just for the records: Fedora release 29 gcc (GCC)

<div class="highlight highlight-source-assembly notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="au

compiler warnings,about antirez/kilo

Comments (3)

p3x-robot commented on June 25, 2024

that is a warning, it still compiles.

from kilo.

texrg commented on June 25, 2024

> make
> cc -o kilo kilo.c -Wall -W -pedantic -std=c99
> In file included from /usr/include/termios.h:25,
>                  from kilo.c:40:
> /usr/include/features.h:184:3: warning: #warning "_BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE are deprecated, use _DEFAULT_SOURCE" [-Wcpp]
>  # warning "_BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE are deprecated, use _DEFAULT_SOURCE"
>    ^~~~~~~
> kilo.c: In function ‘editorRefreshScreen’:
> kilo.c:953:19: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘time’; did you mean ‘tee’? [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
>      if (msglen && time(NULL)-E.statusmsg_time < 5)
>

from kilo.

dodona2 commented on June 25, 2024

with linux.gcc 9.2.1:
_/usr/include/features.h:185:3: warning: #warning "_BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE are deprecated, use _DEFAULT_SOURCE" [-Wcpp]
185 | # warning "_BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE are deprecated, use DEFAULT_SOURCE"
| ^~~~~~~
kilo.c: In function ‘editorRefreshScreen’:
kilo.c:953:19: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘time’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
953 | if (msglen && time(NULL)-E.statusmsg_time < 5)
| ^~~~

it's very easy to avoid the warnings. I just paste the corrected code:

/* Kilo -- A very simple editor in less than 1-kilo lines of code (as counted

    by "cloc"). Does not depend on libcurses, directly emits VT100

```
    escapes on the terminal.
```
Copyright (C) 2016 Salvatore Sanfilippo
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/

#define KILO_VERSION "0.0.1"

/* #define _BSD_SOURCE -dod /
#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE / -dod */
#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <termios.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <time.h> /* -dod /
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
/ #include <sys/time.h> -dod */
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

/* Syntax highlight types /
#define HL_NORMAL 0
#define HL_NONPRINT 1
#define HL_COMMENT 2 / Single line comment. /
#define HL_MLCOMMENT 3 / Multi-line comment. /
#define HL_KEYWORD1 4
#define HL_KEYWORD2 5
#define HL_STRING 6
#define HL_NUMBER 7
#define HL_MATCH 8 / Search match. */

#define HL_HIGHLIGHT_STRINGS (1<<0)
#define HL_HIGHLIGHT_NUMBERS (1<<1)

struct editorSyntax {
char **filematch;
char **keywords;
char singleline_comment_start[2];
char multiline_comment_start[3];
char multiline_comment_end[3];
int flags;
};

/* This structure represents a single line of the file we are editing. /
typedef struct erow {
int idx; / Row index in the file, zero-based. /
int size; / Size of the row, excluding the null term. /
int rsize; / Size of the rendered row. */
char chars; / Row content. /
char render; / Row content "rendered" for screen (for TABs). /
unsigned char hl; / Syntax highlight type for each character in render./
int hl_oc; / Row had open comment at end in last syntax highlight
check. */
} erow;

typedef struct hlcolor {
int r,g,b;
} hlcolor;

struct editorConfig {
int cx,cy; /* Cursor x and y position in characters /
int rowoff; / Offset of row displayed. /
int coloff; / Offset of column displayed. /
int screenrows; / Number of rows that we can show /
int screencols; / Number of cols that we can show /
int numrows; / Number of rows /
int rawmode; / Is terminal raw mode enabled? */
erow row; / Rows /
int dirty; / File modified but not saved. */
char filename; / Currently open filename */
char statusmsg[80];
time_t statusmsg_time;
struct editorSyntax syntax; / Current syntax highlight, or NULL. */
};

static struct editorConfig E;

enum KEY_ACTION{
KEY_NULL = 0, /* NULL /
CTRL_C = 3, / Ctrl-c /
CTRL_D = 4, / Ctrl-d /
CTRL_F = 6, / Ctrl-f /
CTRL_H = 8, / Ctrl-h /
TAB = 9, / Tab /
CTRL_L = 12, / Ctrl+l /
ENTER = 13, / Enter /
CTRL_Q = 17, / Ctrl-q /
CTRL_S = 19, / Ctrl-s /
CTRL_U = 21, / Ctrl-u /
ESC = 27, / Escape /
BACKSPACE = 127, / Backspace /
/ The following are just soft codes, not really reported by the
* terminal directly. */
ARROW_LEFT = 1000,
ARROW_RIGHT,
ARROW_UP,
ARROW_DOWN,
DEL_KEY,
HOME_KEY,
END_KEY,
PAGE_UP,
PAGE_DOWN
};

void editorSetStatusMessage(const char *fmt, ...);

/* =========================== Syntax highlights DB =========================
*

In order to add a new syntax, define two arrays with a list of file name
matches and keywords. The file name matches are used in order to match
a given syntax with a given file name: if a match pattern starts with a
dot, it is matched as the last past of the filename, for example ".c".
Otherwise the pattern is just searched inside the filenme, like "Makefile").
The list of keywords to highlight is just a list of words, however if they
a trailing '|' character is added at the end, they are highlighted in
a different color, so that you can have two different sets of keywords.
Finally add a stanza in the HLDB global variable with two two arrays
of strings, and a set of flags in order to enable highlighting of
comments and numbers.
The characters for single and multi line comments must be exactly two
and must be provided as well (see the C language example).
There is no support to highlight patterns currently. */

/* C / C++ */
char *C_HL_extensions[] = {".c",".cpp",NULL};
char C_HL_keywords[] = {
/ A few C / C++ keywords /
"switch","if","while","for","break","continue","return","else",
"struct","union","typedef","static","enum","class",
/ C types */
"int|","long|","double|","float|","char|","unsigned|","signed|",
"void|",NULL
};

/* Here we define an array of syntax highlights by extensions, keywords,

comments delimiters and flags. /
struct editorSyntax HLDB[] = {
{
/ C / C++ /
C_HL_extensions,
C_HL_keywords,
"//","/","*/",
HL_HIGHLIGHT_STRINGS | HL_HIGHLIGHT_NUMBERS
}
};

#define HLDB_ENTRIES (sizeof(HLDB)/sizeof(HLDB[0]))

/* ======================= Low level terminal handling ====================== */

static struct termios orig_termios; /* In order to restore at exit.*/

void disableRawMode(int fd) {
/* Don't even check the return value as it's too late. */
if (E.rawmode) {
tcsetattr(fd,TCSAFLUSH,&orig_termios);
E.rawmode = 0;
}
}

/* Called at exit to avoid remaining in raw mode. */
void editorAtExit(void) {
disableRawMode(STDIN_FILENO);
}

/* Raw mode: 1960 magic shit. */
int enableRawMode(int fd) {
struct termios raw;

if (E.rawmode) return 0; /* Already enabled. */
if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) goto fatal;
atexit(editorAtExit);
if (tcgetattr(fd,&orig_termios) == -1) goto fatal;

raw = orig_termios;  /* modify the original mode */
/* input modes: no break, no CR to NL, no parity check, no strip char,
 * no start/stop output control. */
raw.c_iflag &= ~(BRKINT | ICRNL | INPCK | ISTRIP | IXON);
/* output modes - disable post processing */
raw.c_oflag &= ~(OPOST);
/* control modes - set 8 bit chars */
raw.c_cflag |= (CS8);
/* local modes - choing off, canonical off, no extended functions,
 * no signal chars (^Z,^C) */
raw.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO | ICANON | IEXTEN | ISIG);
/* control chars - set return condition: min number of bytes and timer. */
raw.c_cc[VMIN] = 0; /* Return each byte, or zero for timeout. */
raw.c_cc[VTIME] = 1; /* 100 ms timeout (unit is tens of second). */

/* put terminal in raw mode after flushing */
if (tcsetattr(fd,TCSAFLUSH,&raw) < 0) goto fatal;
E.rawmode = 1;
return 0;

fatal:
errno = ENOTTY;
return -1;
}

/* Read a key from the terminal put in raw mode, trying to handle

escape sequences. */
int editorReadKey(int fd) {
int nread;
char c, seq[3];
while ((nread = read(fd,&c,1)) == 0);
if (nread == -1) exit(1);

while(1) {
switch(c) {
case ESC: /* escape sequence /
/ If this is just an ESC, we'll timeout here. */
if (read(fd,seq,1) == 0) return ESC;
if (read(fd,seq+1,1) == 0) return ESC;

     /* ESC [ sequences. */
     if (seq[0] == '[') {
         if (seq[1] >= '0' && seq[1] <= '9') {
             /* Extended escape, read additional byte. */
             if (read(fd,seq+2,1) == 0) return ESC;
             if (seq[2] == '~') {
                 switch(seq[1]) {
                 case '3': return DEL_KEY;
                 case '5': return PAGE_UP;
                 case '6': return PAGE_DOWN;
                 }
             }
         } else {
             switch(seq[1]) {
             case 'A': return ARROW_UP;
             case 'B': return ARROW_DOWN;
             case 'C': return ARROW_RIGHT;
             case 'D': return ARROW_LEFT;
             case 'H': return HOME_KEY;
             case 'F': return END_KEY;
             }
         }
     }

     /* ESC O sequences. */
     else if (seq[0] == 'O') {
         switch(seq[1]) {
         case 'H': return HOME_KEY;
         case 'F': return END_KEY;
         }
     }
     break;
 default:
     return c;
 }

}
}

/* Use the ESC [6n escape sequence to query the horizontal cursor position

and return it. On error -1 is returned, on success the position of the
cursor is stored at *rows and *cols and 0 is returned. */
int getCursorPosition(int ifd, int ofd, int *rows, int *cols) {
char buf[32];
unsigned int i = 0;

/* Report cursor location */
if (write(ofd, "\x1b[6n", 4) != 4) return -1;

/* Read the response: ESC [ rows ; cols R */
while (i < sizeof(buf)-1) {
if (read(ifd,buf+i,1) != 1) break;
if (buf[i] == 'R') break;
i++;
}
buf[i] = '\0';

/* Parse it. */
if (buf[0] != ESC || buf[1] != '[') return -1;
if (sscanf(buf+2,"%d;%d",rows,cols) != 2) return -1;
return 0;
}

/* Try to get the number of columns in the current terminal. If the ioctl()

call fails the function will try to query the terminal itself.

Returns 0 on success, -1 on error. */
int getWindowSize(int ifd, int ofd, int *rows, int *cols) {
struct winsize ws;

if (ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) == -1 || ws.ws_col == 0) {
/* ioctl() failed. Try to query the terminal itself. */
int orig_row, orig_col, retval;

 /* Get the initial position so we can restore it later. */
 retval = getCursorPosition(ifd,ofd,&orig_row,&orig_col);
 if (retval == -1) goto failed;

 /* Go to right/bottom margin and get position. */
 if (write(ofd,"\x1b[999C\x1b[999B",12) != 12) goto failed;
 retval = getCursorPosition(ifd,ofd,rows,cols);
 if (retval == -1) goto failed;

 /* Restore position. */
 char seq[32];
 snprintf(seq,32,"\x1b[%d;%dH",orig_row,orig_col);
 if (write(ofd,seq,strlen(seq)) == -1) {
     /* Can't recover... */
 }
 return 0;

} else {
*cols = ws.ws_col;
*rows = ws.ws_row;
return 0;
}

failed:
return -1;
}

/* ====================== Syntax highlight color scheme ==================== */

int is_separator(int c) {
return c == '\0' || isspace(c) || strchr(",.()+-/*=~%[];",c) != NULL;
}

/* Return true if the specified row last char is part of a multi line comment

that starts at this row or at one before, and does not end at the end
of the row but spawns to the next row. */
int editorRowHasOpenComment(erow row) {
if (row->hl && row->rsize && row->hl[row->rsize-1] == HL_MLCOMMENT &&
(row->rsize < 2 || (row->render[row->rsize-2] != '' ||
row->render[row->rsize-1] != '/'))) return 1;
return 0;
}

/* Set every byte of row->hl (that corresponds to every character in the line)

to the right syntax highlight type (HL_* defines). */
void editorUpdateSyntax(erow *row) {
row->hl = realloc(row->hl,row->rsize);
memset(row->hl,HL_NORMAL,row->rsize);

if (E.syntax == NULL) return; /* No syntax, everything is HL_NORMAL. */

int i, prev_sep, in_string, in_comment;
char *p;
char **keywords = E.syntax->keywords;
char *scs = E.syntax->singleline_comment_start;
char *mcs = E.syntax->multiline_comment_start;
char *mce = E.syntax->multiline_comment_end;

/* Point to the first non-space char. /
p = row->render;
i = 0; / Current char offset */
while(*p && isspace(p)) {
p++;
i++;
}
prev_sep = 1; / Tell the parser if 'i' points to start of word. /
in_string = 0; / Are we inside "" or '' ? /
in_comment = 0; / Are we inside multi-line comment? */

/* If the previous line has an open comment, this line starts

with an open comment state. */
if (row->idx > 0 && editorRowHasOpenComment(&E.row[row->idx-1]))
in_comment = 1;

while(p) {
/ Handle // comments. */
if (prev_sep && *p == scs[0] && (p+1) == scs[1]) {
/ From here to end is a comment */
memset(row->hl+i,HL_COMMENT,row->size-i);
return;
}

 /* Handle multi line comments. */
 if (in_comment) {
     row->hl[i] = HL_MLCOMMENT;
     if (*p == mce[0] && *(p+1) == mce[1]) {
         row->hl[i+1] = HL_MLCOMMENT;
         p += 2; i += 2;
         in_comment = 0;
         prev_sep = 1;
         continue;
     } else {
         prev_sep = 0;
         p++; i++;
         continue;
     }
 } else if (*p == mcs[0] && *(p+1) == mcs[1]) {
     row->hl[i] = HL_MLCOMMENT;
     row->hl[i+1] = HL_MLCOMMENT;
     p += 2; i += 2;
     in_comment = 1;
     prev_sep = 0;
     continue;
 }

 /* Handle "" and '' */
 if (in_string) {
     row->hl[i] = HL_STRING;
     if (*p == '\\') {
         row->hl[i+1] = HL_STRING;
         p += 2; i += 2;
         prev_sep = 0;
         continue;
     }
     if (*p == in_string) in_string = 0;
     p++; i++;
     continue;
 } else {
     if (*p == '"' || *p == '\'') {
         in_string = *p;
         row->hl[i] = HL_STRING;
         p++; i++;
         prev_sep = 0;
         continue;
     }
 }

 /* Handle non printable chars. */
 if (!isprint(*p)) {
     row->hl[i] = HL_NONPRINT;
     p++; i++;
     prev_sep = 0;
     continue;
 }

 /* Handle numbers */
 if ((isdigit(*p) && (prev_sep || row->hl[i-1] == HL_NUMBER)) ||
     (*p == '.' && i >0 && row->hl[i-1] == HL_NUMBER)) {
     row->hl[i] = HL_NUMBER;
     p++; i++;
     prev_sep = 0;
     continue;
 }

 /* Handle keywords and lib calls */
 if (prev_sep) {
     int j;
     for (j = 0; keywords[j]; j++) {
         int klen = strlen(keywords[j]);
         int kw2 = keywords[j][klen-1] == '|';
         if (kw2) klen--;

         if (!memcmp(p,keywords[j],klen) &&
             is_separator(*(p+klen)))
         {
             /* Keyword */
             memset(row->hl+i,kw2 ? HL_KEYWORD2 : HL_KEYWORD1,klen);
             p += klen;
             i += klen;
             break;
         }
     }
     if (keywords[j] != NULL) {
         prev_sep = 0;
         continue; /* We had a keyword match */
     }
 }

 /* Not special chars */
 prev_sep = is_separator(*p);
 p++; i++;

}

/* Propagate syntax change to the next row if the open commen

state changed. This may recursively affect all the following rows
in the file. */
int oc = editorRowHasOpenComment(row);
if (row->hl_oc != oc && row->idx+1 < E.numrows)
editorUpdateSyntax(&E.row[row->idx+1]);
row->hl_oc = oc;
}

/* Maps syntax highlight token types to terminal colors. /
int editorSyntaxToColor(int hl) {
switch(hl) {
case HL_COMMENT:
case HL_MLCOMMENT: return 36; / cyan /
case HL_KEYWORD1: return 33; / yellow /
case HL_KEYWORD2: return 32; / green /
case HL_STRING: return 35; / magenta /
case HL_NUMBER: return 31; / red /
case HL_MATCH: return 34; / blu /
default: return 37; / white */
}
}

/* Select the syntax highlight scheme depending on the filename,

setting it in the global state E.syntax. */
void editorSelectSyntaxHighlight(char *filename) {
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < HLDB_ENTRIES; j++) {
struct editorSyntax *s = HLDB+j;
unsigned int i = 0;
while(s->filematch[i]) {
char *p;
int patlen = strlen(s->filematch[i]);
if ((p = strstr(filename,s->filematch[i])) != NULL) {
if (s->filematch[i][0] != '.' || p[patlen] == '\0') {
E.syntax = s;
return;
}
}
i++;
}
}
}

/* ======================= Editor rows implementation ======================= */

/* Update the rendered version and the syntax highlight of a row. */
void editorUpdateRow(erow *row) {
int tabs = 0, nonprint = 0, j, idx;

/* Create a version of the row we can directly print on the screen,
* respecting tabs, substituting non printable characters with '?'. */
free(row->render);
for (j = 0; j < row->size; j++)
if (row->chars[j] == TAB) tabs++;

row->render = malloc(row->size + tabs*8 + nonprint*9 + 1);
idx = 0;
for (j = 0; j < row->size; j++) {
    if (row->chars[j] == TAB) {
        row->render[idx++] = ' ';
        while((idx+1) % 8 != 0) row->render[idx++] = ' ';
    } else {
        row->render[idx++] = row->chars[j];
    }
}
row->rsize = idx;
row->render[idx] = '\0';

/* Update the syntax highlighting attributes of the row. */
editorUpdateSyntax(row);

}

/* Insert a row at the specified position, shifting the other rows on the bottom

if required. /
void editorInsertRow(int at, char s, size_t len) {
if (at > E.numrows) return;
E.row = realloc(E.row,sizeof(erow)(E.numrows+1));
if (at != E.numrows) {
memmove(E.row+at+1,E.row+at,sizeof(E.row[0])(E.numrows-at));
for (int j = at+1; j <= E.numrows; j++) E.row[j].idx++;
}
E.row[at].size = len;
E.row[at].chars = malloc(len+1);
memcpy(E.row[at].chars,s,len+1);
E.row[at].hl = NULL;
E.row[at].hl_oc = 0;
E.row[at].render = NULL;
E.row[at].rsize = 0;
E.row[at].idx = at;
editorUpdateRow(E.row+at);
E.numrows++;
E.dirty++;
}

/* Free row's heap allocated stuff. */
void editorFreeRow(erow *row) {
free(row->render);
free(row->chars);
free(row->hl);
}

/* Remove the row at the specified position, shifting the remainign on the

top. */
void editorDelRow(int at) {
erow *row;

if (at >= E.numrows) return;
row = E.row+at;
editorFreeRow(row);
memmove(E.row+at,E.row+at+1,sizeof(E.row[0])*(E.numrows-at-1));
for (int j = at; j < E.numrows-1; j++) E.row[j].idx++;
E.numrows--;
E.dirty++;
}

/* Turn the editor rows into a single heap-allocated string.

Returns the pointer to the heap-allocated string and populate the
integer pointed by 'buflen' with the size of the string, escluding
the final nulterm. */
char *editorRowsToString(int *buflen) {
char *buf = NULL, *p;
int totlen = 0;
int j;

/* Compute count of bytes /
for (j = 0; j < E.numrows; j++)
totlen += E.row[j].size+1; / +1 is for "\n" at end of every row */
buflen = totlen;
totlen++; / Also make space for nulterm */

p = buf = malloc(totlen);
for (j = 0; j < E.numrows; j++) {
memcpy(p,E.row[j].chars,E.row[j].size);
p += E.row[j].size;
*p = '\n';
p++;
}
*p = '\0';
return buf;
}

/* Insert a character at the specified position in a row, moving the remaining

chars on the right if needed. */
void editorRowInsertChar(erow row, int at, int c) {
if (at > row->size) {
/ Pad the string with spaces if the insert location is outside the
* current length by more than a single character. /
int padlen = at-row->size;
/ In the next line +2 means: new char and null term. /
row->chars = realloc(row->chars,row->size+padlen+2);
memset(row->chars+row->size,' ',padlen);
row->chars[row->size+padlen+1] = '\0';
row->size += padlen+1;
} else {
/ If we are in the middle of the string just make space for 1 new
* char plus the (already existing) null term. */
row->chars = realloc(row->chars,row->size+2);
memmove(row->chars+at+1,row->chars+at,row->size-at+1);
row->size++;
}
row->chars[at] = c;
editorUpdateRow(row);
E.dirty++;
}

/* Append the string 's' at the end of a row */
void editorRowAppendString(erow *row, char *s, size_t len) {
row->chars = realloc(row->chars,row->size+len+1);
memcpy(row->chars+row->size,s,len);
row->size += len;
row->chars[row->size] = '\0';
editorUpdateRow(row);
E.dirty++;
}

/* Delete the character at offset 'at' from the specified row. */
void editorRowDelChar(erow *row, int at) {
if (row->size <= at) return;
memmove(row->chars+at,row->chars+at+1,row->size-at);
editorUpdateRow(row);
row->size--;
E.dirty++;
}

/* Insert the specified char at the current prompt position. */
void editorInsertChar(int c) {
int filerow = E.rowoff+E.cy;
int filecol = E.coloff+E.cx;
erow *row = (filerow >= E.numrows) ? NULL : &E.row[filerow];

/* If the row where the cursor is currently located does not exist in our
 * logical representaion of the file, add enough empty rows as needed. */
if (!row) {
    while(E.numrows <= filerow)
        editorInsertRow(E.numrows,"",0);
}
row = &E.row[filerow];
editorRowInsertChar(row,filecol,c);
if (E.cx == E.screencols-1)
    E.coloff++;
else
    E.cx++;
E.dirty++;

}

/* Inserting a newline is slightly complex as we have to handle inserting a

newline in the middle of a line, splitting the line as needed. */
void editorInsertNewline(void) {
int filerow = E.rowoff+E.cy;
int filecol = E.coloff+E.cx;
erow *row = (filerow >= E.numrows) ? NULL : &E.row[filerow];

if (!row) {
if (filerow == E.numrows) {
editorInsertRow(filerow,"",0);
goto fixcursor;
}
return;
}
/* If the cursor is over the current line size, we want to conceptually
- think it's just over the last character. /
  if (filecol >= row->size) filecol = row->size;
  if (filecol == 0) {
  editorInsertRow(filerow,"",0);
  } else {
  / We are in the middle of a line. Split it between two rows. */
  editorInsertRow(filerow+1,row->chars+filecol,row->size-filecol);
  row = &E.row[filerow];
  row->chars[filecol] = '\0';
  row->size = filecol;
  editorUpdateRow(row);
  }
  fixcursor:
  if (E.cy == E.screenrows-1) {
  E.rowoff++;
  } else {
  E.cy++;
  }
  E.cx = 0;
  E.coloff = 0;
  }

/* Delete the char at the current prompt position. */
void editorDelChar() {
int filerow = E.rowoff+E.cy;
int filecol = E.coloff+E.cx;
erow *row = (filerow >= E.numrows) ? NULL : &E.row[filerow];

if (!row || (filecol == 0 && filerow == 0)) return;
if (filecol == 0) {
    /* Handle the case of column 0, we need to move the current line
     * on the right of the previous one. */
    filecol = E.row[filerow-1].size;
    editorRowAppendString(&E.row[filerow-1],row->chars,row->size);
    editorDelRow(filerow);
    row = NULL;
    if (E.cy == 0)
        E.rowoff--;
    else
        E.cy--;
    E.cx = filecol;
    if (E.cx >= E.screencols) {
        int shift = (E.screencols-E.cx)+1;
        E.cx -= shift;
        E.coloff += shift;
    }
} else {
    editorRowDelChar(row,filecol-1);
    if (E.cx == 0 && E.coloff)
        E.coloff--;
    else
        E.cx--;
}
if (row) editorUpdateRow(row);
E.dirty++;

}

/* Load the specified program in the editor memory and returns 0 on success

or 1 on error. */
int editorOpen(char *filename) {
FILE *fp;

E.dirty = 0;
free(E.filename);
E.filename = strdup(filename);

fp = fopen(filename,"r");
if (!fp) {
if (errno != ENOENT) {
perror("Opening file");
exit(1);
}
return 1;
}

char *line = NULL;
size_t linecap = 0;
ssize_t linelen;
while((linelen = getline(&line,&linecap,fp)) != -1) {
if (linelen && (line[linelen-1] == '\n' || line[linelen-1] == '\r'))
line[--linelen] = '\0';
editorInsertRow(E.numrows,line,linelen);
}
free(line);
fclose(fp);
E.dirty = 0;
return 0;
}

/* Save the current file on disk. Return 0 on success, 1 on error. */
int editorSave(void) {
int len;
char *buf = editorRowsToString(&len);
int fd = open(E.filename,O_RDWR|O_CREAT,0644);
if (fd == -1) goto writeerr;

/* Use truncate + a single write(2) call in order to make saving
 * a bit safer, under the limits of what we can do in a small editor. */
if (ftruncate(fd,len) == -1) goto writeerr;
if (write(fd,buf,len) != len) goto writeerr;

close(fd);
free(buf);
E.dirty = 0;
editorSetStatusMessage("%d bytes written on disk", len);
return 0;

writeerr:
free(buf);
if (fd != -1) close(fd);
editorSetStatusMessage("Can't save! I/O error: %s",strerror(errno));
return 1;
}

/* ============================= Terminal update ============================ */

/* We define a very simple "append buffer" structure, that is an heap

allocated string where we can append to. This is useful in order to
write all the escape sequences in a buffer and flush them to the standard
output in a single call, to avoid flickering effects. */
struct abuf {
char *b;
int len;
};

#define ABUF_INIT {NULL,0}

void abAppend(struct abuf *ab, const char *s, int len) {
char *new = realloc(ab->b,ab->len+len);

if (new == NULL) return;
memcpy(new+ab->len,s,len);
ab->b = new;
ab->len += len;

}

void abFree(struct abuf *ab) {
free(ab->b);
}

/* This function writes the whole screen using VT100 escape characters

starting from the logical state of the editor in the global state 'E'. */
void editorRefreshScreen(void) {
int y;
erow *r;
char buf[32];
struct abuf ab = ABUF_INIT;

abAppend(&ab,"\x1b[?25l",6); /* Hide cursor. /
abAppend(&ab,"\x1b[H",3); / Go home. */
for (y = 0; y < E.screenrows; y++) {
int filerow = E.rowoff+y;

 if (filerow >= E.numrows) {
     if (E.numrows == 0 && y == E.screenrows/3) {
         char welcome[80];
         int welcomelen = snprintf(welcome,sizeof(welcome),
             "Kilo editor -- verison %s\x1b[0K\r\n", KILO_VERSION);
         int padding = (E.screencols-welcomelen)/2;
         if (padding) {
             abAppend(&ab,"~",1);
             padding--;
         }
         while(padding--) abAppend(&ab," ",1);
         abAppend(&ab,welcome,welcomelen);
     } else {
         abAppend(&ab,"~\x1b[0K\r\n",7);
     }
     continue;
 }

 r = &E.row[filerow];

 int len = r->rsize - E.coloff;
 int current_color = -1;
 if (len > 0) {
     if (len > E.screencols) len = E.screencols;
     char *c = r->render+E.coloff;
     unsigned char *hl = r->hl+E.coloff;
     int j;
     for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
         if (hl[j] == HL_NONPRINT) {
             char sym;
             abAppend(&ab,"\x1b[7m",4);
             if (c[j] <= 26)
                 sym = '@'+c[j];
             else
                 sym = '?';
             abAppend(&ab,&sym,1);
             abAppend(&ab,"\x1b[0m",4);
         } else if (hl[j] == HL_NORMAL) {
             if (current_color != -1) {
                 abAppend(&ab,"\x1b[39m",5);
                 current_color = -1;
             }
             abAppend(&ab,c+j,1);
         } else {
             int color = editorSyntaxToColor(hl[j]);
             if (color != current_color) {
                 char buf[16];
                 int clen = snprintf(buf,sizeof(buf),"\x1b[%dm",color);
                 current_color = color;
                 abAppend(&ab,buf,clen);
             }
             abAppend(&ab,c+j,1);
         }
     }
 }
 abAppend(&ab,"\x1b[39m",5);
 abAppend(&ab,"\x1b[0K",4);
 abAppend(&ab,"\r\n",2);

}

/* Create a two rows status. First row: */
abAppend(&ab,"\x1b[0K",4);
abAppend(&ab,"\x1b[7m",4);
char status[80], rstatus[80];
int len = snprintf(status, sizeof(status), "%.20s - %d lines %s",
E.filename, E.numrows, E.dirty ? "(modified)" : "");
int rlen = snprintf(rstatus, sizeof(rstatus),
"%d/%d",E.rowoff+E.cy+1,E.numrows);
if (len > E.screencols) len = E.screencols;
abAppend(&ab,status,len);
while(len < E.screencols) {
if (E.screencols - len == rlen) {
abAppend(&ab,rstatus,rlen);
break;
} else {
abAppend(&ab," ",1);
len++;
}
}
abAppend(&ab,"\x1b[0m\r\n",6);

/* Second row depends on E.statusmsg and the status message update time. */
abAppend(&ab,"\x1b[0K",4);
int msglen = strlen(E.statusmsg);
if (msglen && time(NULL)-E.statusmsg_time < 5)
abAppend(&ab,E.statusmsg,msglen <= E.screencols ? msglen : E.screencols);

/* Put cursor at its current position. Note that the horizontal position

at which the cursor is displayed may be different compared to 'E.cx'
because of TABs. */
int j;
int cx = 1;
int filerow = E.rowoff+E.cy;
erow row = (filerow >= E.numrows) ? NULL : &E.row[filerow];
if (row) {
for (j = E.coloff; j < (E.cx+E.coloff); j++) {
if (j < row->size && row->chars[j] == TAB) cx += 7-((cx)%8);
cx++;
}
}
snprintf(buf,sizeof(buf),"\x1b[%d;%dH",E.cy+1,cx);
abAppend(&ab,buf,strlen(buf));
abAppend(&ab,"\x1b[?25h",6); / Show cursor. */
write(STDOUT_FILENO,ab.b,ab.len);
abFree(&ab);
}

/* Set an editor status message for the second line of the status, at the

end of the screen. */
void editorSetStatusMessage(const char *fmt, ...) {
va_list ap;
va_start(ap,fmt);
vsnprintf(E.statusmsg,sizeof(E.statusmsg),fmt,ap);
va_end(ap);
E.statusmsg_time = time(NULL);
}

/* =============================== Find mode ================================ */

#define KILO_QUERY_LEN 256

void editorFind(int fd) {
char query[KILO_QUERY_LEN+1] = {0};
int qlen = 0;
int last_match = -1; /* Last line where a match was found. -1 for none. /
int find_next = 0; / if 1 search next, if -1 search prev. /
int saved_hl_line = -1; / No saved HL */
char *saved_hl = NULL;

#define FIND_RESTORE_HL do {
if (saved_hl) {
memcpy(E.row[saved_hl_line].hl,saved_hl, E.row[saved_hl_line].rsize);
saved_hl = NULL;
}
} while (0)

/* Save the cursor position in order to restore it later. */
int saved_cx = E.cx, saved_cy = E.cy;
int saved_coloff = E.coloff, saved_rowoff = E.rowoff;

while(1) {
    editorSetStatusMessage(
        "Search: %s (Use ESC/Arrows/Enter)", query);
    editorRefreshScreen();

    int c = editorReadKey(fd);
    if (c == DEL_KEY || c == CTRL_H || c == BACKSPACE) {
        if (qlen != 0) query[--qlen] = '\0';
        last_match = -1;
    } else if (c == ESC || c == ENTER) {
        if (c == ESC) {
            E.cx = saved_cx; E.cy = saved_cy;
            E.coloff = saved_coloff; E.rowoff = saved_rowoff;
        }
        FIND_RESTORE_HL;
        editorSetStatusMessage("");
        return;
    } else if (c == ARROW_RIGHT || c == ARROW_DOWN) {
        find_next = 1;
    } else if (c == ARROW_LEFT || c == ARROW_UP) {
        find_next = -1;
    } else if (isprint(c)) {
        if (qlen < KILO_QUERY_LEN) {
            query[qlen++] = c;
            query[qlen] = '\0';
            last_match = -1;
        }
    }

    /* Search occurrence. */
    if (last_match == -1) find_next = 1;
    if (find_next) {
        char *match = NULL;
        int match_offset = 0;
        int i, current = last_match;

        for (i = 0; i < E.numrows; i++) {
            current += find_next;
            if (current == -1) current = E.numrows-1;
            else if (current == E.numrows) current = 0;
            match = strstr(E.row[current].render,query);
            if (match) {
                match_offset = match-E.row[current].render;
                break;
            }
        }
        find_next = 0;

        /* Highlight */
        FIND_RESTORE_HL;

        if (match) {
            erow *row = &E.row[current];
            last_match = current;
            if (row->hl) {
                saved_hl_line = current;
                saved_hl = malloc(row->rsize);
                memcpy(saved_hl,row->hl,row->rsize);
                memset(row->hl+match_offset,HL_MATCH,qlen);
            }
            E.cy = 0;
            E.cx = match_offset;
            E.rowoff = current;
            E.coloff = 0;
            /* Scroll horizontally as needed. */
            if (E.cx > E.screencols) {
                int diff = E.cx - E.screencols;
                E.cx -= diff;
                E.coloff += diff;
            }
        }
    }
}

}

/* ========================= Editor events handling ======================== */

/* Handle cursor position change because arrow keys were pressed. */
void editorMoveCursor(int key) {
int filerow = E.rowoff+E.cy;
int filecol = E.coloff+E.cx;
int rowlen;
erow *row = (filerow >= E.numrows) ? NULL : &E.row[filerow];

switch(key) {
case ARROW_LEFT:
    if (E.cx == 0) {
        if (E.coloff) {
            E.coloff--;
        } else {
            if (filerow > 0) {
                E.cy--;
                E.cx = E.row[filerow-1].size;
                if (E.cx > E.screencols-1) {
                    E.coloff = E.cx-E.screencols+1;
                    E.cx = E.screencols-1;
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        E.cx -= 1;
    }
    break;
case ARROW_RIGHT:
    if (row && filecol < row->size) {
        if (E.cx == E.screencols-1) {
            E.coloff++;
        } else {
            E.cx += 1;
        }
    } else if (row && filecol == row->size) {
        E.cx = 0;
        E.coloff = 0;
        if (E.cy == E.screenrows-1) {
            E.rowoff++;
        } else {
            E.cy += 1;
        }
    }
    break;
case ARROW_UP:
    if (E.cy == 0) {
        if (E.rowoff) E.rowoff--;
    } else {
        E.cy -= 1;
    }
    break;
case ARROW_DOWN:
    if (filerow < E.numrows) {
        if (E.cy == E.screenrows-1) {
            E.rowoff++;
        } else {
            E.cy += 1;
        }
    }
    break;
}
/* Fix cx if the current line has not enough chars. */
filerow = E.rowoff+E.cy;
filecol = E.coloff+E.cx;
row = (filerow >= E.numrows) ? NULL : &E.row[filerow];
rowlen = row ? row->size : 0;
if (filecol > rowlen) {
    E.cx -= filecol-rowlen;
    if (E.cx < 0) {
        E.coloff += E.cx;
        E.cx = 0;
    }
}

}

/* Process events arriving from the standard input, which is, the user

is typing stuff on the terminal. /
#define KILO_QUIT_TIMES 3
void editorProcessKeypress(int fd) {
/ When the file is modified, requires Ctrl-q to be pressed N times
- before actually quitting. */
  static int quit_times = KILO_QUIT_TIMES;
int c = editorReadKey(fd);
switch(c) {
case ENTER: /* Enter /
editorInsertNewline();
break;
case CTRL_C: / Ctrl-c /
/ We ignore ctrl-c, it can't be so simple to lose the changes
* to the edited file. /
break;
case CTRL_Q: / Ctrl-q /
/ Quit if the file was already saved. /
if (E.dirty && quit_times) {
editorSetStatusMessage("WARNING!!! File has unsaved changes. "
"Press Ctrl-Q %d more times to quit.", quit_times);
quit_times--;
return;
}
exit(0);
break;
case CTRL_S: / Ctrl-s /
editorSave();
break;
case CTRL_F:
editorFind(fd);
break;
case BACKSPACE: / Backspace /
case CTRL_H: / Ctrl-h */
case DEL_KEY:
editorDelChar();
break;
case PAGE_UP:
case PAGE_DOWN:
if (c == PAGE_UP && E.cy != 0)
E.cy = 0;
else if (c == PAGE_DOWN && E.cy != E.screenrows-1)
E.cy = E.screenrows-1;
{
int times = E.screenrows;
while(times--)
editorMoveCursor(c == PAGE_UP ? ARROW_UP:
ARROW_DOWN);
}
break;

case ARROW_UP:
case ARROW_DOWN:
case ARROW_LEFT:
case ARROW_RIGHT:
editorMoveCursor(c);
break;
case CTRL_L: /* ctrl+l, clear screen /
/ Just refresht the line as side effect. /
break;
case ESC:
/ Nothing to do for ESC in this mode. */
break;
default:
editorInsertChar(c);
break;
}

quit_times = KILO_QUIT_TIMES; /* Reset it to the original value. */
}

int editorFileWasModified(void) {
return E.dirty;
}

void initEditor(void) {
E.cx = 0;
E.cy = 0;
E.rowoff = 0;
E.coloff = 0;
E.numrows = 0;
E.row = NULL;
E.dirty = 0;
E.filename = NULL;
E.syntax = NULL;
if (getWindowSize(STDIN_FILENO,STDOUT_FILENO,
&E.screenrows,&E.screencols) == -1)
{
perror("Unable to query the screen for size (columns / rows)");
exit(1);
}
E.screenrows -= 2; /* Get room for status bar. */
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr,"Usage: kilo \n");
exit(1);
}

initEditor();
editorSelectSyntaxHighlight(argv[1]);
editorOpen(argv[1]);
enableRawMode(STDIN_FILENO);
editorSetStatusMessage(
    "HELP: Ctrl-S = save | Ctrl-Q = quit | Ctrl-F = find");
while(1) {
    editorRefreshScreen();
    editorProcessKeypress(STDIN_FILENO);
}
return 0;

}

from kilo.

compiler warnings about kilo HOT 3 OPEN

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