消息平台nsq(推荐) *15k : nsqlookupd & nsqd & nsqadmin
go get github.com/youzan/nsq # 有赞科技的nsq重塑(参考) www.bilibili.com/video/av29142217
go get github.com/travisjeffery/jocko # 消息中间件Kafka原生Go实现 *3k : producing/consuming[生产/消费] cluster[zk集群]
go get github.com/Shopify/sarama # 消息中间件Kafka客户端(推荐) *5k : github.com/bsm/sarama-cluster [集群客户端]
go get github.com/appleboy/gorush # 消息中间件gorush服务(推荐) *4k : api, notification queue, multiple workers
go get github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server #通讯 *15k 为您带来跨PC和移动设备的消息+文件分享，提供归档+搜索功能+前端React
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 数据狗 datadog 云监控 www.datadoghq.com # Modern monitoring & analytics
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
go get github.com/DataDog/zstd # 实时数据压缩方法(强力推荐) DataDog: Facebook/Zstd: Fast-Stream-API
go get github.com/open-falcon/falcon-plus # 一个企业级的监控系统服务&前端 *5.5k
go get github.com/cjbassi/gotop # 监控系统命令行工具gotop *6.6k
go get github.com/armon/go-metrics # 性能和运行时指标:导出到外部指标系统 *1k
go get github.com/dreadl0ck/netcap # 网络流量监控与分析工具 *1k https://netcap.io
go get github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify # 文件系统监控 # go get golang.org/x/sys/...
go get github.com/rjeczalik/notify # 文件系统事件通知库
# 小米公司的互联网企业级监控系统 book.open-falcon.org
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 区块链 - 比特币 bitcoin.org - 以太坊 ethereum.org - Filecoin 巴比特|基于IPFS星际文件系统 https://ipfs.io
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
go get github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum # 以太坊-区块链-网络协议 *25
# Hyperledger Fabric 一个开源的企业级许可分布式账本技术平台 hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 物联网IoT、物理计算Drones、机器人Robotics、游戏服务器等
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# github.com/LiteOS/LiteOS # 华为LiteOS是华为面向物联网领域开发的一个基于实时内核的轻量级操作系统
go get -d -u gobot.io/x/gobot/... # 物联网IoT消息服务开源框架 *6.7k | github.com/hybridgroup/gobot
go get -d -u github.com/emqx/emqx # 物联网IoT分布式消息服务平台 *6.6k | www.emqtt.com
go get -u -v github.com/aceld/zinx # 游戏服务器TCP *2.7k | 轻量级TCP并发服务器框架|开源**GVP最有价值开源项目
go get -u -v github.com/davyxu/cellnet # 游戏服务器RPC *3.3k | ARM<设备间网络通讯>|证券软件<内部RPC>组件化|高扩展|高性能网关
go get -u -v github.com/liangdas/mqant # 游戏服务器RPC *2.1k | 高性能的分布式微服务框架
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/EasyDarwin/EasyDarwin.git %GOPATH%/src/github.com/EasyDarwin/EasyDarwin # RTSP流媒体服务
go get github.com/iikira/BaiduPCS-Go # 百度网盘命令行客户端
go get github.com/inconshreveable/go-update # 自动更新应用程序
go get -d https://github.com/restic/restic # 数据备份工具 | restic.readthedocs.io
cd %GOPATH%/src/github.com/restic/restic && go run -mod=vendor build.go --goos windows --goarch amd64
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 部署-维护
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
go get github.com/containous/yaegi/cmd/yaegi # 一个优雅的 Go 解释器
go get github.com/martinlindhe/gohash/... # 编码解码> coder --help ; 推荐> hasher --help [-A加密算法][-E编码解码]
> echo2 123456|hasher md5 -n --no-colors # echo2解决各系统的换行问题(个人编译,用于替换echo)
> echo2 hello |coder -e base64+hex > echo2 614756736247383d|coder -d hex+base64 > cat file.b64|coder -d base64
> echo2 123456|hasher md5 [-e base64] [-n --no-colors] > hasher -i file.txt sha1 --bsd #加密文件&输出BSD格式化结果
$ wget https://github.com/smallstep/cli/releases/download/v0.11.0/step-cli_0.11.0_amd64.deb
$ wget https://github.com/smallstep/certificates/releases/download/v0.11.0/step-certificates_0.11.0_amd64.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i step-cli_0.11.0_amd64 # 自动化证书管理cli: X.509,TLS;OAuth OIDC|OTP;JSONWebEncrypt;JWT...
$ sudo dpkg -i step-certificates_0.11.0_amd64.deb && step version && step-ca version
$ step ca init #1.初始化ca
$ step-ca $(step path)/config/ca.json #2.设置ca密码
$ cat > srv.go #3.开发server
$ step ca certificate localhost srv.crt srv.key #4.从StepCA获取服务器标识>step certificate inspect --bundle srv.crt
$ go run srv.go & #5.运行server
$ step ca root root.crt #6.从StepCA获取根证书
$ curl --cacert root.crt https://localhost:8443/hi #7.验证CA,使用HTTP.TLS向服务器发出经过身份验证的加密curl请求
$ step certificate inspect https://www.baidu.com # 查看网站证书Certificate
go get github.com/smallstep/autocert # 自动化证书管理 for Docker kubernetes ^1.9
go get github.com/FiloSottile/mkcert # 证书管理工具 *18k > mkcert > https://localhost
go get github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/cmd/... # 证书工具 *4k > play.etcd.io/install#TLS
go get github.com/shazow/ssh-chat # 自定义 SSH server 用于替代 shell *3.6k
go get github.com/elves/elvish # <shell for unix>可编程：数组、字典、传递对象的增强型管道、闭包、模块机制、类型检查
go get github.com/mattn/sudo # sudo for windows > sudo cmd /c dir ; sudo notepad c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts
go get github.com/vbauerster/mpb/... # 在终端为 Go 命令行应用程序显示进度条
go get github.com/rivo/tview # 在终端使用丰富的交互式小部件 *4.5k
go get github.com/variadico/noti # 进程监控并触发通知 Go 命令行应用程序
go get github.com/google/gops # 用于列出并诊断Go应用程序进程
go get github.com/google/gousb # 用于访问USB设备的低级别接口
go get github.com/skratchdot/open-golang # 用默认应用程序打开指定网址、文件、目录
go get github.com/google/mtail # 用于从应用程序日志中提取白盒监视数据，以便收集到时间序列数据库中
go get github.com/google/godepq # 用于查询程序依赖 > godepq -from github.com/google/pprof
go get github.com/google/ko/cmd/ko # 用于构建和部署应用程序到Kubernetes的工具
go get github.com/go-task/task # 一个任务运行/构建工具，旨在比 GNU Make 更简单易用 *2k
go get github.com/google/git-appraise/git-appraise # 用于Git版本管理的分布式代码审核
go get github.com/google/easypki/cmd/easypki # CA证书申请工具 | API: go get gopkg.in/google/easypki.v1
go get go.universe.tf/tcpproxy/cmd/tlsrouter # TLS代理根据握手的SNI（服务器名称指示）将连接路由到后端。它不携带加密密钥，无法解码其代理的流量
go get github.com/prometheus/prometheus/cmd/... # 服务监控系统和时间序列数据库 *23k | prometheus.io/community
go get github.com/grafana/grafana # 漂亮的监测系统|指标分析|InfluxDB时序DB|Prometheus等(强力推荐) *30k
go get github.com/rsc/goversion # 扫描目录中Go可执行文件的版本信息 > goversion /usr/bin
go get github.com/yinqiwen/gscan # 扫描可用HTTPsIP、修复Hosts、可用GoogleIP; 可用于代理工具GSnova,GoAgent
go get github.com/BurntSushi/wingo/wingo-cmd # 一个功能齐全的窗口管理器 > wingo-cmd
go get -d github.com/gogs/gogs # 一款极易搭建的自助Git服务 *30k 源代码版本管理 git version manage
go get -d github.com/github/hub # 轻松使用Github的命令行工具 *17k
go get gitea.com/lunny/gps # 地图坐标系转换
# WGS84坐标系：即地球坐标系，国际上通用的坐标系。设备一般包含GPS芯片或者北斗芯片获取的经纬度为WGS84地理坐标系,
# 谷歌地图采用的是WGS84地理坐标系（**范围除外）;
# GCJ02坐标系：即火星坐标系，是由**国家测绘局制订的地理信息系统的坐标系统。由WGS84坐标系经加密后的坐标系。
# 谷歌**地图和搜搜**地图采用的是GCJ02地理坐标系; BD09坐标系：即百度坐标系，GCJ02坐标系经加密后的坐标系;
# 搜狗坐标系、图吧坐标系等，估计也是在GCJ02基础上加密而成的。go get -u github.com/google/go-cloud # 云计算
go get -u cloud.google.com/go/storage # 在 Cloud Storage 中存储和归档数据
go get -u cloud.google.com/go/bigquery # 使用 Google BigQuery 执行数据分析
go get -u cloud.google.com/go/pubsub # 使用 Pub/Sub 设置完全托管的事件驱动型消息传递系统
go get -u cloud.google.com/go/translate # 使用 Translation API 翻译不同语言的文本
go get -u cloud.google.com/go/vision/apiv1 # 使用 Vision API 分析图片- https://api.aliyun.com
- https://developer.aliyun.com/sdk 云服务器 ECS、对象存储 OSS、阿里云关系型数据库、云数据库MongoDB版、CDN、VPC、 视频点播、音视频通信、媒体转码、负载均衡、云监控、容器服务、邮件推送、弹性伸缩、移动推送、日志服务、交易与账单管理
# 阿里云 SDK
go get -u github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go # cloud sdk+samples
go get -u github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/sdk # cloud sdk
# 存储服务
go get github.com/aliyun/aliyun-oss-go-sdk
# 日志服务
go get github.com/aliyun/aliyun-log-go-sdk
# 函数计算
go get github.com/aliyun/fc-go-sdk
# 消息服务
go get github.com/aliyun/aliyun-mns-go-sdk
# 表格存储tablestore
go get github.com/aliyun/aliyun-tablestore-go-sdk
# 消息队列 MQ
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/ons
# 消息队列 Kafka
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/alikafka
# API 网关
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/cloudapi
# 表格存储ots
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/ots
# 链路追踪
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/xtrace
# Web应用防火墙
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/waf_openapi
# 专有网络VPC
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/vpc
# 视频点播
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/vod
# 视频直播
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/live
# 媒体处理
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/mts
# 音视频通信
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/rtc
# 资源编排
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/ros
# 智能媒体管理
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/imm
# 商标服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/trademark
# 云通信网络加速
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/snsuapi
# 智能接入网关
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/smartag
# sls服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/sls
# 负载均衡
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/slb
# 敏感数据保护
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/sddp
# 实时计算（流计算）
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/cusanalytic_sc_online
# 云安全中心（态势感知）
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/sas
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/sas-api
# 风险识别
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/saf
# Serverless 应用引擎
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/sae
# 访问控制
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/ram
# 云解析 PrivateZone
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/pvtz
# 云数据库 POLARDB
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/polardb
# 云数据库 MongoDB 版
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/dds
# 云数据库 Redis 版
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/r_kvstore
# HybridDB for MySQL
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/petadata
# 分析型数据库PostgreSQL版
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/gpdb
# 分布式关系型数据库服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/drds
# 大数据E-MapReduce
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/emr
# 数据管理
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/dms-enterprise
# 数据库备份
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/dbs
# 开放搜索
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/opensearch
# 图像识别
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/imagesearch
# Data Lake Analytics
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/openanalytics
# 数据库审计
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/yundun_dbaudit
# 数据库和应用迁移
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/tesladam
# 操作审计
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/actiontrail
# 归档存储
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/foas
# 文件存储NAS
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/nas
# 密钥管理服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/kms
# 智能视觉
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/ivision
# 语音服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/dyvmsapi
# 人脸识别
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/linkface
# 物联网平台
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/iot
# 加密服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/hsm
# 函数工作流
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/fnf
# 弹性伸缩
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/ess
# 边缘节点服务 ENS
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/ens
# 弹性Web托管
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/elasticsearch
# 弹性高性能计算 E-HPC
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/ehpc
# 企业级分布式应用服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/edas
# 云服务器 ECS
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/ecs
# 弹性容器实例 ECI
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/eci
# 短信服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/dysmsapi
# 号码认证服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/dypnsapi
# 号码隐私保护
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/dyplsapi
# 数据传输
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/dts
# 域名
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/domain
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/domain-intl
# SSL证书（CA证书服务、数据安全）
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/cas
# 云解析DNS
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/alidns
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/httpdns
# 安全加速 SCDN
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/scdn
# 全站加速
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/dcdn
# CDN
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/cdn
# 企业工商注册服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/companyreg
# 云监控
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/cms
# 实人认证
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/cloudauth
# 凭证管理
go get github.com/aliyun/credentials-go
# 区块链服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/baas
# 应用实时监控服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/arms
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/arms4finance
# 应用高可用服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/ahas_openapi
# 容器镜像服务
go get github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/tree/master/services/crgo get -u github.com/tencentcloud/tencentcloud-sdk-go| 包名 | 产品中文名 |
|---|---|
| aai | 智能语音服务 |
| ame | 正版曲库直通车 |
| as | 弹性伸缩 |
| asr | 语音识别 |
| batch | 批量计算 |
| billing | 计费相关 |
| bizlive | 商业直播 |
| bm | 黑石物理服务器 |
| bmeip | 黑石弹性公网IP |
| bmlb | 黑石负载均衡 |
| bmvpc | 黑石私有网络 |
| bri | 业务风险情报 |
| cam | 访问管理 |
| captcha | 验证码 |
| cat | 云拨测 |
| cbs | 云硬盘 |
| cdb | 云数据库 MySQL |
| cdn | 内容分发网络 |
| cds | 数盾 |
| cfs | 文件存储 |
| chdfs | 云 HDFS |
| cim | 已废弃 |
| cis | 容器实例服务 |
| ckafka | 消息队列 Ckafka |
| clb | 负载均衡 |
| cloudaudit | 云审计 |
| cloudhsm | 数据加密服务 |
| cme | 腾讯云剪 |
| cmq | 消息队列 CMQ |
| cms | 内容安全 |
| cpdp | 企业收付平台 |
| cr | 金融联络机器人 |
| cvm | 云服务器 |
| cws | 漏洞扫描服务 |
| dayu | 大禹网络安全 |
| dbbrain | 数据库智能管家 |
| dc | 专线接入 |
| dcdb | 分布式数据库 TDSQL |
| domain | 域名注册 |
| drm | 数字版权管理 |
| ds | 电子合同服务 |
| dts | 数据传输服务 DTS |
| ecc | 英语作文批改 |
| ecdn | 全站加速网络 |
| ecm | 边缘计算模块 |
| emr | 弹性 MapReduce |
| es | Elasticsearch服务 |
| facefusion | 人脸融合 |
| faceid | 人脸核身（云智慧眼） |
| fmu | 人脸试妆 |
| ft | 人像变换 |
| gaap | 全球应用加速 |
| gme | 游戏多媒体引擎 |
| gs | 云游戏解决方案 |
| gse | 游戏服务器引擎 |
| habo | 样本智能分析平台 |
| hcm | 数学作业批改 |
| iai | 人脸识别 |
| ic | 物联卡 |
| iot | 加速物联网套件 |
| iotcloud | 物联网通信 |
| iotexplorer | 物联网开发平台 |
| iottid | 物联网设备身份认证TID |
| iotvideo | 物联网智能视频服务 |
| kms | 密钥管理系统 |
| live | 直播 |
| mariadb | 云数据库 MariaDB |
| memcached | 云数据库 Memcached |
| mongodb | 云数据库 MongoDB |
| monitor | 云监控 |
| mps | 视频处理 |
| ms | 应用安全 |
| msp | 迁移服务平台 |
| mvj | 营销价值判断 |
| nlp | 腾讯知文自然语言处理 |
| npp | 号码保护 |
| ocr | 文字识别 |
| organization | 企业组织 |
| partners | 渠道合作伙伴 |
| postgres | 云数据库 PostgreSQL |
| redis | 云数据库 Redis |
| scf | 云函数 |
| smpn | 营销号码安全 |
| sms | 短信 |
| soe | 智聆口语评测 |
| solar | 智汇零售 |
| sqlserver | 云数据库 SQL Server |
| ssl | 证书 |
| ssm | 凭据管理服务 |
| sts | 安全凭证服务 |
| tag | 标签 |
| tav | 文件检测 |
| tbaas | TBaaS |
| tbm | 腾讯优评 |
| tbp | 腾讯智能对话平台 |
| tcaplusdb | 游戏数据库 TcaplusDB |
| tcb | 云开发 |
| tci | 腾讯智学课堂分析 |
| tcr | 容器镜像服务 |
| tia | 智能钛机器学习 |
| ticm | 智能鉴黄 |
| tics | 威胁情报云查 |
| tiems | 智能钛机器学习 |
| tiia | 图像分析 |
| tione | 智能钛机器学习平台 |
| tiw | 互动白板 |
| tke | 容器服务 |
| tkgdq | 腾讯知识图谱数据查询 |
| tmt | 机器翻译 |
| trtc | 实时音视频 |
| tsf | 腾讯分布式服务框架 |
| tts | 语音合成 |
| vod | 点播 |
| vpc | 私有网络 |
| wss | SSL证书管理服务 |
| youmall | 腾讯优Mall |
| yunjing | 主机安全 |
| yunsou | 云搜 |
go get -u gopkg.in/chanxuehong/wechat.v2/... # 微信公众平台、企业号、微信支付 github.com/chanxuehong/wechat - https://github.com/sidbusy/weixinmp
- https://github.com/arstd/weixin
- https://github.com/wizjin/weixin
- https://github.com/hoperong/RabbitGo
- https://github.com/Cheney-Su/go_weixin
- https://github.com/i11cn/go_weixin
- 微信支付SDK https://github.com/imzjy/wxpay
- 微信支付／支付宝支付 https://github.com/philchia/gopay
- 微信公众平台/微信企业号/微信商户平台/微信支付 https://github.com/philsong/wechat2
go get -u github.com/qiniu/api.v7 # 对象存储- 又拍云 www.upyun.com
- 野狗 www.wilddog.com
实时通信引擎（Sync），它帮助企业快速实现三大功能：基础实时通信、实时数据分发和实时数据持久化。
- 聚合数据 www.juhe.cn
Go team:
- https://github.com/google/go-github
- https://github.com/golang/protobuf
- https://github.com/golang/oauth2
- https://github.com/golang/glog
- https://github.com/golang/geo
- https://github.com/golang/groupcache
- https://github.com/golang/snappy
- https://github.com/golang/freetype
- https://github.com/google/gxui/...
Google team:
- https://github.com/googleapis/googleapis
- https://github.com/google/btree
- https://github.com/google/go-cloud
- https://github.com/google/gops
- https://github.com/google/gvisor
- https://github.com/google/google-api-go-client
- https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go
- https://tip.golang.org/pkg/syscall/js
- https://github.com/golang/go/tree/master/misc/wasm
- https://github.com/chai2010/awesome-wasm-zh
- https://github.com/mbasso/awesome-wasm
- https://gopry.rice.sh/
- https://github.com/pion/webrtc | Pion WebRTC v2 | https://github.com/pion/webrtc/tree/v2.1.4
- https://github.com/pion/turn | An extendable TURN server
- https://github.com/pion/example-webrtc-applications | Examples
- https://w3c.github.io/webrtc-pc | Pion WebRTC API for JavaScript
- https://github.com/pion/webrtc/blob/master/examples/README.md#webassembly | WebAssembly
GO111MODULE=on go get github.com/pion/webrtc/v2
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/pion/webrtc/examples
go run examples.go --address=":8236" # WebRTC example
GOOS=js GOARCH=wasm go build -o demo.wasm # WebAssembly demo- Electron
- Install astilectron-bundler & Play Demos
# Download : go-astilectron powered by electron
> cd %GOPATH%/bin/astibundler/cache/
- https://github.com/asticode/astilectron/releases > astilectron-0.36.0.zip
- https://github.com/electron/electron/releases > electron-windows-amd64-7.1.10.zip
> xcopy /isy %GOPATH%/bin/astibundler/cache/* %TEMP%/astibundler/cache
$ cp -r %GOPATH%/bin/astibundler/cache/* %TEMP%/astibundler/cache
# Install : astilectron-bundler
go get -u github.com/asticode/go-astilectron-bundler/...
go install github.com/asticode/go-astilectron-bundler/astilectron-bundler
# Demo : video tool
go get github.com/asticode/go-astivid/...
cd %GOPATH%/src/github.com/asticode/go-astivid
rm -f bind*.go # delete file before bundle
astilectron-bundler -v # help: astilectron-bundler -h- QT
- 百度网盘客户端Qt5+websocket+p2p+eventbus - https://github.com/peterq/pan-light
# Install
go get -u -v github.com/therecipe/qt/cmd/... \
&& for /f %v in ('go env GOPATH') do %v\bin\qtsetup test && %v\bin\qtsetup
# Demo : github.com/therecipe/qt/wiki/Getting-Started
qtdeploy build windows . # After entering the working directory# Install Windows10/Linux(WSL) & golang & gtk (libgtk-3.22.30, libcairo-1.15.10, libglib-2.56.4) & webkit
sudo apt-get update # 更新软件源-镜像下载 (推荐-阿里源ubuntu) mirrors.aliyun.com
sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-dev libcairo2-dev libglib2.0-dev --fix-missing
sudo apt-get install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-dev javascriptcoregtk-3.0 --fix-missing
go get -u -v github.com/sourcegraph/go-webkit2/cmd/...
webkit-eval-js https://example.com scriptfile.js
echo document.title | webkit-eval-js https://google.com /dev/stdin
go get github.com/sourcegraph/webloop/...
static-reverse-proxy -target=http://example.com -http=:13000 # Install
go get -u -v github.com/raintean/blink-demo
# Demo : 按条件编译 cgo enabled, build tags for web debug tool
go build -tags bdebug -ldflags="-s -w -H windowsgui" -o dist/blink-demo.exe blink-demo/cmd/main # Download sciter-sdk: https://sciter.com/sdk/sciter-sdk.zip
# Windows copy: \sciter-sdk\bin.win\x64\sciter.dll to c:\windows\system32
# Setup GCC envrionmnet for CGO(mingw64-gcc): http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64
# Install
go get -x github.com/sciter-sdk/go-sciter
# Demo : 按条件编译 cgo enabled: CGO_ENABLED=1
go build -ldflags="-s -w -H windowsgui" -o dist/examples-simple.exe github.com/sciter-sdk/go-sciter/examples/simple- zserge/lorca *HTML5 +Small appSize +Requires installed Chrome/Chromium>=70
- zserge/webview *WebKit(Gtk/Cocoa) and Edge(Windows)
- govcl LCL *GUI、wiki - LCL components
- lxn/walk *Windows-GUI、windows-api-wrapper、ui/winmanifest
- google-andlabs-GUI
- google-flutter
- fyne.io material-GUI
- portable apps with Go and Next.js
- webassembly app
- 其它功能如下
| 功能 | 开源库 |
|---|---|
| 播放声音 | https://github.com/faiface/beep |
| 生成图标文件 | https://github.com/akavel/rsrc |
| 创建系统托盘 | https://github.com/getlantern/systray |
| 打开浏览器链接 | https://github.com/skratchdot/open-golang |
| 创建Windows快捷方式 | https://github.com/go-ole/go-ole |
④ 中文标准库文档
- 高性能
File hello.go:
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("Hello Go")
}$ go run hello.go
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
+ |
addition |
- |
subtraction |
* |
multiplication |
/ |
quotient |
% |
remainder |
& |
bitwise and |
| |
bitwise or |
^ |
bitwise xor |
&^ |
bit clear (and not) |
<< |
left shift |
>> |
right shift |
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
== |
equal |
!= |
not equal |
< |
less than |
<= |
less than or equal |
> |
greater than |
>= |
greater than or equal |
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
&& |
logical and |
|| |
logical or |
! |
logical not |
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
& |
address of / create pointer |
* |
dereference pointer |
<- |
send / receive operator (see 'Channels' below) |
Type goes after identifier!
var foo int // declaration without initialization
var foo int = 42 // declaration with initialization
var foo, bar int = 42, 1302 // declare and init multiple vars at once
var foo = 42 // type omitted, will be inferred
foo := 42 // shorthand, only in func bodies, omit var keyword, type is always implicit
const constant = "This is a constant"
// iota can be used for incrementing numbers, starting from 0
const (
_ = iota
a
b
c = 1 << iota
d
)
fmt.Println(a, b) // 1 2 (0 is skipped)
fmt.Println(c, d) // 8 16 (2^3, 2^4)// a simple function
func functionName() {}
// function with parameters (again, types go after identifiers)
func functionName(param1 string, param2 int) {}
// multiple parameters of the same type
func functionName(param1, param2 int) {}
// return type declaration
func functionName() int {
return 42
}
// Can return multiple values at once
func returnMulti() (int, string) {
return 42, "foobar"
}
var x, str = returnMulti()
// Return multiple named results simply by return
func returnMulti2() (n int, s string) {
n = 42
s = "foobar"
// n and s will be returned
return
}
var x, str = returnMulti2()func main() {
// assign a function to a name
add := func(a, b int) int {
return a + b
}
// use the name to call the function
fmt.Println(add(3, 4))
}
// Closures, lexically scoped: Functions can access values that were
// in scope when defining the function
func scope() func() int{
outer_var := 2
foo := func() int { return outer_var}
return foo
}
func another_scope() func() int{
// won't compile because outer_var and foo not defined in this scope
outer_var = 444
return foo
}
// Closures
func outer() (func() int, int) {
outer_var := 2
inner := func() int {
outer_var += 99 // outer_var from outer scope is mutated.
return outer_var
}
inner()
return inner, outer_var // return inner func and mutated outer_var 101
}func main() {
fmt.Println(adder(1, 2, 3)) // 6
fmt.Println(adder(9, 9)) // 18
nums := []int{10, 20, 30}
fmt.Println(adder(nums...)) // 60
}
// By using ... before the type name of the last parameter you can indicate that it takes zero or more of those parameters.
// The function is invoked like any other function except we can pass as many arguments as we want.
func adder(args ...int) int {
total := 0
for _, v := range args { // Iterates over the arguments whatever the number.
total += v
}
return total
}bool
string
int int8 int16 int32 int64
uint uint8 uint16 uint32 uint64 uintptr
byte // alias for uint8
rune // alias for int32 ~= a character (Unicode code point) - very Viking
float32 float64
complex64 complex128
//var v1 bool
//var v2 byte // uint8 [true 或 false]
//var v3 rune // int32 [unicode字符编码: 1, 2, 3, 4 个字节] (中文一般占3个字节)
//var v4 int // 32位
//var v40 uint // 64位
//var v5 int8 // -128~127
//var v50 uint8 // 0 ~ 255
//var v6 int16
//var v60 uint16
//var v7 int32
//var v70 uint32
//var v8 int64
//var v80 uint64
//var v9 uintptr // 存储指针的 uint32 或 uint64
//var f1 float32 // 小数位数精确到 7 位
//var f2 float64 // 小数位数精确到 15 位
//var c1 complex64
//var c2 complex128
//var s1 string // readonly byte slice
//var s2 stringS
var i int = 42
var f float64 = float64(i)
var u uint = uint(f)
// alternative syntax
i := 42
f := float64(i)
u := uint(f)- Package declaration at top of every source file
- Executables are in package
main - Convention: package name == last name of import path (import path
math/rand=> packagerand) - Upper case identifier: exported (visible from other packages)
- Lower case identifier: private (not visible from other packages)
func main() {
// Basic one
if x > 10 {
return x
} else if x == 10 {
return 10
} else {
return -x
}
// You can put one statement before the condition
if a := b + c; a < 42 {
return a
} else {
return a - 42
}
// Type assertion inside if
var val interface{}
val = "foo"
if str, ok := val.(string); ok {
fmt.Println(str)
}
} // There's only `for`, no `while`, no `until`
for i := 1; i < 10; i++ {
}
for ; i < 10; { // while - loop
}
for i < 10 { // you can omit semicolons if there is only a condition
}
for { // you can omit the condition ~ while (true)
}
// use break/continue on current loop
// use break/continue with label on outer loop
here:
for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
for j := i + 1; j < 3; j++ {
if i == 0 {
continue here
}
fmt.Println(j)
if j == 2 {
break
}
}
}
there:
for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
for j := i + 1; j < 3; j++ {
if j == 1 {
continue
}
fmt.Println(j)
if j == 2 {
break there
}
}
} // switch statement
switch operatingSystem {
case "darwin":
fmt.Println("Mac OS Hipster")
// cases break automatically, no fallthrough by default
case "linux":
fmt.Println("Linux Geek")
default:
// Windows, BSD, ...
fmt.Println("Other")
}
// as with for and if, you can have an assignment statement before the switch value
switch os := runtime.GOOS; os {
case "darwin": ...
}
// you can also make comparisons in switch cases
number := 42
switch {
case number < 42:
fmt.Println("Smaller")
case number == 42:
fmt.Println("Equal")
case number > 42:
fmt.Println("Greater")
}
// cases can be presented in comma-separated lists
var char byte = '?'
switch char {
case ' ', '?', '&', '=', '#', '+', '%':
fmt.Println("Should escape")
}var a [10]int // declare an int array with length 10. Array length is part of the type!
a[3] = 42 // set elements
i := a[3] // read elements
// declare and initialize
var a = [2]int{1, 2}
a := [2]int{1, 2} //shorthand
a := [...]int{1, 2} // elipsis -> Compiler figures out array lengthvar a []int // declare a slice - similar to an array, but length is unspecified
var a = []int {1, 2, 3, 4} // declare and initialize a slice (backed by the array given implicitly)
a := []int{1, 2, 3, 4} // shorthand
chars := []string{0:"a", 2:"c", 1: "b"} // ["a", "b", "c"]
var b = a[lo:hi] // creates a slice (view of the array) from index lo to hi-1
var b = a[1:4] // slice from index 1 to 3
var b = a[:3] // missing low index implies 0
var b = a[3:] // missing high index implies len(a)
a = append(a,17,3) // append items to slice a
c := append(a,b...) // concatenate slices a and b
// create a slice with make
a = make([]byte, 5, 5) // first arg length, second capacity
a = make([]byte, 5) // capacity is optional
// create a slice from an array
x := [3]string{"Лайка", "Белка", "Стрелка"}
s := x[:] // a slice referencing the storage of xlen(a) gives you the length of an array/a slice. It's a built-in function, not a attribute/method on the array.
// loop over an array/a slice
for i, e := range a {
// i is the index, e the element
}
// if you only need e:
for _, e := range a {
// e is the element
}
// ...and if you only need the index
for i := range a {
}
// In Go pre-1.4, you'll get a compiler error if you're not using i and e.
// Go 1.4 introduced a variable-free form, so that you can do this
for range time.Tick(time.Second) {
// do it once a sec
}var m map[string]int
m = make(map[string]int)
m["key"] = 42
fmt.Println(m["key"])
delete(m, "key")
elem, ok := m["key"] // test if key "key" is present and retrieve it, if so
// map literal
var m = map[string]Vertex{
"Bell Labs": {40.68433, -74.39967},
"Google": {37.42202, -122.08408},
}
// iterate over map content
for key, value := range m {
}There are no classes, only structs. Structs can have methods.
// A struct is a type. It's also a collection of fields
// Declaration
type Vertex struct {
X, Y int
}
// Creating
var v = Vertex{1, 2}
var v = Vertex{X: 1, Y: 2} // Creates a struct by defining values with keys
var v = []Vertex{{1,2},{5,2},{5,5}} // Initialize a slice of structs
// Accessing members
v.X = 4
// You can declare methods on structs. The struct you want to declare the
// method on (the receiving type) comes between the the func keyword and
// the method name. The struct is copied on each method call(!)
func (v Vertex) Abs() float64 {
return math.Sqrt(v.X*v.X + v.Y*v.Y)
}
// Call method
v.Abs()
// For mutating methods, you need to use a pointer (see below) to the Struct
// as the type. With this, the struct value is not copied for the method call.
func (v *Vertex) add(n float64) {
v.X += n
v.Y += n
}Anonymous structs:
Cheaper and safer than using map[string]interface{}.
point := struct {
X, Y int
}{1, 2}p := Vertex{1, 2} // p is a Vertex
q := &p // q is a pointer to a Vertex
r := &Vertex{1, 2} // r is also a pointer to a Vertex
// The type of a pointer to a Vertex is *Vertex
var s *Vertex = new(Vertex) // new creates a pointer to a new struct instance
// array int pointer
a := [4]int{0, 1, 2, 3}
a0 := unsafe.Pointer(&a[0])
a3 := (*int)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(a0) + 3*unsafe.Sizeof(a[0]))) // 指针 偏移 Offset
*(a3) = 4
fmt.Println(" 指针：array int: a =", a) // [0 1 2 4]
// struct Person
type Person struct {
name string
age int
gender byte
}
who := Person{"John Mono", 30, 0}
// 指针 类似 C 语言的 void* 与其他语言的指针,相互转换的桥梁
p := unsafe.Pointer(&who) // a pointer
name := (*string)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(p) + unsafe.Offsetof(who.name))) // 指针偏移 member: name
age := (*int)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(p) + unsafe.Offsetof(who.age))) // 指针偏移 member: age
gender := (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(p) + unsafe.Offsetof(who.gender))) // 指针偏移 member: gender
*name = "Alice"
*age = 28
*gender = 1
fmt.Printf(" 指针：struct Person: a = %v\n", who) // {Alice 28 1}// interface declaration
type Awesomizer interface {
Awesomize() string
}
// types do *not* declare to implement interfaces
type Foo struct {}
// instead, types implicitly satisfy an interface if they implement all required methods
func (foo Foo) Awesomize() string {
return "Awesome!"
}There is no subclassing in Go. Instead, there is interface and struct embedding.
// ReadWriter implementations must satisfy both Reader and Writer
type ReadWriter interface {
Reader
Writer
}
// Server exposes all the methods that Logger has
type Server struct {
Host string
Port int
*log.Logger
}
// initialize the embedded type the usual way
server := &Server{"localhost", 80, log.New(...)}
// methods implemented on the embedded struct are passed through
server.Log(...) // calls server.Logger.Log(...)
// the field name of the embedded type is its type name (in this case Logger)
var logger *log.Logger = server.LoggerThere is no exception handling. Functions that might produce an error just declare an additional return value of type Error. This is the Error interface:
type error interface {
Error() string
}A function that might return an error:
func doStuff() (int, error) {
}
func main() {
result, err := doStuff()
if err != nil {
// handle error
} else {
// all is good, use result
}
}Goroutines are lightweight threads (managed by Go, not OS threads). go f(a, b) starts a new goroutine which runs f (given f is a function).
// just a function (which can be later started as a goroutine)
func doStuff(s string) {
}
func main() {
// using a named function in a goroutine
go doStuff("foobar")
// using an anonymous inner function in a goroutine
go func (x int) {
// function body goes here
}(42)
}ch := make(chan int) // create a channel of type int
ch <- 42 // Send a value to the channel ch.
v := <-ch // Receive a value from ch
// Non-buffered channels block. Read blocks when no value is available, write blocks until there is a read.
// Create a buffered channel. Writing to a buffered channels does not block if less than <buffer size> unread values have been written.
ch := make(chan int, 100)
close(ch) // closes the channel (only sender should close)
// read from channel and test if it has been closed
v, ok := <-ch
// if ok is false, channel has been closed
// Read from channel until it is closed
for i := range ch {
fmt.Println(i)
}
// select blocks on multiple channel operations, if one unblocks, the corresponding case is executed
func doStuff(channelOut, channelIn chan int) {
select {
case channelOut <- 42:
fmt.Println("We could write to channelOut!")
case x := <- channelIn:
fmt.Println("We could read from channelIn")
case <-time.After(time.Second * 1):
fmt.Println("timeout")
}
}-
A send to a nil channel blocks forever
var c chan string c <- "Hello, World!" // fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!
-
A receive from a nil channel blocks forever
var c chan string fmt.Println(<-c) // fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!
-
A send to a closed channel panics
var c = make(chan string, 1) c <- "Hello, World!" close(c) c <- "Hello, Panic!" // panic: send on closed channel
-
A receive from a closed channel returns the zero value immediately
var c = make(chan int, 2) c <- 1 c <- 2 close(c) for i := 0; i < 3; i++ { fmt.Printf("%d ", <-c) } // 1 2 0
fmt.Println("Hello, 你好, नमस्ते, Привет, ᎣᏏᏲ") // basic print, plus newline
p := struct { X, Y int }{ 17, 2 }
fmt.Println( "My point:", p, "x coord=", p.X ) // print structs, ints, etc
s := fmt.Sprintln( "My point:", p, "x coord=", p.X ) // print to string variable
// Formatter接口-格式组成：% `特殊标记#+- ` `字符宽度uint` . `计算精度uint` `格式符号`
fmt.Printf("%c %U %U %q %+q", 65, 'a', '中', 65, "**") // A U+0061 U+4E2D 'A' "\u4e2d\u56fd"
fmt.Printf("%d hex:%x bin:%b fp:%f sci:%e",17,17,17,17.0,17.0) // c-ish format: f,e,E,g,G 四舍五入
s1 := fmt.Sprintf( "%g - %5.5G", 17.02500, 17.02502 ) // 17.025 - 17.025 紧凑%g去除尾零;默认以最小位计算精度
s2 := fmt.Sprintf( "%d - %f", 17, 17.000001 ) // 17 - 17.000001 默认以6位小数位计算精度
// 输出可打印字符
fmt.Printf("03.%8c\n", 65) // %c=Unicode字符 // 03. A
fmt.Printf("04.%8x\n", 65) // %x=16进制 // 04. 41
fmt.Printf("05.%#8o\n", 65) // %x=8进制 // 05. 0101
fmt.Printf("06.%#8x\n", 65) // %x=16进制 补0双字节 // 06. 0x41
fmt.Printf("07.%08U\n", 'A') // %U=Unicode // 07. U+0041
fmt.Printf("08.%08x\n", 'A') // %x=Hex 补0对齐字符 // 08.00000041
fmt.Printf("09.%#U\n", '国') // Unicode编码 // 09.U+56FD '国'
fmt.Printf("10.% 0x\n", "祖国") // 16进制 补空格 // 10.e7 a5 96 e5 9b bd
fmt.Printf("11.%+q\n", "祖国") // Ascii编码 // 11."\u7956\u56fd"
hellomsg := `
"Hello" in Chinese is 你好 ('Ni Hao')
"Hello" in Hindi is नमस्ते ('Namaste')
` // multi-line string literal, using back-tick at beginning and end
// type assertion 类型断言(*指针类型)
var p api_models.IPoint = &api_models.Point{X: 1, Y: 2}
var p2 = make([]api_models.Point, 2)
if p0, ok := p.(*api_models.Point); ok {
fmt.Printf(" 类型断言: %p %p\n", &p, p0)
}
// interface{} 接受任意类型的变量, 不同动态类型的变量不可比较, 只能与nil比较
var w io.Writer // zeroValue=nil, 接受实现接口: Write(p []byte) 类型的变量, 下面的动态值决定了接收者类型(*T)的不同
fmt.Printf(" 接口w io.Writer(type)：%T, (value)：%[1]v \n", w)
w = os.Stdout
fmt.Printf(" 接口w os.Stdout(type)：%T, (value)：%[1]v \n", w)
w = new(bytes.Buffer)
fmt.Println(" 接口w new(bytes.Buffer)(type)：", reflect.TypeOf(w), ", (value)：", w) // %T: reflect.TypeOf(w)
fmt.Println(` 格式化p：v +v T #v make(Slice::Point)`)
fmt.Printf(" 格式化p：%v %+v %T %#v [%d]Point\n", p, p, p, p, cap(p2))
fmt.Printf(" 格式化i：%c %8.1f %8.2f %8x\n", 65, 12.5, 12.509, 54349)
// 斐波那契数列
new(Fibonacci).FibonacciToDo(20, 2*time.Second, func(s []int) {
fmt.Printf(" 斐波那契数列: %v", s)
})
// 检查字符串是文字字面值时才是 UTF8 文本
var s1 = SS{"1", "2"}
var s2 = make([]string, 2)
var s3 = [...]string{"1", "2", "3", "4", "5"}
var s4 = s3[1:4:5] // 切片: [low:high:max]
fmt.Println(s1, s2, s3,
s4, // "2", "3", "4"
len(s4), // 4 - 1 len: high-low
cap(s4), // 5 - 1 cap: max-low
//cap(s1) == cap(s2),
utf8.ValidString("ABC") == true,
utf8.ValidString("A\\xfeC") == true,
utf8.ValidString("A\xfeC") == false,
utf8.RuneCountInString("é") == 2, // 两个 rune 的组合
len("é") == 3, len("é") == len("\u0301"))A type switch is like a regular switch statement, but the cases in a type switch specify types (not values), and those values are compared against the type of the value held by the given interface value.
func do(i interface{}) {
switch v := i.(type) {
case int:
fmt.Printf("Twice %v is %v\n", v, v*2)
case string:
fmt.Printf("%q is %v bytes long\n", v, len(v))
default:
fmt.Printf("I don't know about type %T!\n", v)
}
}
func main() {
do(21)
do("hello")
do(true)
}package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
)
// define a type for the response
type Hello struct{}
// let that type implement the ServeHTTP method (defined in interface http.Handler)
func (h Hello) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Fprint(w, "Hello!")
}
func main() {
var h Hello
http.ListenAndServe("localhost:4000", h)
}
// Here's the method signature of http.ServeHTTP:
// type Handler interface {
// ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
// }字符串(string)
// 底层结构 string = []byte 即字节数组，[]byte("你好") 该转换一般不会有内存分配的开销。
type StringHeader struct { // stringHeader is a safe version of StringHeader used
Data uintptr // stringHeader { Data unsafe.Pointer Len int }
Len int
}for range对字符串的迭代模拟实现
func str2bytes(s string) []byte {
p := make([]byte, len(s))
for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
p[i] = s[i]
}
return p
}[]byte(s)转换模拟实现
func str2bytes(s string) []byte {
p := make([]byte, len(s))
for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
p[i] = s[i]
}
return p
}string(bytes)转换模拟实现
func bytes2str(s []byte) (p string) {
data := make([]byte, len(s))
for i, c := range s {
data[i] = c
}
hdr := (*reflect.StringHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&p))
hdr.Data = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&data[0]))
hdr.Len = len(s)
return p
}[]rune(s)转换模拟实现
func str2runes(s string) []rune {
var p []int32
for len(s) > 0 {
r,size: = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s)
p = append(p,int32(r))
s = s[size:]
}
return []rune(p)
}string(runes)转换模拟实现
func runes2string(s []int32) string {
var p []byte
buf := make([]byte, 3)
for _, r := range s {
n := utf8.EncodeRune(buf, r)
p = append(p, buf[:n]...)
}
return string(p)
}切片(slice)
// 底层结构
type SliceHeader struct {
Data uintptr
Len int
Cap int
}添加切片元素
var a []int
a = append(a[:i], append([]int{x}, a[i:]...)...) // 在第i个位置插入x
a = append(a[:i], append([]int{1,2,3}, a[i:]...)...) // 在第i个位置插入切片
a = append(a, 0) // 切片扩展1个空间
copy(a[i+1:], a[i:]) // a[i:]向后移动1个位置
a[i] = x // 设置新添加的元素
a = append(a, x...) // 为x切片扩展足够的空间
copy(a[i+len(x):], a[i:]) // a[i:]向后移动len(x)个位置
copy(a[i:], x) // 复制新添加的切片删除切片元素
a = []int{1, 2, 3}
a = a[N:] // 删除开头N个元素
a = a[:copy(a, a[N:])] // 删除开头N个元素
a = append(a[:0], a[N:]...) // 删除开头N个元素
a = a[:len(a)-N] // 删除尾部N个元素
a = append(a[:i], a[i+N:]...) // 删除中间N个元素
a = a[:i+copy(a[i:], a[i+N:])] // 删除中间N个元素切片内存技巧
func Filter(s []byte, fn func(x byte) bool) []byte {
b := s[:0]
for _, x := range s {
if !fn(x) {
b = append(b, x)
}
}
return b
}
var a []*int{ ... }
a = a[:len(a)-1] // 被删除的最后一个元素依然被引用, 可能导致GC操作被阻碍
a[len(a)-1] = nil // GC回收最后一个元素内存 (保险的方式)
a = a[:len(a)-1] // 从切片删除最后一个元素切片类型强制转换
// +build amd64 arm64
import "sort"
var a = []float64{4, 2, 5, 7, 2, 1, 88, 1}
// 下面通过两种方法将[]float64类型的切片a转换为[]int类型的切片
// 第一种强制转换是先将切片数据的开始地址转换为一个较大的数组的指针，然后对数组指针对应的数组重新做切片操作。
// 中间需要unsafe.Pointer来连接两个不同类型的指针传递。
func SortFloat64FastV1(a []float64) {
// 强制类型转换
var b []int = ((*[1 << 20]int)(unsafe.Pointer(&a[0])))[:len(a):cap(a)]
// 以int方式给float64排序
sort.Ints(b)
}
// 第二种转换操作是分别取到两个不同类型的切片头信息指针，任何类型的切片头部信息底层都是对应reflect.SliceHeader结构，
// 然后通过更新结构体方式来更新切片信息，从而实现a对应的[]float64切片到c对应的[]int类型切片的转换
func SortFloat64FastV2(a []float64) {
// 通过 reflect.SliceHeader 更新切片头部信息实现转换
var c []int
aHdr := (*reflect.SliceHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&a))
cHdr := (*reflect.SliceHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&c))
*cHdr = *aHdr
// 以int方式给float64排序
sort.Ints(c)
}
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