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artdong avatar artdong commented on May 15, 2024

这个问题关键在于两个点,一个是原型对象是什么,另一个是原型链是如何形成的。

什么是原型对象

绝大部分的函数(少数内建函数除外)都有一个prototype属性,这个属性是原型对象用来创建新对象实例,而所有被创建的对象都会共享原型对象,因此这些对象便可以访问原型对象的属性。

例如hasOwnProperty()方法存在于Obejct原型对象中,它便可以被任何对象当做自己的方法使用.

用法:object.hasOwnProperty( propertyName )

hasOwnProperty()函数的返回值为Boolean类型。如果对象object具有名称为propertyName的属性,则返回true,否则返回false

 var person = {
    name: "Messi",
    age: 29,
    profession: "football player"
  };
console.log(person.hasOwnProperty("name")); //true
console.log(person.hasOwnProperty("hasOwnProperty")); //false
console.log(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty("hasOwnProperty")); //true

由以上代码可知,hasOwnProperty()并不存在于person对象中,但是person依然可以拥有此方法.

所以person对象是如何找到Object对象中的方法的呢?靠的是原型链。

原型链的形成

原因是每个对象都有 __proto__ 属性,此属性指向该对象的构造函数的原型。

对象可以通过 __proto__与上游的构造函数的原型对象连接起来,而上游的原型对象也有一个__proto__,这样就形成了原型链。

function Person() {}
function Student() {}

Student.prototype = new Person();

const person = new Person();
const student = new Student();

console.log(person);
console.log(person.__proto__);
console.log(student.__proto__);
console.log(person.__proto__ === Person.prototype) // true
console.log(person.__proto__.__proto__ === Object.prototype) // true
console.log(student);
console.log(student.__proto__ === Student.prototype) // true
console.log(student.__proto__.__proto__ === Person.prototype) // true
console.log(student.__proto__.__proto__.__proto__ === Object.prototype) // true

image

tips: __proto__是实现原型链的关键,而prototype则是原型链的组成

经典原型链图

proto

from fe-interview.

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