A pure-python interface to the Azure Data-lake Storage Gen 1 system, providing pythonic file-system and file objects, seamless transition between Windows and POSIX remote paths, high-performance up- and down-loader.
This software is under active development and not yet recommended for general use.
Note: This library supports ADLS Gen 1. For Gen 2, please see
azure-storage-file-datalake, documented
here
Using pip:
pip install azure-datalake-store
Manually (bleeding edge):
-
Download the repo from https://github.com/Azure/azure-data-lake-store-python
-
install the requirements (
pip install -r dev_requirements.txt) -
install in develop mode (
python setup.py develop)
Although users can generate and supply their own tokens to the base file-system
class, and there is a password-based function in the lib module for
generating tokens, the most convenient way to supply credentials is via
environment parameters. This latter method is the one used by default in
library. The following variables are required:
-
azure_tenant_id
-
azure_username
-
azure_password
-
azure_store_name
-
azure_url_suffix (optional)
The AzureDLFileSystem object is the main API for library usage of this
package. It provides typical file-system operations on the remote azure
store
token = lib.auth(tenant_id, username, password)
adl = core.AzureDLFileSystem(store_name, token)
# alternatively, adl = core.AzureDLFileSystem()
# uses environment variables
print(adl.ls()) # list files in the root directory
for item in adl.ls(detail=True):
print(item) # same, but with file details as dictionaries
print(adl.walk('')) # list all files at any directory depth
print('Usage:', adl.du('', deep=True, total=True)) # total bytes usage
adl.mkdir('newdir') # create directory
adl.touch('newdir/newfile') # create empty file
adl.put('remotefile', '/home/myuser/localfile') # upload a local file
In addition, the file-system generates file objects that are compatible with
the python file interface, ensuring compatibility with libraries that work on
python files. The recommended way to use this is with a context manager
(otherwise, be sure to call close() on the file object).
with adl.open('newfile', 'wb') as f:
f.write(b'index,a,b\n')
f.tell() # now at position 9
f.flush() # forces data upstream
f.write(b'0,1,True')
with adl.open('newfile', 'rb') as f:
print(f.readlines())
with adl.open('newfile', 'rb') as f:
df = pd.read_csv(f) # read into pandas.
To seamlessly handle remote path representations across all supported platforms, the main API will take in numerous path types: string, Path/PurePath, and AzureDLPath. On Windows in particular, you can pass in paths separated by either forward slashes or backslashes.
import pathlib # only >= Python 3.4
from pathlib2 import pathlib # only <= Python 3.3
from azure.datalake.store.core import AzureDLPath
# possible remote paths to use on API
p1 = '\\foo\\bar'
p2 = '/foo/bar'
p3 = pathlib.PurePath('\\foo\\bar')
p4 = pathlib.PureWindowsPath('\\foo\\bar')
p5 = pathlib.PurePath('/foo/bar')
p6 = AzureDLPath('\\foo\\bar')
p7 = AzureDLPath('/foo/bar')
# p1, p3, and p6 only work on Windows
for p in [p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7]:
with adl.open(p, 'rb') as f:
print(f.readlines())
Classes ADLUploader and ADLDownloader will chunk large files and send
many files to/from azure using multiple threads. A whole directory tree can
be transferred, files matching a specific glob-pattern or any particular file.
# download the whole directory structure using 5 threads, 16MB chunks
ADLDownloader(adl, '', 'my_temp_dir', 5, 2**24)
class azure.datalake.store.core.AzureDLFileSystem(token=None, per_call_timeout_seconds=60, **kwargs)
Access Azure DataLake Store as if it were a file-system
-
Parameters
store_name: str (“”)
Store name to connect to.token: credentials object
When setting up a new connection, this contains the authorization credentials (see lib.auth()).url_suffix: str (None)
Domain to send REST requests to. The end-point URL is constructed using this and the store_name. If None, use default.api_version: str (2018-09-01)
The API version to target with requests. Changing this value will change the behavior of the requests, and can cause unexpected behavior or breaking changes. Changes to this value should be undergone with caution.per_call_timeout_seconds: float(60)
This is the timeout for each requests library call.kwargs: optional key/values
See `lib.auth()`; full list: tenant_id, username, password, client_id, client_secret, resource
Does such a file/directory exist?
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path to queryinvalidate_cache: bool
Whether to invalidate cache -
Returns
True or false depending on whether the path exists.
Return contents of file
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path to query -
Returns
Contents of file
Change access mode of path
Note this is not recursive.
-
Parameters
path: str
Location to changemod: str
Octal representation of access, e.g., “0777” for public read/write. See [docs]([http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.4.1/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/WebHDFS.html#Permission](http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.4.1/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/WebHDFS.html#Permission))
Change owner and/or owning group
Note this is not recursive.
-
Parameters
path: str
Location to changeowner: str
UUID of owning entitygroup: str
UUID of group
Concatenate a list of files into one new file
-
Parameters
outfile: path
The file which will be concatenated to. If it already exists, the extra pieces will be appended.filelist: list of paths
Existing adl files to concatenate, in orderdelete_source: bool (False)
If True, assume that the paths to concatenate exist alone in a directory, and delete that whole directory when done. -
Returns
None
Establish connection object.
Not implemented. Copy file between locations on ADL
Return the most recently created AzureDLFileSystem
Resource summary of path
-
Parameters
path: str
Path to query
Bytes in keys at path
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path to querytotal: bool
Return the sum on listdeep: bool
Recursively enumerate or just use files under current dirinvalidate_cache: bool
Whether to invalidate cache -
Returns
List of dict of name:size pairs or total size.
Does such a file/directory exist?
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path to queryinvalidate_cache: bool
Whether to invalidate cache -
Returns
True or false depending on whether the path exists.
Stream data from file at path to local filename
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
ADL Path to readfilename: str or Path
Local file path to write to -
Returns
None
Gets Access Control List (ACL) entries for the specified file or directory.
-
Parameters
path: str
Location to get the ACL.
Find files (not directories) by glob-matching.
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path to querydetails: bool
Whether to include file detailsinvalidate_cache: bool
Whether to invalidate cache -
Returns
List of files
Return first bytes of file
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path to querysize: int
How many bytes to return -
Returns
First(size) bytes of file
File information for path
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path to queryinvalidate_cache: bool
Whether to invalidate cache or notexpected_error_code: int
Optionally indicates a specific, expected error code, if any. -
Returns
File information
Remove entry from object file-cache
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Remove the path from object file-cache -
Returns
None
List all elements under directory specified with path
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path to querydetail: bool
Detailed info or not.invalidate_cache: bool
Whether to invalidate cache or not -
Returns
List of elements under directory specified with path
List all elements under directory specified with path
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path to querydetail: bool
Detailed info or not.invalidate_cache: bool
Whether to invalidate cache or not -
Returns
List of elements under directory specified with path
Concatenate a list of files into one new file
-
Parameters
outfile: path
The file which will be concatenated to. If it already exists, the extra pieces will be appended.filelist: list of paths
Existing adl files to concatenate, in orderdelete_source: bool (False)
If True, assume that the paths to concatenate exist alone in a directory, and delete that whole directory when done. -
Returns
None
Make new directory
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path to create directory -
Returns
None
Modify existing Access Control List (ACL) entries on a file or folder. If the entry does not exist it is added, otherwise it is updated based on the spec passed in. No entries are removed by this process (unlike set_acl).
Note: this is by default not recursive, and applies only to the file or folder specified.
-
Parameters
path: str
Location to set the ACL entries on.acl_spec: str
The ACL specification to use in modifying the ACL at the path in the format ‘[default:]user|group|other:[entity id or UPN]:r|-w|-x|-,[default:]user|group|other:[entity id or UPN]:r|-w|-x|-,…’recursive: bool
Specifies whether to modify ACLs recursively or not
Move file between locations on ADL
-
Parameters
path1:
Source Pathpath2:
Destination path -
Returns
None
Open a file for reading or writing
-
Parameters
path: string
Path of file on ADLmode: string
One of ‘rb’, ‘ab’ or ‘wb’blocksize: int
Size of data-node blocks if readingdelimiter: byte(s) or None
For writing delimiter-ended blocks
Stream data from local filename to file at path
-
Parameters
filename: str or Path
Local file path to read frompath: str or AzureDLPath
ADL Path to write todelimiter:
Optional delimeter for delimiter-ended blocks -
Returns
None
Read a block of bytes from an ADL file
Starting at offset of the file, read length bytes. If
delimiter is set then we ensure that the read starts and stops at
delimiter boundaries that follow the locations offset and `offset
- length
. Ifoffset` is zero then we start at zero. The bytestring returned WILL include the end delimiter string.
If offset+length is beyond the eof, reads to eof.
-
Parameters
fn: string
Path to filename on ADLoffset: int
Byte offset to start readlength: int
Number of bytes to readdelimiter: bytes (optional)
Ensure reading starts and stops at delimiter bytestring
>>> adl.read_block('data/file.csv', 0, 13) # doctest: +SKIP
b'Alice, 100\nBo'
>>> adl.read_block('data/file.csv', 0, 13, delimiter=b'\n') # doctest: +SKIP
b'Alice, 100\nBob, 200\n'Use length=None to read to the end of the file.
adl.read_block(‘data/file.csv’, 0, None, delimiter=b’n’) # doctest: +SKIP b’Alice, 100nBob, 200nCharlie, 300’
Remove a file or directory
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
The location to remove.recursive: bool (True)
Whether to remove also all entries below, i.e., which are returned by walk(). -
Returns
None
Remove the entire, non default, ACL from the file or folder, including unnamed entries. Default entries cannot be removed this way, please use remove_default_acl for that.
Note: this is not recursive, and applies only to the file or folder specified.
-
Parameters
path: str
Location to remove the ACL.
Remove existing, named, Access Control List (ACL) entries on a file or folder. If the entry does not exist already it is ignored. Default entries cannot be removed this way, please use remove_default_acl for that. Unnamed entries cannot be removed in this way, please use remove_acl for that.
Note: this is by default not recursive, and applies only to the file or folder specified.
-
Parameters
path: str
Location to remove the ACL entries.acl_spec: str
The ACL specification to remove from the ACL at the path in the format (note that the permission portion is missing) ‘[default:]user|group|other:[entity id or UPN],[default:]user|group|other:[entity id or UPN],…’recursive: bool
Specifies whether to remove ACLs recursively or not
Remove the entire default ACL from the folder. Default entries do not exist on files, if a file is specified, this operation does nothing.
Note: this is not recursive, and applies only to the folder specified.
-
Parameters
path: str
Location to set the ACL on.
Move file between locations on ADL
-
Parameters
path1:
Source Pathpath2:
Destination path -
Returns
None
Remove a file or directory
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
The location to remove.recursive: bool (True)
Whether to remove also all entries below, i.e., which are returned by walk(). -
Returns
None
Remove empty directory
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Directory path to remove -
Returns
None
Set the Access Control List (ACL) for a file or folder.
Note: this is by default not recursive, and applies only to the file or folder specified.
-
Parameters
path: str
Location to set the ACL on.acl_spec: str
The ACL specification to set on the path in the format ‘[default:]user|group|other:[entity id or UPN]:r|-w|-x|-,[default:]user|group|other:[entity id or UPN]:r|-w|-x|-,…’recursive: bool
Specifies whether to set ACLs recursively or not
Set or remove the expiration time on the specified file. This operation can only be executed against files.
Note: Folders are not supported.
-
Parameters
path: str
File path to set or remove expiration timeexpire_time: int
The time that the file will expire, corresponding to the expiry_option that was setexpiry_option: str
Indicates the type of expiration to use for the file: 1. NeverExpire: ExpireTime is ignored. 1. RelativeToNow: ExpireTime is an integer in milliseconds representing the expiration date relative to when file expiration is updated. 1. RelativeToCreationDate: ExpireTime is an integer in milliseconds representing the expiration date relative to file creation. 1. Absolute: ExpireTime is an integer in milliseconds, as a Unix timestamp relative to 1/1/1970 00:00:00.
File information for path
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path to queryinvalidate_cache: bool
Whether to invalidate cache or notexpected_error_code: int
Optionally indicates a specific, expected error code, if any. -
Returns
File information
Return last bytes of file
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path to querysize: int
How many bytes to return -
Returns
Last(size) bytes of file
Create empty file
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path of file to create -
Returns
None
Remove a file or directory
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
The location to remove.recursive: bool (True)
Whether to remove also all entries below, i.e., which are returned by walk(). -
Returns
None
Get all files below given path
-
Parameters
path: str or AzureDLPath
Path to querydetails: bool
Whether to include file detailsinvalidate_cache: bool
Whether to invalidate cache -
Returns
List of files
class azure.datalake.store.multithread.ADLUploader(adlfs, rpath, lpath, nthreads=None, chunksize=268435456, buffersize=4194304, blocksize=4194304, client=None, run=True, overwrite=False, verbose=False, progress_callback=None, timeout=0)
Upload local file(s) using chunks and threads
Launches multiple threads for efficient uploading, with chunksize assigned to each. The path can be a single file, a directory of files or a glob pattern.
-
Parameters
adlfs: ADL filesystem instance
rpath: str
remote path to upload to; if multiple files, this is the dircetory root to write withinlpath: str
local path. Can be single file, directory (in which case, upload recursively) or glob pattern. Recursive glob patterns using \*\* are not supported.nthreads: int [None]
Number of threads to use. If None, uses the number of cores.chunksize: int [2**28]
Number of bytes for a chunk. Large files are split into chunks. Files smaller than this number will always be transferred in a single thread.buffersize: int [2**22]
Number of bytes for internal buffer. This block cannot be bigger than a chunk and cannot be smaller than a block.blocksize: int [2**22]
Number of bytes for a block. Within each chunk, we write a smaller block for each API call. This block cannot be bigger than a chunk.client: ADLTransferClient [None]
Set an instance of ADLTransferClient when finer-grained control over transfer parameters is needed. Ignores nthreads and chunksize set by constructor.run: bool [True]
Whether to begin executing immediately.overwrite: bool [False]
Whether to forcibly overwrite existing files/directories. If False and remote path is a directory, will quit regardless if any files would be overwritten or not. If True, only matching filenames are actually overwritten.progress_callback: callable [None]
Callback for progress with signature function(current, total) where current is the number of bytes transfered so far, and total is the size of the blob, or None if the total size is unknown.timeout: int (0)
Default value 0 means infinite timeout. Otherwise time in seconds before the process will stop and raise an exception if transfer is still in progress -
Attributes
hash
Return whether the uploader is active
Remove references to all persisted uploads.
Load list of persisted transfers from disk, for possible resumption.
-
Returns
A dictionary of upload instances. The hashes are auto
generated unique. The state of the chunks completed, errored, etc., can be seen in the status attribute. Instances can be resumed with `run()`.
Populate transfer queue and execute downloads
-
Parameters
nthreads: int [None]
Override default nthreads, if givenmonitor: bool [True]
To watch and wait (block) until completion.
Persist this upload
Saves a copy of this transfer process in its current state to disk. This is done automatically for a running transfer, so that as a chunk is completed, this is reflected. Thus, if a transfer is interrupted, e.g., by user action, the transfer can be restarted at another time. All chunks that were not already completed will be restarted at that time.
See methods load to retrieved saved transfers and run to
resume a stopped transfer.
-
Parameters
keep: bool (True)
If True, transfer will be saved if some chunks remain to be completed; the transfer will be sure to be removed otherwise.
Return whether the uploader completed successfully.
It will raise AssertionError if the uploader is active.
class azure.datalake.store.multithread.ADLDownloader(adlfs, rpath, lpath, nthreads=None, chunksize=268435456, buffersize=4194304, blocksize=4194304, client=None, run=True, overwrite=False, verbose=False, progress_callback=None, timeout=0)
Download remote file(s) using chunks and threads
Launches multiple threads for efficient downloading, with chunksize assigned to each. The remote path can be a single file, a directory of files or a glob pattern.
-
Parameters
adlfs: ADL filesystem instance
rpath: str
remote path/globstring to use to find remote files. Recursive glob patterns using \*\* are not supported.lpath: str
local path. If downloading a single file, will write to this specific file, unless it is an existing directory, in which case a file is created within it. If downloading multiple files, this is the root directory to write within. Will create directories as required.nthreads: int [None]
Number of threads to use. If None, uses the number of cores.chunksize: int [2**28]
Number of bytes for a chunk. Large files are split into chunks. Files smaller than this number will always be transferred in a single thread.buffersize: int [2**22]
Ignored in curret implementation. Number of bytes for internal buffer. This block cannot be bigger than a chunk and cannot be smaller than a block.blocksize: int [2**22]
Number of bytes for a block. Within each chunk, we write a smaller block for each API call. This block cannot be bigger than a chunk.client: ADLTransferClient [None]
Set an instance of ADLTransferClient when finer-grained control over transfer parameters is needed. Ignores nthreads and chunksize set by constructor.run: bool [True]
Whether to begin executing immediately.overwrite: bool [False]
Whether to forcibly overwrite existing files/directories. If False and local path is a directory, will quit regardless if any files would be overwritten or not. If True, only matching filenames are actually overwritten.progress_callback: callable [None]
Callback for progress with signature function(current, total) where current is the number of bytes transfered so far, and total is the size of the blob, or None if the total size is unknown.timeout: int (0)
Default value 0 means infinite timeout. Otherwise time in seconds before the process will stop and raise an exception if transfer is still in progress -
Attributes
hash
Return whether the downloader is active
Remove references to all persisted downloads.
Load list of persisted transfers from disk, for possible resumption.
-
Returns
A dictionary of download instances. The hashes are auto-
generated unique. The state of the chunks completed, errored, etc., can be seen in the status attribute. Instances can be resumed with `run()`.
Populate transfer queue and execute downloads
-
Parameters
nthreads: int [None]
Override default nthreads, if givenmonitor: bool [True]
To watch and wait (block) until completion.
Persist this download
Saves a copy of this transfer process in its current state to disk. This is done automatically for a running transfer, so that as a chunk is completed, this is reflected. Thus, if a transfer is interrupted, e.g., by user action, the transfer can be restarted at another time. All chunks that were not already completed will be restarted at that time.
See methods load to retrieved saved transfers and run to
resume a stopped transfer.
-
Parameters
keep: bool (True)
If True, transfer will be saved if some chunks remain to be completed; the transfer will be sure to be removed otherwise.
Return whether the downloader completed successfully.
It will raise AssertionError if the downloader is active.
azure.datalake.store.lib.auth(tenant_id=None, username=None, password=None, client_id='', client_secret=None, resource='https://datalake.azure.net/', require_2fa=False, authority=None, retry_policy=None, **kwargs)
User/password authentication
-
Parameters
tenant_id: str
associated with the user’s subscription, or “common”username: str
active directory userpassword: str
sign-in passwordclient_id: str
the service principal clientclient_secret: str
the secret associated with the client_idresource: str
resource for auth (e.g., [https://datalake.azure.net/](https://datalake.azure.net/))require_2fa: bool
indicates this authentication attempt requires two-factor authenticationauthority: string
The full URI of the authentication authority to authenticate against (such as [https://login.microsoftonline.com/](https://login.microsoftonline.com/))kwargs: key/values
Other parameters, for future use -
Returns
:type DataLakeCredential :mod: A DataLakeCredential object
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