- An Open Source language which is very powerful but easy to learn.
- Python is designed to be readable, and hence maintainable.
- Developed by Guido van Rossum In early 1990’s!
* ## Python has very short and precise syntax
x = 34 -23
y = "Hello"
z = 3.45
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)11
Hello
3.45
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It was from a British Comedy show ‘Monty Python and Flying Circus’ from which the Programming Language ‘Python’ got its name.
print("Hello World!")Hello World!
print("Hello ACM VIT")Hello ACM VIT
a = input("Enter A Number: ")
print(a)Enter A Number: 11
11
#This Is A CommentKeywords are names given to variables, functions, classes etc.
Identifiers are names used by a programming itself for some predefined functions or operators etc.
Python unlike C/C++ do not use curly braces to specify a block of statements, instead it uses indentation.
Note: Spaces in indentation may vary but for statements to be in a same block or suite should be indented by same number of spaces.
Variable Names Are Case-Sensetive i.e. Name is not equal to name
integer = 7
floating_point = 7.7
string_val = "Hello ACM VIT"
print(integer)
print(floating_point)
print(string_val)7
7.7
Hello ACM VIT
a = 1
b = c = a
print(b)
print(c)1
1
-
* Numbers * Strings * Lists * Tuples * Dictionaries * Boolean
Numbers are used to numerical data, these are immutable data types ie. These cannot be updated, if updated location is Changed. * Integer * Floating Point * Complex
print(7) #integer
print(7.11) #float
print(1+2j) #complex7
7.11
(1+2j)
print(pow(2,3)) #power
print(min(-72,2,3,54,56,67)) #minimum
print(max(563,4357)) #maximum
import math
print(math.ceil(1.2)) #Smallest Integer
print(math.floor(2.3)) #Greatest Integer
print(math.sqrt(4)) #Square Root
print(math.degrees(3.14)) #radian to degree
print(math.radians(180)) #degree to radian
print(math.sin(3.14)) #sine
print(math.cos(3.14)) #cosine
print(math.tan(3.14)) #tangent8
-72
4357
2
2
2.0
179.9087476710785
3.141592653589793
0.0015926529164868282
-0.9999987317275395
-0.001592654936407223
print(1 + 2)
print(1 * 2)
print(3 / 2)
print(3 // 2) #integer division
print(2 ** 3) #exponential
print(3 % 2) #modulo3
2
1.5
1
8
1
print(1 == 2)
print(1 < 2)
print(1 <= 1)
print(1 > 2)
print(2 >= 1)
print(2 != 1)False
True
True
False
True
True
When we string operators together - Python must know which one to do first, Known as Operator Precedence
x = 1 + 2 ** 3 / 4 * 5
print(x)11.0
String is a data type which is implicitly picked up by a variable storing a text.!
x = "Hello ACM VIT"
print(x) #single lineHello ACM VIT
x = """Hello
ACM VIT"""
print(x) #multi lineHello
ACM VIT
Operators on strings
x = "Hello "
y = "ACM VIT "
print(x + y)
print(y * 7)Hello ACM VIT
ACM VIT ACM VIT ACM VIT ACM VIT ACM VIT ACM VIT ACM VIT
String Functions
x = "Hello ACM VIT"
print(x.count('H')) #count
print(x.find('H')) #find (give index)
print(x.find('t'))
print(x.index('H')) #gives index
#NOTE: Find returns -1 when character is not found whereas index throws an error.
print(min("ACM"))
print(max(x))
print('12'.isdigit())
print(x.isalpha())
print(x.lower())
print(x.upper())
print(x.split(' '))
print(x.join('***'))1
0
-1
0
A
o
True
False
hello acm vit
HELLO ACM VIT
['Hello', 'ACM', 'VIT']
*Hello ACM VIT*Hello ACM VIT*
x = "Hello ACM VIT"
print(x[:])
print(x[2:])
print(x[:3])
print(x[::-1])
print(x[::2]) #third one is the stepHello ACM VIT
llo ACM VIT
Hel
TIV MCA olleH
HloAMVT
Lists are used to store collection of data.
x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
print(x)
print(x[0])
print(x[5])
y = "Hello ACM VIT"
print(list(y))
x[1] = -1
print(x)
print(y)
z = [x,list(y)]
print(x+list(y))
print(z[0][0]) #0 of x
print(z[1][4]) #2 of y[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
1
6
['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'A', 'C', 'M', ' ', 'V', 'I', 'T']
[1, -1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
Hello ACM VIT
[1, -1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'A', 'C', 'M', ' ', 'V', 'I', 'T']
1
o
Tuples are just like lists but these are immutable i.e. cannot be updated.
t = (1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
print(t)
print(t[0])
print(t[5])
t[0] = 1(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
1
6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-110-800801a1e6e7> in <module>()
7 print(t[5])
8
----> 9 t[0] = 1
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
l = [1,2,3,-1,0,-2]
print(sorted(l))
print(l.count(1))
print(l)
l.reverse()
print(l)
l.append(7)
print(l)[-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3]
1
[1, 2, 3, -1, 0, -2]
[-2, 0, -1, 3, 2, 1]
[-2, 0, -1, 3, 2, 1, 7]
l = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
print(l[:])
print(l[::-1])
print(l[2:5])[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
[7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
[3, 4, 5]
-
- Set is another data type which is mutable but stores immutable data.
- Set do not contain duplicate elements.
- Represented using {}.
- Declared using set().
l = [1,2,3,1,1,3]
s = set(l)
print(s){1, 2, 3}
s1 = {1,2,3,4,5,56,6}
s2 = {1,2,3,6,7}
print(s1.intersection(s2))
print(s1.union(s2))
print(s1.isdisjoint(s2))
s3 = {-1,-2}
print(s1.isdisjoint(s3))
print(s2.issubset(s2))
print(s3.issubset(s1)){1, 2, 3, 6}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 56}
False
True
True
False
Dictionary are like lists but instead of indexes values are accessed using unique key. Dictionary is collection of key value pairs. Values can be anything:
* Lists
* Numbers
* Tuples
* Even Dictionaries
Note: Declared using curly braces ‘{}’ and keys are immutable.
d = {1:2,3:4,"one":1}
print(d["one"])
print(d[1])
1
2
d = {"one":1,"two":2}
l = d
print(d)
l["one"] = -1
print(d)
d = {"one":1,"two":2}
l = d.copy()
l["one"] = -1
print(d)
print(l)
print(d.items())
print(d.values())
print(d.get(2,0)) #used to get a valued when you are not sure if key exists or when you want a default value for a key{'one': 1, 'two': 2}
{'one': -1, 'two': 2}
{'one': 1, 'two': 2}
{'one': -1, 'two': 2}
dict_items([('one', 1), ('two', 2)])
dict_values([1, 2])
0
if(1 == 2):
print("True")
else:
print("False")False
if(1 == 2):
print("1 = 2")
elif(1<2):
print("1 < 2")
else:
print("1 > 2")1 < 2
if(1 < 2 and 2 == 2):
print("True")
else:
print("False")True
if(1 > 2 or 2 == 2):
print("True")
else:
print("False")True
if(not 1 > 2):
print("False")
else:
print("True")False
for i in range(1,10):
print(i,end=" ")1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
for i in range(1,10,2):
print(i,end=" ")1 3 5 7 9
i = 0
while(i < 7):
print(i,end=" ")
i += 10 1 2 3 4 5 6
for i in range(1,10):
if(i == 4):
break
print(i,end=" ")1 2 3
for i in range(1,10):
if(i == 4):
continue
print(i,end=" ")1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9
def add(x,y):
return x + y
print(add(2,5))7
def print_list(l):
for i in l:
print(i,end=",")
val_list = [16,25,34,47,52,92,106]
print_list(val_list)16,25,34,47,52,92,106,
x = 7 #Integer
y = 7.7 #Floating Point
z = "Hello World" #String
print(x)
print(y)
print(int(y))
print(x + y)
print(x + int(y))
print(z + str(x) + str(y))
print(z + str(x) + str(int(y)))
z = "99"
print(z + str(x))
print(x + int(z))7
7.7
7
14.7
14
Hello World77.7
Hello World77
997
106
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